Tips for gardeners: how to properly plant an apple tree in the garden

There is no such person on earth who would not like to create an apple orchard, see its birth in a white-pink boiling of flowers, pick juicy fruits, inhaling their aroma. How to make your dream come true? Plant an apple tree ...

Content:

• Types and description of the best varieties of apple trees for growing
• Soil preparation, seedlings and planting dates
• Apple tree planting tips
• Rules for caring for a young tree: watering, feeding, pruning
• Diseases and pests of the apple orchard

Types and description of the best varieties of apple trees for growing

Among the time-tested varieties apple trees one can single out those that have perfectly acclimatized even in temperate latitudes, combining a pleasant taste and high yield:

• Antonovka can be attributed to the most beloved variety, which can give from a mature tree more than one hundred kilograms of fruits with high taste. The tree is not afraid of frost, disease resistant.
• The Sun apple tree, unpretentious in care, gives a large number of apples, the best in taste and transportability. In the most difficult year in terms of climatic conditions, it gives a stable yield of fifty kilograms per tree.
• It is characterized by high winter hardiness and productivity Lungwortwith more than a hundred varieties. The apple tree is perfectly adapted to the conditions of not only the western, but also the northeastern regions. The tree does not need abundant watering, it, having rooted, takes out moisture from a four-meter depth, and endures the winter firmly, giving high yields of apples.
• The variety Grushovka Moskovskaya at maturity has a lush crown, strewn with a large number of fruits with a green skin with red veins. The fruit tastes like a duchess, juicy, crumbly.
• Streyfling perfectly tolerates cold winters, but is unstable to heat, requires abundant watering. In terms of yield and taste, this is one of the best varieties. Yields of apples from a tree of this species increase, starting from the age of seven, and reach one hundred kilograms. The fruits have a dense white-yellow skin with vague red spots. Harvested from the tree in September, it is used both fresh and for canning.
• On the fifth summer after planting Borovinka pleases with red fruits. The yield of this variety is high, so that the branches can break under the weight of the apples. The fruits are stored until October, they perfectly withstand transportation.

There are so many varieties of apple trees that I want to try to grow as many as possible, not only with a large harvest, but also with excellent taste.

Soil preparation, seedlings and planting dates

Large role in planting apple trees plays a pre-planned layout of a plot for an orchard:

• For the tree, illumination plays an important role, therefore, open sunny places are chosen for laying the apple part of the garden.
• Given the strong crown of some varieties of apple trees, it is necessary to give space to a considerable distance to other trees.
• The fruit tree does not like excess moisture in the soil, which will lead to decay root system... If the groundwater comes close to the surface, then the best place for seedlings is a hill. And young trees will not freeze here.
• It is better to plant apple trees of different varieties together, in the same area, almost all varieties live in harmony with each other.

Preparation of seedlings for planting should be thorough. Most often, one- or three-year-old plants with a completely lignified trunk and a height of at least 130 centimeters are planted. After examining the root system of the tree, it is necessary to remove the rotten roots with growths and tumors, and only shorten the main skeletal roots.

Two days before planting, the apple trees are placed in a bucket of water or the roots are dipped in liquid clay, this will help keep them in good shape.

If you purchase seedlings in advance, you can dig them in by digging a groove and placing a tree there. Sprinkled with earth to the tips of the branches and watered abundantly, the plant can survive the winter just fine.

The landing pit is also prepared in advance:

• It should not be less than 60 centimeters deep and 80 centimeters wide.
• Drainage is laid at the bottom of the ditch, consisting of various fragments of wood and stones.
• Then poured on top of a bucket of black soil, rotted manure.
• It is good to add fertilizers - superphosphate (five hundred grams), sulfuric acid or potassium chloride, one hundred grams. The latter can be replaced with a kilogram of wood ash.

It is not difficult to determine the time of planting a fruit tree: the tree should be at this moment in a state of rest, when there is no movement of juices in the trunk. In the period of spring - before bud formation, mid-April, in autumn after leaf fall, from September 20th to October 15th. The timing depends on the apple variety and weather conditions. Early plantings, as well as late ones, can destroy the tree. Planting apple trees in autumn is suitable for the southern regions, because they will have time to get stronger before the onset of frost, and in the northern regions - in the spring.

Apple tree planting tips

After the preparatory work, planting seedlings begin, setting them in the center of the pit, slightly raising them so that the root collar is slightly above the soil level. It is better to participate in planting together: one holds the tree, the second pours the soil, carefully trampling it down. In conclusion, the edges of the root circle are tamped, and the trunk is tied with twine to the cola driven in next to the apple tree. After that, about five buckets of water are poured under the tree.

It is advisable to spread a thin layer of mulch in the form of peat, humus or earth around the tree.

The aisles in apple plantings are planted with vegetables: radish, beans, undersized tomatoes. And here corn and sunflowers can kill a seedling, as they shade it, dry out the soil.

When planting an apple tree, do not forget that loamy, loose soils are the best for a plant. Therefore, with increased sandiness, they are added to the soil with peat, compost, and in clay - river sand, peat, compost. The fruit tree has been planted, now it is important to properly care for it.

Rules for caring for a young tree: watering, feeding, pruning

The first time for a young tree is the main thing watering at least twice a week. In hot summer, you can arrange a shower for your garden pet in the evening. Once a summer month, they are first fed with a solution of sodium humate, and then with two glasses of ash. In the fall, it is imperative to sprinkle a layer of peat in the near-trunk circle, sprinkle the tree, and whitewash the trunk with chalk.

Top dressing of an apple tree:

• It is necessary to feed the apple tree after waking up at the end of April with humus (up to six buckets) and urea (half a kilogram).
• Then - before flowering after abundant watering of trees. The nutritional mixture includes a kilogram of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, a bottle of Effekton.
• For the third time during the ripening of fruits - a kilogram of nitrophoska, twenty grams of sodium humate, diluted in a two-hundred-liter barrel of water. It is enough to pour three buckets of solution under each apple tree.

And in the fall, superphosphate with potassium sulfate is repeated again.A solution of urea (two tablespoons per bucket of water) is sprayed on the trunk, branches of a fruit tree before and after flowering, to give the apple tree the necessary nutrition, to save from pests.

Forming a crown for an apple tree is a must, as this contributes to an increase in yield, early ripening of fruits, and a long life of the tree.

The first pruning will be a year after planting to shorten the main shoot. And after two years, dry, damaged branches are cut off, and the rest are shortened by two-thirds of the length. The buds on the remaining knots should be on the outside. Spring pruning is carried out to thin out the lush crown, remove diseased branches. If up to five years of growth the crown was formed correctly, then the apple tree will not need props due to the maturity of the branches.

In the fall, extra shoots that have appeared over the summer are removed and shortened with a pruner, and then the remaining large hemp with a saw towards the trunk. For processing fresh cuts, a garden pitch is used. Thanks to proper planting and care, some varieties of apple trees begin to bear fruit after five years, others a little later.

Diseases and pests of the apple orchard

The most dangerous disease of fruit trees is considered scab, which is especially manifested during periods of high humidity as brownish-green spots on apples and leaves. If the disease is not treated, the apple tree will remain naked, without foliage. To prevent disease, the tree is sprayed before leafing out and after flowering with a three percent Bordeaux liquid.

Mosaic disease, black, powdery rot are caused by a certain type of fungus that retains its spores in the soil all winter, and in the spring, multiplying, it attacks the roots and leaves of the plant, destroying it. All of these ailments are treated with insecticide spraying. Unfortunately, viral diseases of the garden cannot be cured, and the trees die.

Many of the pests of apple trees are known, measures to combat them have been developed:

• Caterpillars small moths, codling moths damage the fruits, and they fall off prematurely. Parasites hibernate in white cocoons under lumps of earth, in tree hollows, and in spring butterflies flutter in the garden again. Many gardeners use a bucket of kerosene diluted in water suspended from a pole to kill the moth. Having illuminated it at night, you can be sure that the butterflies will fall into this trap and die. Sacks of mothballs hanging on the branches also repel the pest.
• Pin-sized green aphid sucks juices from fresh leaves, they dry up and fall off. They fight it with the help of a decoction of tobacco with the addition of soap.
• Caterpillars of the hawthorn, gray with black stripes, hairy, eat the buds, then the buds, flowers - this is how the harvest is lost. In autumn and early winter, their nests are destroyed, and then trees are sprayed with Parisian greenery in the amount of 25 grams per bucket of water. Lime added to the solution (50 grams) will also help.

In advance spraying garden with medicinal solutions, you can increase its resistance to diseases, pests.

More information can be found in the video: