Dimensions of bricks according to GOST

Material properties

Lime, quartz sand and water are the raw materials for the manufacture of solid silicate bricks. The material is distinguished by high working qualities, which are clearly defined by GOST 379 95. One of these qualities is the strength of silicate products. This indicator is considered to be decisive. It completely affects the overall reliability and durability of a brick structure, and is denoted by the M (n) index, where n is the degree of strength of a particular modification of a silicate product. So, the models with the M300 index have the greatest strength, which withstand a pressure of 30 MPa under compression, and 4 MPa under bending. Such material is used for the construction of load-bearing walls of buildings, which will subsequently be subject to a significant weight load. However, it is not used for building foundations.

According to GOST standards, solid silicate brick is produced only in single and one-and-a-half versions, double models of this modification are not produced. Brick sizes are also standardized. So, the length of single silicate products is 25 cm, width - 12, and thickness - 6.5 cm. One-and-a-half models have dimensions of 250x120x88 mm. By design, there are two types of solid silicate bricks. The first type includes cladding models used for cladding facades, and the second is used for masonry walls and partitions.

Types and characteristics of ceramic bricks

The variety of brick products allows them to be divided and classified.

Brick types

An artificially produced stone, with given shapes, sizes, mass and composition, can be divided into bricks:

In common parlance, it is often divided into red (ceramic) and white (silicate). The difference is mainly in the raw materials in their manufacture. For red it is clay, for white it is a silicate mixture (sand and lime).

Ceramic products, in turn, according to their purpose and application, are divided into the following type:

1. Private. It is used in the masonry of load-bearing, enclosing walls and partitions.
2. Facial. Used for cladding.
3. Special. It is used in the laying of stoves, fireplaces, chimneys (stove, refractory fireclay bricks).

Sizes, their designations

According to the above regulatory construction documentation, all types of this building material in Russia are standardized in their standard sizes.

Size designation

Since 1927, brick products have been standardized. There is a normal format (NF), its geometric dimensions are 250x120x65 (mm).

The name of other standard sizes comes from the normal format:

• 250x120x65 - single (NF);
• 250x120x88 - one and a half (1.4 NF);
• 250x120x140 - double (2.1 NF).

In the current documents, they are divided, classified according to other sizes:

• 250x85x65 - "euro" (0.7 NF);
• 288x138x65 - modular single (1.3 NF).

By the absence or presence of voids in the body, they separate solid and hollow brick products. By voidness, the following varieties are distinguished:

The mass of the product, the weight of the masonry, the cost of its construction, and most importantly, the heat-shielding characteristics of the wall, depend on the number of voids (the percentage of voids from the total volume).

Layout: Two-layer wall (full-bodied front and hollow "warm ceramics")

Weight characteristics

Photo: the weight of a single ceramic brick depends on the volume of voids in it

Designers should take into account the mass to calculate the load of the masonry on the foundation, to determine the carrying capacity of transport, warehouse equipment (loader, crane) during logistics operations with it.

It is useful for an estimator, foreman or bricklayer who works with him with his own hands to know that, for example, 1 m3 of single solid brick masonry (about 500 pieces) is approximately 1690 - 1847 (kg). A cube of one-and-a-half brick is about 380 pieces, and of a double brick - about 200 - 240 pieces.

Attention! When calculating, you can focus on the following numbers: about 7 rows of double, 10 rows of one and a half and 13 rows of single bricks fit in a 1 meter high masonry. Here are the main weights for standard sizes (in accordance with the current documents on building materials)

Here are the main weights for standard sizes (in accordance with the current documents on building materials).

Designation according to GOST

Hollow double silicate brick m 150, dimensions 250x120x138, weighs 5.4 - 5.8 (kg), and hollow double ceramic brick m 150, 250x120x140, weighs 4.3 - 5.0 (kg).

The mass of a full-bodied 250x120x65 is 3.3 - 3.6 (kg), and the same porous in volume - 2.4 kg.

Thus, we see that a large volume (size) does not necessarily mean that its mass will be large. Its weight characteristics are more influenced by the structure.

When choosing the type of building material for walls, one must take into account their thermophysical characteristics, structure, weight and geometric parameters, what is the price of their purchase, delivery and their further operation.

When laying a large array of walls, it is advisable to pay attention to one-and-a-half and double bricks, to large-format blocks of "warm ceramics". To simplify approximate calculations, you can focus on the average weight indicators.

Solid with less than 13% void - about 4 kg, hollow with more than 15% void - about 2.5 kg

To simplify approximate calculations, you can focus on average weights. Solid with a voidness of less than 13% - about 4 kg, hollow with a voidness of more than 15% - about 2.5 kg.

How many bricks are in 1 m2 of masonry: necessary parameters, options for calculating the required amount

It is possible to determine how many bricks are in 1 m² of masonry under certain conditions, on which the desired figure depends.

Therefore, before tackling the calculations, you should decide on the design features of the barrier being erected. The calculation itself will not cause any particular difficulties.

The number of bricks in 1 m² of masonry walls and partitions is the basis for determining the need for ceramite for the entire volume of construction.

note

When it comes time to plan the procurement of materials for the construction of summer cottages, their characteristics are usually already known: if it is a ceramite fence or an internal partition of a room, the masonry will be half a brick, a household shed is made thick as a whole block, and for the outer wall of a residential building no less than in one and a half ceramite. Depending on the purpose, the following main types of the main masonry element are distinguished:

1. Red brick is the most durable, it is used in the construction of load-bearing structures and in terms of volume it can be single, one and a half, double.
2. White silicate block is used for non-critical structures: internal partitions and gazebos, to give the facade an attractive look. This kind in the form of a double volume is not released.
3. Facing ceramite is used to decorate individual structures of architectural objects, and can be single in size with deviations in one direction or another.

To determine how many bricks are in 1 m² of masonry, one must take into account the factors that affect the desired result: the first is the thickness of the walls. It was mentioned above, measured by the length of standard ceramite: ½ part, in a whole block, one and a half, two or more bricks.

The thickness of the mortar joints between the individual elements in the masonry is the third condition for the successful solution of the problem. In the full volume of the wall, approximately one fourth of the gaps are accounted for.

Dimensions of bricks and gaps

There is a state standard - GOST 530–2012 Ceramic bricks and stones, where the nominal dimensions of products and their designations are given. Ceramites are in the greatest demand:

The inter-brick space is filled with cement mortar, the average joint size is taken as 1 cm.Standards for the thickness of brickwork, taking into account the filling of the gaps:

Calculation of the number of ceramites

Obviously, in one square meter of masonry of 1.5 bricks, the number of elements will be greater than with a wall thickness of one length of ceramite.

Therefore, several calculations are performed if the structure will include partitions with different characteristics, including the shape of individual blocks.

For example, you can calculate how many one and a half bricks in 1 m² of masonry in one ceramite. Sequencing:

1. The size of the one-and-a-half element is fixed - 250x120x88 and the wall thickness - 250 mm.
2. Along the length of one meter, taking into account the filling of the seams, (1000/260) * 2 = 7.69 pieces are placed.
3. The number of blocks in height is 1000/98 = 10.20. Here it is not multiplied by 2 - this was taken into account by the previous action.
4. The desired result is 7.69 * 10.20 = 78 pcs.

Alternative way

It is based on determining the surface area of ​​a single masonry element and further shifting towards establishing the quantity depending on the wall thickness. The initial data remains the same as in the previous calculation. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. The area of ​​the lateral surface of one element is determined as 0.26 * 0.098 = 0.02548 m².
2. For a half-brick wall, the number of blocks will be 1 / 0.02548 = 39 pieces.
3. The required value according to the condition of the problem - the number of ceramites in 1 m² of brickwork with a thickness of brick will be 39 * 2 = 78 pcs.

As you can see from the result, both methods gave the same answer. To simplify the use of data when determining the need for the purchase of materials, special tables are compiled, in which quantitative indicators are summarized for all options for ceramite masonry.

Table for determining the number of blocks in 1 m² of partitions

It is simple to use the table: choose a value suitable for the conditions of the brickwork and multiply by the calculated area of ​​the walls to be built with a given thickness. When determining the volume of the purchase, it is necessary to take into account that the amount of scrap in the purchased ceramite reaches 5% of the total number of bricks.

Material parameters

The price of a material depends on its size and production. Of course, the more raw materials are spent on it, the higher the price will be. After all, the weight is greater. But sometimes what is more expensive is more profitable. Therefore, when choosing, there can be only one instruction, this is to make the correct calculations.

Attention: when calculating, it is imperative to take into account waste. They will be there anyway

Only unlike clay material, silicate waste can be used in few places.

Silicate brick weight:

Silicate brick

The production of silicate bricks is carried out in autoclaves under high pressure. This is one of the differences from the production of clay material.

• The composition of the brick includes sand, this is in the region of 92-94%. Lime is also used as an additive. Its volume fluctuates around 3-5%. Various additives are also used for the quality of products, which make up about 2%.
• This technology makes it possible to make high-quality and durable material. For example, hollow materials have increased sound insulation and heat insulation. Therefore, they can be perfectly used for the construction of partitions in rooms.
• The frost resistance index ranges from 15 to 50 freeze and thaw cycles.
• This material can have almost any color. It all depends on the dye added.

Attention: This material has a significant drawback, it absorbs moisture strongly and therefore cannot be used to make the foundation and basement of the room. The weight of a silicate brick depends on several parameters.

In the first place is the composition of the material, in the second place is the manufacturing technology. But the average weight of a brick is around 2.5 kilograms

The weight of a silicate brick depends on several parameters. In the first place is the composition of the material, in the second place is the manufacturing technology. But the average weight of a brick is around 2.5 kilograms.

The volumetric weight of a silicate brick directly depends on its dimensions. They are quite different. There is one and a half material, there is also a single one.

Material selection rules

You make the choice yourself. Here you will need to look at the following components:

First of all, decide on the height of the wall. Here you will need to select a brick not only by weight, but also take into account its height. It will be possible to save on this;
Construction requires the use of quality materials. Therefore, do not take damp bricks on pallets. It dries very badly;
The price of color will be more expensive

Pay attention to this when choosing.
Be sure to take into account the weight, because for partitions it is better to take hollow material. True, here you will use up more solution.

But the wall will be lighter.
If you will be laying bearing surfaces, then it is better to use solid material here. It will withstand heavy loads.

When making a choice, you should never rush. There are always calculations before buying. Look at photos and videos, make an analysis. Construction does not tolerate errors. After all, by purchasing unnecessary material, you will spend not just money, but you can make a poor-quality structure.

Standard weight and specific gravity of solid and hollow building bricks

We have already said that not only the dimensions of the brick, but also its type will affect the weight of this product. First, consider the weight of solid bricks of different types:

the weight of a red solid brick 250x120x65 mm will be equal to 3.5 to 3.8 kg per one product;

Corpulent single

the weight of a red solid brick 250x120x88 mm will be equal to 4 to 4.3 kg per piece;

Corpulent one and a half

the weight of the double brick will be 6.6 to 7.2 kg per block.

Let's compare these indicators with the weight of hollow bricks of the same dimensions:

the weight of 1 red hollow brick 250x120x65 mm is from 2.3 to 2.5 kg;

Hollow single

the weight of a red hollow brick 250x120x88 mm will be equal to 3 to 3.3 kg;

Corpulent one and a half

the mass of double hollow bricks is from 4.6 to 5 kg per block.

Hollow double

The weight of an ordinary red brick allows you to determine the potential load on the foundation of a building, so this information needs to be known at the design stage of the building.

However, such a calculation is more convenient to calculate not in relation to the weight of one brick, but in relation to the specific weight of the building material per cubic meter of area.

Here the values ​​will be as follows:

• the weight of 1 m3 of red solid brick 250x120x65 mm will be equal from 1693 to 1847 kg;
• the weight of 1 m3 of one and a half red brick will be from 1515 to 1631 kg;
• the weight of 1 m3 of double red brick is from 1597 to 1742 kg.

It would seem that the weight of a single red brick is less than the weight of one and a half and double, but the total mass of this building material, located on one cubic meter, is higher. What's the matter?

Everything is simple enough. The fact is that one cubic meter of space accommodates a larger number of single bricks - about 513 pieces. As for one-and-a-half bricks, there are only 379 pieces in 1 m3.

The double brick is even smaller due to its large dimensions. On average, 242 pieces are placed on one cubic meter of area. We found out the weight of a red solid brick 250x120x65 per cubic meter.

Let us now consider similar parameters, but for hollow bricks:

• the specific gravity of a red hollow brick 250x120x65 mm per cubic meter will be from 1180 to 1283 kg;
• the weight of 1 m3 of one-and-a-half hollow brick will be from 1137 to 1250 kg;
• the weight of one cubic meter of double hollow brick will be from 970 to 1210 kg.

As for the number of pieces in one cubic meter, this indicator fully corresponds to the number of solid bricks in 1 m3. Bricks are often sold in batches. It is clear that rarely will anyone need to purchase a brick by the piece, so they buy pallets with bricks.

So, the weight of a pallet of solid red brick 250x120x65 mm from 660 to 1440 kg... At the same time, one pallet can hold from 200 to 400 items.

One pallet of double solid bricks will weigh from 1320 to 1440 kg. The pallet also holds about 200 pieces. We found out the weight of one standard red brick, which is about 3.5 kg. Various supporting structures, foundations and other elements of each building are made from it.

But people use other types of bricks as well, so they need to know about all of their parameters. In addition to standard bricks, there are two more types - facing and refractory. So, the weight of a red facing brick without voids will be from 3.6 to 3.7 kg.

If voids are present, i.e. the brick is hollow, its weight will be from 2.1 to 2.7 kg. One-and-a-half facing brick will have the following parameters:

• the weight of hollow bricks ranges from 2.7 to 3.2 kg;
• the weight of 1 solid red brick is from 4.2 to 6 kg.

The weight of the red brick oven will be from 3.5 to 4 kg. It should be noted that refractory bricks are produced only in full-bodied, i.e. without any voids and holes.

For more information on the weight of the brick, see the video:

Advantages

The dimensions of white silicate bricks are considered the most optimal for repair and construction work. Sand-lime standard bricks have several significant advantages over ceramic bricks. Here are the pros and cons of ceramics.

It is worth highlighting the rather high characteristics in terms of sound insulation. which are considered to be important at the stage of building interior partitions.

Silicate brick is rightfully considered a quality material. The strength limit of the material in question, in compression, should be at least twenty milliamperes. On the packaging, this parameter is indicated by the letter "M" with a certain number (strength limit). For example: M100, M25.

The specified number must be taken into account when constructing real estate.

Brick with high strength will be the ideal base for a two-story house. But it cannot be used for the construction of nine-story structures.

This is because such a brick at a certain moment will begin to deform, which will lead to the destruction of the house. Another important parameter of a brick is its density. It cannot be less than one thousand three hundred kilograms per cubic meter.

Red brick is considered to be the most common building material. Here is the weight of the red brick.

Before painting or wallpapering, it is necessary to carry out puttying work to level the surface. Here's everything about latex putty.

Resistance of bricks to subzero temperatures. This number is equal to the number of freeze and thaw cycles that it is guaranteed to withstand.

The permissible temperature of use should be no more than 500 degrees. The cost of silicate depends a lot on technical features, and therefore on quality.

Therefore, when purchasing it, always pay attention to the manufacturer's license, because high-quality material will not only provide a good building facade. but also make the house safe and as strong as possible

In addition, the manufacturer will always indicate the size of the standard white sand-lime brick.

Silicate bricks are marketed in the form of briquettes established by GOST.But often manufacturers, in order to improve their position in the market, produce shaped bricks. It can have bevels, roundness, cut corners or, in general, an oval shape.

This brick is most often used by bricklayers who frame windows and cornices. At the same time, they no longer need to deform and cut off the silicate brick with a grinder.

Silicate is distinguished not only by the technical features described above, but also has specific dimensions and shape, etc.

If you pay attention to GOST, then the dimensions of the white sand-lime brick correspond to the parallelepiped shape. We also note that silicate bars are marketed as:

We also note that silicate bars are marketed as:

also hollow briquettes.

On the market you can find single, double, and one-and-a-half counterparts.

Double, as well as single and one-and-a-half bricks have found their place in modern construction and are in particular demand.

According to this, their sizes are distinguished:

• Single silicate white. Standard size: 25X12X6.5. where the first number indicates the length, the second for the width, and the third for the thickness;
• One-and-a-half silicate briquette. The standard size of one-and-a-half brick is: 25X12X8.8. where the first number indicates the length, the second for the width, and the third for the thickness;
• Double white silicate briquette. Standard: 25X12X13.8.

For more information about the dimensions of sand-lime bricks, see the video:

Classification of facing bricks

The gradation of the facade cladding is determined by the technology of its manufacture.

There are four categories of facing bricks:

1. Ceramic.
2. Clinker.
3. Hyper-pressed (concrete).
4. Silicate.

Brick in each of the listed categories is available in two versions: solid and hollow. The weight of hollow bricks is on average 25-35% less, and its resistance to heat loss is about 10-15% higher.

Ceramic cladding brick

It is produced by firing a raw mixture consisting of red low-melting clay, organic and mineral additives that regulate plasticity. In this capacity, coal dust, slag, chamotte, sawdust, ash and quartz sand are used. The initial mixture successively goes through the processes of forming, drying and firing. The main difference between facing ceramic bricks and ordinary ones is the thorough preparation of the components before molding. Therefore, there are no foreign inclusions and cracks in it.

The material obtained at the exit from the firing chamber is characterized by resistance to moisture, high strength and good energy-saving properties. Types and colors of ceramic facing bricks are varied.

On sale you can find not only ordinary, but also shaped material (for laying complex architectural elements). To expand the color gamut, manufacturers use mineral dyes (chromium oxide, finely ground iron or manganese ore), adding them to the composition of the feedstock.

Decorating the surface of ceramic bricks is performed in several ways. In addition to the smooth matte and glossy surface, there are available finishes that give this material a similarity to wild stone.

Clinker brick

The closest "relative" of ceramic bricks. The main difference between the two is the feedstock and the firing temperature. For the production of clinker, medium and refractory clays are used. Accordingly, they are fired at a higher temperature. The result is a very dense and durable facing brick with minimal water absorption. These qualities make it possible to use it not only in the decoration of the facade, but also for the cladding of the basement of the foundation, the construction of fences and the paving of paths.

The thermal conductivity of clinker stone is higher than that of ceramic. This disadvantage is compensated for by its high resistance to cracking at low temperatures.

The color palette and texture of clinker stone are extremely diverse, since each manufacturer offers its customers its own collections.The size range of this cladding is also not boring. In addition to the standard single version 250x120x65 mm, you can buy a brick of reduced thickness and height, as well as a long clinker (528x108x37 mm).

Hyper-pressed brick

Firing clay is an energy-intensive and not very cost-effective process. Therefore, many manufacturers are switching to pressed fired bricks. Its basis is granite screening, water and cement. At its core, it is an ultra-dense concrete that has been shaped into masonry bricks.

The main requirement for facade finishing is weather resistance. According to this indicator, hyper-pressed brick is perfect for finishing external walls.

In terms of strength and other quality characteristics, it is practically not inferior to clinker. Due to the texture of the surface (like a rock, torn stone) and the use of persistent dyes, this material looks great in masonry.

Facade decoration with hyper-pressed bricks looks elegant, solid and reliable

Silicate brick

Belongs to the category of non-firing materials. It differs from hyper-pressed brick in its raw material composition. There is no cement in it. High mechanical strength is achieved here due to the hardening of a mixture of silicate sand and hydrated lime in an autoclave installation (elevated temperature and pressure).

Nowadays, silicate facade brick as a facing material is losing its former popularity. In the struggle for a buyer, manufacturers have developed several color options for the silicate mixture. Unfortunately, they all look rather pale and cannot compete with the rich colors of ceramics and clinker.

This material behaves well in the facing of the building. Compared to clinker bricks, it absorbs moisture more strongly, but at the same time it withstands repeated soaking, freezing and thawing better than ceramics.

Figured (shaped) brick

Today, no one is satisfied with the straight lines of the facade, therefore, each type of facing brick is complemented by a wide range of shaped elements. Using them, you can lay out complex architectural elements without time-consuming cutting and cutting, dressing up the house in a beautiful "stone lace".

Hollow brick

In accordance with its name, the main difference between this brick is the presence of internal voids - holes or slots, which can have different shapes (round, square, rectangular and oval), volume (13-50% of the internal volume) and orientation (vertical and horizontal). The presence of voids makes this brick less durable, lighter and warmer, less raw materials are used for its manufacture. Hollow bricks are used for laying lightweight external walls, partitions, filling the frames of high-rise and multi-storey buildings and other unloaded structures.

The second, newest, way to ensure the lightness and warmth of the brick is porization. The presence of a greater number of small pores in the brick is achieved by adding combustible inclusions to the clay mass during its molding - peat, finely chopped straw, sawdust or coal, from which only small voids remain in the massif after firing. Often the brick obtained in this way is called lightweight or ultra-efficient. Aerated bricks provide better heat and sound insulation compared to slot bricks.

Technical characteristics of ordinary hollow bricks: density 1000-1450 kg / m³, porosity 6-8%, frost resistance 6-8%, frost resistance 15-50 cycles, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.3-0.5 W / m ° C, strength grade 75 –250, color from light brown to dark red.

Technical characteristics of hollow super-efficient bricks (NPO Keramika): density 1100-1150 kg / m³, porosity 6-10%, frost resistance 15-50 cycles, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.25-0.26 W / m ° C, strength grade 50 –150, the color of shades of red.

Examples of hollow and porous bricks produced by the Lenstroykeramika factories and the Keramika plant: