Peculiarities
Characterizing rolled fiberglass, it should be said that it differs primarily in its low specific gravity and can be used very widely. The use of this material for thermal insulation is due to its extremely low thermal conductivity. According to this indicator, it is quite comparable with wood of mass species, and in terms of strength it can be comparable to steel. The biological resistance of the fibers meets the highest requirements.
At the same time, in terms of resistance to moisture and other atmospheric influences, fiberglass can be quite put on a par with advanced polymer materials. In addition, it also lacks the disadvantages typical of thermoplastics.
It is important to understand the quality and technical characteristics of fiberglass coiled correctly. In absolute terms of strength (more precisely, ultimate strength), it loses to steel
The coefficient of linear optical expansion is approximately the same as that of glass. Therefore, fiberglass becomes an excellent choice for the manufacture of strong translucent structures. When the substance is manufactured by pressing technology or by winding, the density will be from 1.8 to 2 g per 1 cm3. The production of rolled fiberglass in Russia can only be carried out with a certificate of conformity. Such a document necessarily indicates which standards or specifications apply to this product.
Many experts consider TU 6-48-87-92 to be the most adequate standard. It is in accordance with this standard that a good-quality product is produced. The key factors in determining the cost are technological systems and the labor force involved. Because of this, metal-identical fiberglass products are more expensive and slower to manufacture. In addition to technical specifications, customers should definitely study GOST 19170-2001.
Large-scale production of this material is more profitable because it allows the use of technologies that reduce labor costs. Fiberglass processing is possible in the most sophisticated ways - all machining options are available. But we must remember about the carcinogenic activity of the dust released during this and that it is easily introduced into the skin. Therefore, the use of personal and collective protective equipment for employees is becoming a mandatory attribute of work. It is also worth noting:
- relatively high heat resistance;
- flexibility;
- impermeability to water;
- dielectric properties;
- extremely low thermal conductivity;
- the plasticity of this material.
Brand overview
Fiberglass RST-120 is supplied in the form of canvases 1 m wide (an error of more than 1 mm is unacceptable). Key Features:
- effective protection of thermal insulation material;
- strictly inorganic composition;
- roll length no more than 100 m.
Synthetic material PCT-250 is a flexible material based on fiberglass. With its help, thermal protection of pipelines is performed. It can be used both indoors and outdoors (in the temperature range from –40 to +60 degrees Celsius). Latex resin with additives is used for impregnation. But sometimes the recipe provides for the absence of additives.
PCT-280 has the following properties:
- areal density 280 g per 1 m2;
- roll length up to 100 m;
- suitability for outdoor and indoor work.
RST-415 is sold by default only in rolls of 80-100 linear meters. m. The nominal weight, as you might guess, is 415 g per 1 m2. The product looks nice and aesthetically pleasing. Impregnation can be done with bakelite varnish or latex. Application - outside and inside buildings and structures.
PCT-430 is another excellent grade of fiberglass. Its density is 430 g per 1 m2.The surface density ranges from 100 to 415 microns. The impregnations are the same as in the previous case. Estimated roll weight - 16 kg 500 g.
Application
Fiberglass is often used in mechanical engineering. The purpose of its application is not only to reduce the mass of structures and parts, but also to increase the power of engines. Initially, this material was used for military needs: rocket fairings, the inner skin of aircraft and their dashboards were made from it. Later, fiberglass became an attribute of the production of cars and river, sea vessels.
Chemical engineers became interested in him. Until now, the role of such products in the aerospace industry is great. They value resistance to dynamic loads and elevated temperatures. Additionally, fiberglass is used as a raw material for electrical engineering and instrument making, for communications.
It is worth mentioning such areas of use as:
- outdoor advertising structures;
- construction;
- housing and communal services;
- Appliances;
- interior elements;
- various household "little things";
- baths and basins;
- decorative supports for plants;
- volumetric figures;
- small architectural forms;
- toys for kids;
- components of water parks and courtyards;
- boat and boat hulls;
- trailers and vans;
- garden equipment.
In the next video, you will find an overview of rolled fiberglass of the PCT brand.
Production
Strictly speaking, glass fiber turns out to be nothing more than reinforcement (a means of ensuring rigidity and strength). Due to the synthesized resins, this filler is collected in a matrix and takes on a monolithic appearance. Most often, the raw material for production is glass scrap. Not only glass shards are transformed into it, but also the waste of the glass factories themselves. The processing procedure allows you to guarantee the economy of raw materials and achieve an ecological cleanliness of the technological process.
Fiberglass is created in a continuous filament format. Glass raw materials are melted and simple fibers (so-called filaments) are drawn from it. On their basis, complex threads and strands are created from non-twisted fibers (glass roving).
Important: the formulations used for binding the fibers are selected so that they are not absorbed by the base. They will be able to evenly surround the outer surfaces of the fibers and glue them 100%
The bonding resins guarantee excellent wetting properties and have excellent adhesion to glass fibers. The most commonly used compositions are:
- epoxy;
- polyester;
- organosilicon;
- phenol-formaldehyde and other compounds.
The polyester-based composition is able to maintain its qualities when heated to 130-150 degrees. For epoxy resins, the temperature limit is 200 degrees. Organosilicon combinations work stably at 350-370 degrees. For a short time, the temperature can rise to 540 degrees (without consequences for the basic properties of the material). A conforming product can have a specific gravity of 120 to 1100 g per m2.
The largest deviation of this indicator in the norm is 25%. The width of the samples supplied depends solely on the width of the filler. Tolerances during the impregnation and drying process must be carefully observed. The color is determined by the color of the impregnating components and various additives.
In this case, the following are recognized as a variant of the norm:
- difference in shades;
- single inclusions of foreign components;
- single beads of impregnations.
Wrinkles are perfectly acceptable when joining the roll. They can be present in the beginning and end of the roll, even across the entire width. The presence of traces is also allowed, but only those that are not associated with mechanical damage. Deviations in appearance must correspond to the list of acceptable materials for fiberglass. Fiberglass layers should not stick together.
