A staircase in any home should be beautiful and elegant in appearance. We do not think that someone will dispute this opinion and will not share it with us. Along with this, it must certainly be as comfortable as possible, and most importantly, functional.
Such an important question, how to calculate the stairs to the second floor, should rather be resolved even before the corresponding work begins. It should be decided where exactly it should be located.
The hallway is considered the most suitable option, because it is in this room that the rise will look most appropriate. Let's take a closer look at the issues related to this area of construction activity.
Ladder options
In the modern construction industry, there are a wide variety of types, among which the main ones should be noted:
- screw structures;
- on the bolts;
- combined constructions;
- on beams and others.
Spiral stairs
Graceful, airy and elegant spiral staircases fit with great ease into any of the interiors. It should be noted that such designs can boast of many advantages - both operational and decorative..
Know!
Due to the peculiar configuration - the screw structures - are as compact as possible and do not clutter up additional space in the room.
The minimum diameter ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 meters.
In addition, screw designs are considered to be truly spectacular. They easily turn into the centerpiece of a complete interior, which is very significant.
Spiral staircases are:
- fastened along the central axis;
- on kosoura;
- bowstrings.
Wooden stairs
Based on their aesthetic properties, it is wooden structures that are recognized as the most demanded among consumers. They will become a must-have decoration for any home and create a cozy atmosphere..
Solid wood is a very durable material that has excellent strength and durability. Wooden structures are highly resistant to external influences.
Especially popular today are stairs made of such types of wood as:
- ash;
- beech;
- oak.
It is these materials that have the highest operational properties and are distinguished by their reliability.
Advice!
If you want to save on wood material, you should know that the price of solid pine is much lower than the options listed above, but here you will sacrifice some strength and susceptibility to mechanical stress.
Metal stairs
In popularity, immediately behind wooden structures are metal structures. Their features include the following fact: they can be easily combined with various other materials: glass, wood, stone.
It is worth noting the simple process in the manufacture of metal stairs.
Are used:
- metal profiles;
- steel sheets of various thicknesses;
- pipes of different diameters;
- reinforcing steel.
Metal structures are very durable and functional, while at the same time they have a peculiar design. Relatively low cost and high degree of reliability and short production and installation times are inherent in metal structures. However, painting a staircase is a process that requires a considerable investment of time and energy from the manufacturer.
Calculation of the structure
Thinking about how to calculate a staircase to the 2nd floor in your own house, you should clearly define its location and purpose and, depending on the given circumstances, make a start, choosing a convenient option. The main thing when choosing the type of stairs is the availability of free space.
If the space allocated for the location of the stairs:
- more than 160x160 cm - it is best to opt for a marching staircase;
- if the dimensions of the space are more compressed, it is better to think about installing a screw structure (this option is less convenient, but quite durable and peculiar).
The essence of the calculation
To calculate the stairs to the second floor, you will first need to determine:
- the height of the stairs;
- angle of inclination of the stairs;
- the exact width of the winder and straight steps;
- parameters of the intermarch platform and fences.
If the question about the type of stairs and its location in the room has already been decided, you can start the calculations.
To draw up an estimate and a project, you need to know how to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor - after all, the first document must contain:
- strength calculations;
- drawings showing all dimensions;
- detailing of all functional elements.
The second document is needed for:
- calculating the repair budget;
- determining the amount of material required.
This structure requires not only beauty and aesthetics, but also:
- strength and stability of the structure with a convenient ascent and descent for users of any age and physical capabilities;
- convenient conditions for lifting bulky furniture to the upper floor, evacuating residents in case of fire.
An example of calculating a wooden staircase
The most elementary in the manufacture is a flight staircase, that is, with a straight span. Let's take a closer look at its calculation.
Let's first define the required slope of the stairs. It is clearly shown below:
The inclined angle of 23-37 degrees is considered to be the most comfortable. The steeper the angle of inclination of a wooden staircase, the less space will be needed for its installation in the house. However, with this design, it will be difficult to lift and move heavy objects. If the slope is below 23 degrees, a platform should be installed - a ramp.
Know!
The width of the staircase march (B) is determined relative to the throughput - that is, by the number of people who can walk the stairs at the same time.
- Intra-apartment marches can be from 0.9 to 1 meter wide (alternatively from 1.25 to 1.5 m);
- Marches from 1.2 to 1.4 m are especially convenient. For a garden house - the width can be reduced to 0.8 m, while avoiding a complex configuration and placing it along the wall.
The height of the wooden staircase (H) - the distance from the zero position of the floor of the first floor to the level of the ceiling + the thickness of the overlap of the second floor. Let's say our height corresponds to H = 270 cm.
Let's define the required number of rungs:
- In practice, a convenient lift value has been established with a step height h - 18-20 cm;
- For example, we take 18 cm: we divide H = 270 cm by 18 cm and we get 15 steps;
- The optimal tread width: l = 25-30 cm. For example, take 25 cm and multiply by the number of steps 15 = 375 cm - this is the value (D) of the staircase projection on the floor;
- In order to calculate the total length of the structure (L), we use the "Pythagorean table" for a triangle with a right angle: the square of the hypotenuse corresponds to the sum of the squares of the legs.
Further.
It turns out: L square = H square + D square, hence:
- L is the length of the stairs, obtained as the square root of the sum of the squares of the H-height and the projection of the stairs to the floor - calculations give: L = 462 cm.
As a result, with the help of simple calculations, we get the dimensions of the individual elements of the staircase we need. Now we can proceed to the procurement of materials, the necessary tools and, in fact, to the manufacture of the structure.
Finally
In order to clearly understand how to arrange the stairs to the second floor and calculate it correctly, you should reasonably take into account the features of the premises. First of all, the distance from the level of the first floor to the level of the floor surface of the next floor, plus the location of the walls.
Determine the likelihood and place of the bends of the staircase, which will determine its steepness, think about the railings. Take into account the location of the door openings so as not to limit the size of the flights.
In the video presented - in this article - you will find additional information on this topic.
