Features of the use of yacht varnish for wood processing

Bituminous mixtures

Bituminous varnish is a mixture of special grade bitumen, various resins and oils. After drying, a strong black film forms on the surface, moisture resistant, resistant to chemical attack. It is considered a fairly new material in household use. Belongs to the category of inexpensive. It is more commonly used as an anti-corrosion protective layer.

For wooden surfaces, it is used when it is not required to emphasize the natural texture of the base (instead of paints). Bituminous material has found application as a decorative coating for the effect of aging of surfaces (patina). Another unique feature of bituminous mixtures is cold bonding. The bituminous solution is diluted with white spirit.

To prevent it from thickening during storage, the container must be airtight. The storage area should be dark (no direct sunlight), moderate temperature and humidity.

Bituminous varnish protects the surface very well from moisture and chemical influences, diluted with white spirit

Alkyd urethane yacht varnish

Parade L20 Yachts & Boats glossy

One-component alkyd-urethane varnish. First of all, I would like to note the exceptional resistance to external influences and good protective properties. It works especially well on wooden surfaces that are used in unfavorable climatic conditions.

The degree of gloss can be varied and can be matte, semi-matt and glossy. GOST allows the use of paint in children's institutions, as well as medical institutions.

White spirit is used as a diluent. Stored in a tightly closed container. The cost of the bank is 2850 rubles.

Of the other advantages, I want to note:

• resistance to shock, sea water, ultraviolet rays and various temperatures;
• creating a durable coating.

Minuses:

• picky about accommodation conditions. Do not place near sources of heat and fire;
• assumes storage only in the original container.

Yacht varnish Premia

Eco-friendly acrylic paint. After drying, it forms a durable and reliable layer that can be washed. I recommend using this material to create a cozy design in rooms where a high operational load is expected. According to the description on the manufacturer's website, it is capable of withstanding 50,000 brushing passes. It is used for hospitals, sports and children's institutions.

The paint is intended for work with brick, plasterboard, plastered and concrete surfaces. It can be walls covered with putty, as well as paintable wallpaper. It can also be applied to the old layer of water-based paint, if the surface is prepared in advance. The cost of a 9 liter bucket of paint is 1000 rubles.

Advantages:

• wide range of colors;
• frost resistance. It can withstand up to 50 short-term freezing and thawing cycles during transport;
• hiding power. This quality allows you to use less material and save time required for painting;
• environmental Safety.

Minuses:

not detected.

# 1. What is the difference between different wood varnishes?

Varnish is a viscous product consisting of a solvent, resins and polymers. After application to the surface, the solvent evaporates, leaving a dense, durable film. This barrier protects the tree from all sorts of negative factors. Since wood was previously the main building material, the first varnishes appeared in the 12th century. It was the invention of a German monk, and the composition of the protective substance was kept secret for a long time.Attempts to develop a means to prolong the life of a tree have been made constantly. So, in the 15th century, oil-type compositions appeared in England, later in Holland and Portugal they began to produce varnishes based on resins.

Since then, the range of such products has expanded significantly, compositions with specific properties have appeared, so today it will not be possible to just go to the store and buy the first wood varnish that comes across - it is important to take into account the many nuances of various compositions, otherwise you can not only not protect the material, but also harm it

When choosing a varnish for wood, the following factors should be taken into account:

terms of Use. On the street, the material is affected by factors such as high humidity, constant changes in temperature and ultraviolet light, therefore, the composition for protection must be chosen appropriate - only wood varnishes for outdoor use are suitable. As a rule, the manufacturer indicates on the packaging the conditions in which the composition can be used. Parquet, furniture and wall decoration materials can be safely varnished for wood for interior work;

wear resistance. It is not always possible to cover the floor with the same composition as the furniture, since the load on the surface will be completely different. If even the least resistant nitrocellulose varnish is suitable for furniture and other wooden objects that are not subject to severe wear, then more durable compounds must be taken for the flooring;

toxicity. Most modern formulations have an unpleasant, pungent odor when dry, as they contain organic solvents. Of course, this smell will disappear when the varnish is completely dry, and until then, at best, you will get a headache, and at worst, you will get serious poisoning. Polyurethane, acrylic, polyester varnishes and nitro varnishes are applied in special protective equipment in carpentry workshops or non-residential premises. After drying, all of these compounds are safe. If the work needs to be carried out at home, and at the same time the household is not going to leave anywhere, then it is better to take the least toxic composition - these are water-based varnishes, they have practically no smell;

drying time. A coat of varnish can dry from 6 to 72 hours and sometimes longer. Water-based varnishes and oil varnishes dry the longest, alcohol and nitrocellulose varnishes - from 20 minutes. According to this parameter, all formulations are divided into slow- and quick-drying. Consider this characteristic of the varnish when calculating the duration of the work;

resistance to high temperatures. It makes sense to apply heat-resistant varnishes to wood in those rooms where the risk of fire is increased.

It is important not only to choose a suitable composition, but also to properly open the surface with it, because the result largely depends on the application technique;

shine. Thanks to varnish, you can get a glossy or matte surface

The choice in this case is based only on aesthetic preferences, since the performance does not depend little on the degree of gloss. Gloss gives visual volume, and the matte surface is able to emphasize the beauty of the wood. Gloss is measured as a percentage of reflected luminous flux. So, for example, high-gloss varnish reflects more than 90% of light, glossy - 80-90%, and matte - less than 10%. There are also semi-gloss and semi-gloss compositions, so there is a large selection;

varnish components. For performing work on your own, one-component varnishes are best suited, those that are simply applied and form a protective film by evaporation of the solvent. Professionals often use two-component varnishes, in which a protective film is formed by a chemical reaction between two substances. As a rule, such formulations are more persistent;

the need for a primer. Self-priming varnishes can be applied directly to wood.The rest of the compositions require preliminary surface preparation: if you do not prime it, then soon you can face the flaking of varnish, the appearance of cracks and craters.

You can also find toning varnishes on sale. With their help, you can give the wood the desired shade or even completely change the color. However, the classic option is still a transparent varnish, which allows you to preserve the original wood pattern.

The best polyurethane yacht varnishes

Polyurethane resins are characterized by maximum strength and wear resistance, which makes it possible to use varnishes based on them to protect floor coverings. Another advantage of PU is its high adhesion. Such a composition adheres well even to smooth metal surfaces, not to mention porous wood. Yacht paints and varnishes have similar properties, only traditional water resistance is added to the excellent mechanical characteristics.

Johnstones Yacht Varnish

English weather-resistant varnish is intended for outdoor use and in all characteristics corresponds to a yacht. On the surface of the prepared wood, it creates an elastic waterproof film that is especially resistant to abrasion and shock loads. Sold in cans of 0.75, 2.5 and 5 liters, consumption - from 70 ml / m2.

Pros:

• Does not crack at the corners and edges of products;
• Resistant to temperature effects and aggressive chemicals;
• Contains UV filters;
• Dries quickly - stickiness disappears after 2-4 hours;
• Can be used to protect bricks, natural and artificial stone.

Minuses:

• Expensive;
• Not available everywhere;
• Contains a critical amount of volatile organic matter - up to 50%.

Rollax

Ukrainian weather-resistant varnish is suitable not only for wood, but also for metal surfaces, creating a protective layer of increased hardness on them. In addition, it contains UV filters, antiseptic and biocidal additives that destroy fungi and mold. So this varnish can be called truly universal.

The packaging from the manufacturer "Enamel" is somewhat non-standard - 0.8 or 2.5 liters each, consumption 80-120 ml / m2.

Pros:

Minuses:

• It dries for a very long time;
• Has an unpleasant and persistent odor.

Symphony hardwood

The moisture-resistant varnish with UV filter comes in only two gloss options: glossy and with a silky matte effect. Despite the fact that it takes a long time to wait for its hardening (full set of strength occurs only after 2 weeks), the result is worth it. Hardwood coating is able to protect objects immersed in water for 7 days - this varnish may not be suitable for real yachts, but for domestic use it is a very good indicator.

Symphony Hardwood is available in 0.9, 2.7 and 9 l cans, and is characterized by low consumption in a single coat - from 60 to 80 ml / m2.

Pros:

• Can be applied over old coatings made with other types of varnish;
• Initially colorless, but can be tinted;
• Provides excellent weather resistance to wooden structures;
• Can be diluted with white spirit up to 20%;
• Relatively inexpensive.

Minuses:

• Does not dry quickly enough - up to 6-8 hours to touch;
• The smell does not disappear for a long time.

Potential Harm Notes

However, despite the many positive qualities, the compositions also have negative sides: toxic substances are added to them - toluene and xylene. The first, endowed with carbon and hydrogen, during its evaporation has a bad effect on the body, contributing to the appearance of irritation of the mucous membrane and dizziness. Evaporation is usually quite slow, so the negative effect also lasts for at least a long time.

The second toxin is a complex benzene in its pure form, which can easily be found in the human body, not only when a person breathes. He also has access to penetration through the skin.Xylene is often the culprit for the appearance of a large number of internal diseases, which include disorders of the nervous system.

Knowing all the shortcomings, we can conclude that yacht varnish should not be used as a tool for indoor use in order to avoid health problems. It will be much better if the product acts as a wood protector from the outside of the building.

How to apply yacht varnish on wood: stages of work

Wooden products to be varnished must be absolutely dry: residual moisture is no more than 20%. It makes no sense to process fresh wood. It is necessary to carefully prepare the surface: sand it to remove the remnants of the previous coating, remove dirt, mold, mildew from the tree, or bring new wood to a smooth state.

This stage of work will improve the adhesion of the varnish to the wood.

The entire area must be primed or completely covered with a special filling compound. This stage of work will improve the adhesion of the varnish to the wood.

When reprocessing wooden elements, it is recommended to make a control coating in an inconspicuous place. This will check the compatibility of the coating materials. The varnish is applied to the wood by hand with a brush or roller, as well as with a spray gun. The ambient temperature during the production of paintwork should vary from 15 degrees to 35 degrees.

Tip: thoroughly stirring the varnish before use for processing products will avoid delamination in the future and will increase the service life.

When covering in several layers, it should be taken into account how long the yacht varnish for wood dries. The next layer is applied after the previous one has dried - after 2-6 hours. A more precise drying time is indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions for use. Each layer, after complete drying, can be treated with a fine sandpaper to achieve a more durable coating. If the floor is varnished, then it will be ready for use only after 7 days, when the varnish has finally hardened.

How to dilute yacht varnish on wood if it thickens? The practicality of using this paintwork also lies in the fact that it is diluted with ordinary water, if it is an alkyd composition. Other types are diluted with various solvents, for example, turpentine, white spirit. After reaching the required consistency, you can reapply the material for processing wooden parts.

Liquid varnish is packaged in cans, in the form of an aerosol - in cans. This paint and varnish material lends itself well to tinting, which significantly expands the range of its use. Selection of various colors for individual interiors is possible.

Many well-known manufacturers of paints and varnishes are engaged in the manufacture of yacht varnishes. Yacht varnish for interior woodwork "Tikkurila" is used for processing floors, doors, window frames, and various furniture. It is available in three types: glossy, semi-gloss and matte. The first option is made on the basis of acrylic, the others are based on a urethane-alkyd composition. Drying time of the composition is about 6 hours. Resistant to weathering and moisture, it contains components that slow down the effect of sunlight on the color of the wood. Consumption of yacht varnish per 1m2 for wood is 0.07-0.08 liters.

But in order to achieve a good quality of the varnish layer, the work must be taken seriously:

• If you need to varnish a surface that has already been varnished before, then the previous varnish layer must be removed. Otherwise, the newly applied layer may swell and crack.
• Before the first use, the wood must be dried until it reaches a moisture content of no more than 20%.
• It is advisable to treat the pre-dried surface with a primer, which contains antiseptic additives.
• To create a durable varnish layer, the surface must be processed by applying 2-3 layers of varnish.For application, you can use a brush or roller.
• The first layer of varnish is applied along the wood grain. The next layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried in the direction across the fibers.
• The time interval between the application of the first and second layer can be 5-6 hours, and between the second and the third - already 24 hours.
• If you need to give the surface a certain tone, then use a color that is compatible with the composition of the varnish.
• You can use the premises in two days.

General characteristics

The special material contains harmful
substances, therefore it is recommended to carry out finishing in a room with constant
access to fresh air. The finish protects the wooden elements from
humidity, which prolongs their service life. When using special material
the aesthetics of wood is improved.

The yachtlak processes the facades of houses, the dacha
furniture, wooden baths and saunas are being set up, wooden floors are covered,
musical instruments are varnished. Deck special material is a reliable and
a durable finish that has protective properties and is characterized by
ease of coverage.

Application instructions

Work indoors or outdoors can be performed only at positive temperatures, and the optimal range is + 15 ... + 30 degrees. Humidity during application of funds should not exceed 80%.

How to determine the flow rate of the solution

Usually, the exact consumption of the substance is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging. The standard flow rate is 60-130 ml / sq. m. This indicator may vary depending on the following factors:

• the quality of grinding - the higher it is, the less composition will be consumed;
• type of material - porous rocks (walnut, ash) require more funds;
• viscosity - less liquid varnish is needed than thick;
• application tools - the spray gun will use less varnish than hand tools.

Choice of tools

For the application of special products, tools are required, and only the formulations in cans are applied using the conventional spray method.

Brush

This is a simple and affordable painting tool. It can have synthetic or natural bristles of different lengths. If the bristles are natural, you will often have to wring out the brush during work, because it tends to accumulate liquid. Artificial materials give a smoother, more even finish, are more wear-resistant and are better suited for outdoor use.

Roller

For large areas, rollers are ideal. It is necessary to purchase tools with a short nap, which do not cause drips and do not deform. To make the film more uniform and dense, it is worth buying small rollers. For the processing of facades, large products are used.

Spray gun

This handy tool is perfect for varnishing surfaces, especially in hard-to-reach areas. The composition is applied by spraying, due to which the coating is beautiful, uniform, and of high quality.

Wood preparation

Varnishing should start with the preparation of the wood. If its moisture content is higher than 20%, the material must be dried with a construction hairdryer or in special chambers. Next, they clean the product from dirt, dust, any stains and grease. The base is sanded with sandpaper or a grinder. Eliminate areas of mold, fungus, process them with an antiseptic.

Primer

To reduce the porosity of wood, it is primed with a special filler primer. Among other things, it will improve the adhesion of the special compound to the substrate and reduce its consumption. After priming, a small area of ​​the product is varnished: if the wood continues to absorb the varnish strongly, the primer is applied in one more layer.

Varnishing

After opening the can, the composition is mixed with a wooden spatula, which will exclude delamination. If the mass is too thick, add a solvent - solvent, white spirit, turpentine.Each layer should dry for 2-6 hours (the exact time is indicated in the instructions), after which it is sanded with sandpaper and a new layer is applied. Then the film is allowed to dry completely.

Scope of application

Initially, ship or yacht varnish was used in shipbuilding. It was applied to parts of the hulls of ships, boats and yachts made of wood in contact with water. They used it only outside, since the fumes from the varnish were poisonous enough for humans. This varnish is effective, water resistant and readily available.

Today it is used not only for its intended purpose, but also used for varnishing the surfaces of parts:

• exposed to high loads;
• under the influence of an aggressive environment;
• during repair work inside and outside of premises for various purposes.

Coating wooden structures with varnish on the outside provides reliable protection against moisture, sun heating, mechanical, chemical, biological and other damage.

This varnish is applied to a variety of types of surfaces and objects:

• pieces of furniture;
• musical instruments;
• over parquet;
• wood wall and ceiling panels;
• door frames;
• interior and entrance doors;
• wall cladding in saunas and baths.

It is also used when performing facade work (including covering a bituminous base).

Sanding the varnished surface:

After you run fine-grained sandpaper over the varnished surface of your wood product, it will turn gray. This is also a completely natural phenomenon, you should not worry and think that you have ruined your creation, but it's time to apply a second coat of varnish.

The second layer of varnish and all subsequent ones (if you think the varnish layer is not sufficient) should be applied with undiluted varnish. You will see that the "gray hair" made with sandpaper disappears, and the varnish lays down, evenly filling all the gaps (how accurately and efficiently you apply it also plays a role). After you have applied the second layer of varnish to your product, it must be allowed to dry well (the varnish should not stick and there should be no imprints in it). The second and all subsequent layers of varnish can dry much longer than the first, since the first one has been absorbed into the wood fibers and evaporated.

When the second layer of varnish dries, in principle, the procedure can be considered complete, and for many products this is enough. If you apply the next layers of varnish - you simply increase its thickness to the desired size, it all depends on your needs in this.

PS: I tried to clearly show and describe non-tricky advice. I hope that at least something will be useful to you. But this is not all that you can think of, so go for it and study the site.

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How to dilute varnish

Varnishes and paints have become widespread among developers due to their large assortment, availability and high quality, so it is not surprising that many ask themselves the question: how to dilute varnish and what it represents.

Varnish is a solution of film-forming substances in organic solvents or in water, which forms a solid, homogeneous transparent film after application to the surface and drying. Varnish is widely used to protect various surfaces from corrosion, precipitation and decay (in the case of wooden surfaces) and to give surfaces decorative look.

It is also used to create electrical insulating, heat-insulating anticorrosive and other protective coatings for building structures. The color and transparency of the lacquer film are important for maintaining the texture of the finished wood.

When varnish is applied to the surface of wood, properties such as color and transparency become very important, therefore it is very important to preserve the texture of the wood and the surface to be treated. How to dilute the varnish? Various solvents, numbered solvents, white spirit, coal solvent, turpentine and other types are used to dilute varnishes to working viscosity.

Table 1. Solvent characteristics

Heavily thickened varnishes are first diluted with a solvent. After 3 ... 4 hours of exposure, the varnish is brought to the desired consistency with a thinner. Moreover, their amount in the varnish should not exceed 5%, the introduction of large quantities can lead to the loss of resin and damage to the material.

Solvents are liquids used to give paint formulations the desired paint consistency. Depending on the purpose, they are divided into solvents for oil paints - gasoline, white spirit (GOST 3134-78 *), turpentine (GOST 1571-82); glyphthalic and bituminous varnishes and paints (solvent naphtha, turpentine, xylene) (GOST 9949-76 * E), perchlorovinyl paints - acetone (GOST 2768-84 *); adhesive and water-based paints solvent and thinner is water.

The vast majority of solvents are hydrocarbon organic volatile liquids, explosive and flammable. The characteristics of the solvents are given in table-1.

When choosing thinners and solvents, the conditions of the painting work should be taken into account. Active solvents and thinners with a low boiling point reduce the drying time of the films. However, in this case, a strong cooling of the painted surface occurs, as a result of which moisture condenses on the film, and, consequently, the strength of the coating decreases, its color changes, and adhesion decreases.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the flammability, odor, toxicity, the ability to corrode the metal.

Precautions must be taken to avoid fire and explosion. It should be remembered that the concentration of solvent vapors in the air during prolonged inhalation can cause dizziness and even fainting.

The use of solvents for washing hands leads to skin problems. The most harmful solvents include the following: benzene, dichloroethane, methyl alcohol, trichlorethylene, chlorobenzene and others.

Picture 1. Construction varnish of the PF series

On the surface to be treated, varnishes are applied with a brush or swab, by spraying or dipping, as well as by pouring. The industry produces the following types of varnishes: bitumen-pitch, oil-resin, nitrocellulose and other types of varnishes. Varnish GF-166 (PF-283) is very well-known and widely used in construction for the protection of metal and wood surfaces.

It is a solution of alkyd pentaphthalic or glyphthalic resin, which is modified with vegetable oils in organic solvents with the addition of NF-1 desiccant. The varnish gives the surfaces a uniform transparent and glossy glossy protective film. It is used as a protective coating and decorative, but it is toxic and fire hazardous.

When applying varnish to surfaces indoors, it is advisable to open windows and doors to ensure good ventilation. It is also necessary to protect the respiratory system by using respirators, since the composition is toxic. The varnish can be applied with a brush or spray on oil paints, metal and wood surfaces, outdoors and indoors.