Installation of walkways for two-storey buildings
If the building is two-story, then in this case, after the installation on the first floor, it is necessary to tackle the second. How to run a sandwich pipe through the second floor? Consider the main points of wiring a chimney sandwich through the second floor:
- As a rule, the second floor of the baths is set up as a relaxation room. Also, laying a sandwich chimney can take place in a private house. In such cases, a transition is made from a sandwich pipe to a single-wall pipe. This is done so that the heat from the chimney spreads and warms the premises. The transition to a single-wall pipe should be carried out at a height of 1 m from the floor of the second floor.
- In front of the attic passage unit, a transition is made back to the sandwich pipe.
- The attic walk-through is installed in the same way as the previous one.
- It is necessary to run the chimney through the waterproofing coating and the roof. It is imperative to perform thermal insulation and equip a protective apron, which will serve as a waterproofing sandwich of the chimney. For these purposes, homemade aprons and heat-resistant sealant may be suitable.
Waterproofing after laying the pipe through the roof is necessary so that moisture does not penetrate into the attic and does not flow down through the structure. When sandwich pipes pass through the roof, it is also necessary to comply with the standards described in SNiP.
DIY PPU installation
The hole should be about 0.5 mm thicker than the channel diameter. This will ensure easy insertion. Thermal insulation is packed along the outer and inner walls. The distance between them is 1-2 cm.
If you do not have a ready-made kit, you can perform high-quality stove heating in the house without it. For this, the free space in the ceiling is sealed with refractory thermal insulation, on top of which steel strips are installed. A plate of heat-resistant metals is installed on it, in which a suitable hole is cut. Such a plate is fastened with a bolt connection. It is most convenient to make it from metal.
When installing it, we comply with all requirements, and maintain the established distances to fire hazardous objects. The resulting voids, from the side of the second floor or attic, should be covered with expanded clay or other non-combustible insulation.
Passage of a brick chimney through a hardwood floor
Laying out a stove chimney is a complex process where many nuances must be observed. Therefore, it is better to entrust this business to specialists. In addition, construction errors can lead to poor traction and fire.
An important point: a simple building brick for laying individual parts and the entire chimney is not suitable. A prerequisite for durable and trouble-free operation of a brick pipe is the use of ceramic heat-resistant bricks.
When constructing structures, it is necessary to lay them out in a special way in the places where the floors pass. The ideal option would be to cut the chimney on the ceiling. The height of this section of masonry should be at least three rows of bricks. The thickness of the walls of the chimney when passing through the roof or wall (partition) must be greater than the main height. The distance to combustible materials must be at least 25 cm.
Two passes of a brick chimney are possible. In the first version, the pass-through unit is mounted by increasing the thickness of the masonry, the so-called "fluff". The second variant of the passage of a brick pipe through the attic floor without laying out the "fluff" is carried out in almost the same way as a metal pipe. In this case, the chimney along its entire height has the same cross-sectional size, without increasing the thickness of the walls.
The hole in the ceiling is fixed with a stainless steel sheet or minerite slab. A window is cut out in the center of the sheet through which the chimney will pass.The length and width of this opening should exceed the similar parameters of the pipe by literally 3 ÷ 5 mm. When laying the chimney, about three to four rows to the ceiling, a sheet with a prepared opening is put on it, and then the laying is made further to the height of the clean floor of the attic. Wooden floors are laid with mineral wool to reduce heat transfer from the pipe. But a more reliable way would be a stainless steel box, into which a brick chimney will pass, the distance from the pipe to the walls is also laid with mineral or kaolin wool by 5-7 cm.
Sealing joints
This stage is considered the most difficult when removing through the roof. For this, a lower apron made of sheet metal is installed.
A "tie" made of metal is laid under it, the purpose of which is to divert liquid into the drain. Outside, you can install a decorative apron, the purpose of which is to create an aesthetic appearance.
When using a flexible coating, the task of waterproofing is greatly simplified. It is fairly easy to fold such material onto a pre-impregnated pipe to create a better fit. It is also recommended to seal the joints of the wall and roof with a sealant.
Video tip - chimney passage through a wooden floor
From the following video, you can learn how to properly lay the structure, without spending extra effort.
A few tips for thermal insulation
Among the most reliable structures for the passage of a pipe through the roof, a specially made box is considered - according to the type of rafter system. Instead of wood, which is a flammable material, it can be made of galvanized roofing, but according to the same scheme.
The design of modular chimneys has ready-made thermal insulation, but they differ in configuration. For example, there is a double pipe with a layer of basalt wool or a special ceramic core and an outer shell made of concrete. The assembly of modular blocks is quite simple - the diagram is attached with the purchase.
It is possible to install an asbestos gasket, followed by sealing with an asbestos mortar. Each new block of the module is attached over the previous one with the same composition of the mixture. After completion of the installation, the pipe is isolated from a leak in the roof window in any way described.
A modern roof with corrugated board has its own characteristics - here it is better to make the window for the chimney a little wider. All abutting surfaces are filled with materials with thermal insulating properties in the same way. The chimney, before being wrapped with basalt wool, is placed in a steel box. Carefully cut the film layers of vapor and waterproofing, fix by the edges of the box. It is imperative to make a heat-resistant filling between it and the pipe.
Next, external waterproofing is carried out - a sealing cap material corresponding to the dimensions of the chimney pipe is put on from above, the edge is fastened with a clamp to glue. The lower edge fits tightly to the roofing material and is rigidly fixed with a sealant. A steel cap is often included with such a chimney. They are put on rounded pipes. Installation is recommended when the outlet smoke from the solid fuel boiler has a temperature of more than 100 ° C.
If you properly insulate the chimney pipe, then you will not be in danger of dampness and rotten ceiling.
Fireproof insulation of the chimney
For this purpose, a wooden box is constructed between the pipe and the roof from the elements of the rafter system. The chimney must be located inside the duct at a distance of at least 15 cm from its walls. The space between the chimney and the duct walls is filled with a non-combustible material with low thermal conductivity (usually mineral wool).
Instead of a wooden one, you can make a welded box made of galvanized roofing steel, guided by the same principles.
The inner layers of the roof (vapor barrier, thermal insulation, waterproofing) at the pipe passage are cut and fixed with brackets or nails to the cross beams and rafters. The waterproofing layer is fixed around the roof passage with a frame. In this way, reliable insulation of the chimney from the combustible elements of the roof is ensured.
There are ready-made modular chimneys, the design of which provides for thermal insulation. The modules consist of a ceramic core, a layer of basalt wool and an outer casing made of lightweight concrete. The installation of a chimney from modular blocks is not complicated. First, an asbestos gasket is installed between the stove and the chimney, then a layer of mortar is applied to it, a module is placed and leveled. Each next modular block is fixed with a layer of mortar. After the construction of the modular chimney, it is necessary to isolate the chimney from leaks at the passage through the roof.
The next method of insulating chimneys is used mainly in the construction of baths. The metal chimney in the place of passage through the roof is wrapped in several layers of mineral wool and fixed with wire. Then the plaster is performed with a clay-sand mixture. The pipe prepared in this way is wrapped with a layer of galvanized roofing steel, fixed with self-tapping screws and the chimney is mounted on the roof.
Manufacturing of boxes
About how to insulate the iron chimney pipe, it was said earlier. Now you can move on to the next step. It seems to many that making a chimney box is too difficult a task. In reality, this is not the case. It is enough to approach work responsibly, competently.
Required tools:
- Drill;
- Metal scissors;
- Compass;
- Metal sheets;
- Self-tapping screws.
Stages of work:
- Hole preparation. Along the edges, it is necessary to fix the bars, which will act as a support for the body.
- Two blanks are cut from a metal sheet. They are given a U-shape. Then the finished parts are screwed to the ceiling with self-tapping screws.
- Again, two blanks are made, but they are already fixed on standing sheets with a small overhang. It turns out a one-piece frame in the ceiling.
- Now the bottom for the box is made of metal sheet. In the center of the workpiece there should be a hole for the chimney, here you need a compass.
- The box contains four fasteners of two centimeters. They are cut and folded perpendicular to the bottom.
- Walls are attached to the bottom. Now a chimney is inserted into the box, it is additionally secured with clamps. The voids are filled with an insulating layer.
Chimney installation
Chimney installation is not as easy a task as it might seem at first glance.
There are many nuances to consider. If the chimney is not installed with sufficient quality, then this can lead to damage to property, as well as create discomfort for people inside, and harm their health.
Chimney fixing
The workpiece must be taken to the roof through the attic. All gaps, especially the voids between the roof and the branch pipe, are filled with waterproofing. When withdrawing the workpiece, you must remember the safety precautions.
A knee is used to secure the chimney pipe. It is designed to adjust the vertical position of the structure. To give everything reliability, the pipe is additionally attached to the wall, using suitable brackets. Usually they are included in a ready-made set. They can also be made by hand, it is best to use metal corners as a basis for them.
Replacing a brick pipe with a metal one
If the brick chimney is not enough, it can be further extended with a metal pipe. The task is laborious, but quite realizable
It is important to approach her responsibly.
To begin with, a flat steel platform with a branch pipe is made. Moreover, its diameter should be the same as the diameter of the metal pipe that you plan to use. The platform must be securely fixed. It is fixed with dowels and screws. Sealing will add additional reliability.
Work order:
- On the brickwork, you need to mark the points at which the mount will be installed. They must not be placed on a masonry seam. It is advisable to place them closer to the center of the brick, and not on its edge.
- Holes are drilled in the marked places to accommodate the dowels. At the same points, holes are made on a flat platform, self-tapping screws will go there.
- A refractory sealant is applied to the brick base, then a steel platform is placed there. Self-tapping screws are screwed into the dowels
- It is important to monitor the tightness and uniformity.
- Now it remains to wait for the sealant to dry completely and go directly to lengthening the chimney using a metal pipe.
Important nuances of installation:
The decision on how to insulate the metal chimney pipe should be made based on the budget, as well as the needs of the structure.
It is important to approach the task as responsibly as possible, performing work in full compliance with all norms and nuances. Then the insulation of the chimney will last a long time without any complaints.
Fire insulation options for smoke exhaust systems
The insulation of the chimney is carried out in order to resist the heating of the adjacent materials. The passing part of the chimney through the ceiling or roof is placed in a box, the distance to it should be more than 10 cm. This free space is filled with refractory material with low thermal conductivity (basalt wool or fabric, asbestos fiber).
If the chimney has a prefabricated structure (steel, ceramic). then the set must necessarily contain special elements that already have increased fire performance. Such modules are attached to the pipe, they can have an additional reinforcing frame and a waterproofing apron for the roof. Sometimes round pipes are insulated with brickwork, for this they cut a window in the ceiling, brick it in one or several layers, the distance to the pipe is clogged with mineral wool.
The release of new building materials and the development of advanced technologies are a guarantee of effective thermal insulation. The choice of materials for this purpose is largely determined by the shape of the chimney, the way of wrapping the pipe that removes hot gaseous substances during fuel combustion.
The main difficulty is not to allow the materials adjacent to the chimney to heat up unnecessarily, so that they do not ignite in any type of building.
Most of the buildings in private households have a chimney coming from:
- solid fuel boiler;
- fireplace;
- ovens;
- cooking plates.
Ceramic chimney kit
Before insulating a pipe in a bathhouse or a residential building, you should choose the option most suitable for your design. The ceramic chimney is no less effective and durable; it is used for a fireplace or a bath. The assembly of the finished structure includes components made of fire-fighting materials. Some of them adjoin directly to the pipe or cover it, others are designed to seal the passage through the roof.
The separation of the chimney and the multilayer roofing cake (with insulation, hydro and vapor insulation) is carried out according to all modern standards:
for double metal pipes, internal insulation with mineral wool is provided;
a single pipe is covered with a finished insulating shell of the required diameter and protected from the outside;
in brickwork, it is important to increase the wall thickness of the order (38-40 cm) and protect the contact surfaces with special plaster.
The box for the outlet of the chimney is constructed from a cross beam and rafters, keeping the distance from the wooden structure to the metal chimney at least 15 cm. The gap between them is filled with basalt wool.
The membranes of the roofing cake cut at the exit of the pipe must be carefully cut and wrapped. Then they are pressed with a crate and fixed along the edges of the box with nails. For complete tightness of the roof, the pipe in this place must be wrapped with a special sealing tape.
When the chimney runs through an unheated attic, and not in a residential attic, the risk of overheating of the roofing elements is reduced. Complete tightness of the insulation is necessary in any case, but it is better to additionally wrap the pipe with a special tape. Competent installation of the internal waterproofing and the outer cap will ensure reliable sealing after the thermal insulation of the chimney is installed in the opening of the roof covering.
What is the insulation of chimneys for?
The flue gas system is constantly exposed to high temperatures. It is also influenced by chemically active substances and various external factors. As a result, the integrity of the chimney is under threat, the efficiency of its operation decreases, and the prerequisites for the shrinkage of the walls of the house appear.
Cracks or gaps on the surface can cause poor traction and possibly carbon monoxide poisoning. Soot fires are not uncommon.
In order to safely and efficiently operate the chimney, as well as extend its service life, it is necessary to perform several operations. One of them is chimney insulation.
It is recommended to insulate the chimney during the construction of the chimney, since it is more difficult to work with the finished chimney. This may require changes to the design of the roof slabs.
Bath chimney
When performing the insulation of the chimney in the bath, the safety of people should be paramount. The main threat in the room comes from open flames. Therefore, it must be protected, having previously made the overlap resistant to high temperatures.
Basically, baths are built from wood, a flammable material. A very common misconception is the opinion that sheathing the ceiling with metal sheets will be a sufficient measure. But in reality, such protection is not enough. After all, the upholstery will still heat up, which can lead to ignition. A popular solution to the problem is to insulate the chimney with red bricks. But this is not suitable for every bath design.
There are now two good options for chimney insulation:
- Folgoizol. A bath with such insulation will not lose heat, everything works like a thermos. At the same time, it warms up quite quickly, maintaining the temperature for a long time.
- Thermal insulation. The material is used for winding the chimney.
A popular solution is the use of sandwich pipes, which show a high degree of safety. The insulation structure consists of several sections that can be easily combined with each other. This option is also suitable for saunas with a metal stove.
Preparing the site for the ceiling cut
The center point at which the sandwich pipe will be held is found using a plumb line. The place that was chosen for the passage of the pipe is marked out, and then the hole is made. If it is done by hand, it is recommended to decorate it from the side of the steam room to preserve the aesthetics. To do this, you can use a sheet of stainless steel or galvanized. A sheet should be made in size that exceeds the size of the hole for the chimney.
The chimney opening should be slightly wider than the pipe that will go through it
When preparing a site, it is worth paying attention to several important points:
- when installing a sandwich structure vertically, it is worth remembering that the holes are marked first at the top point, and then at the bottom points. That is, first of all, the markings must be carried out on the roof. When marking, it is imperative to use a plumb line to determine the center;
- when using production models of assemblies, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions, which usually indicate tips and preferences for installing a specific model of ceiling cut;
- do-it-yourself ceiling pass-through units for the chimney are made using stainless steel sheets. The hole in the sheet is made 1–2 mm larger than the sandwich pipe.
If the installation of the chimney will be carried out in an already finished building, then the necessary moment is to make changes to the design of the ceiling above the stove. Part of the beam (closest to the chimney) is cut out and reinforced with special bridges.
Insulation materials for bath pipes
Moisture and smoke generated during fuel combustion are aggressive factors affecting a brick chimney. The temperature difference in the cold season and the accumulated moisture deposited on the walls fills the microcracks with water, and the stone structure collapses from the inside. Small ice crystals crush from the inside and destroy it.
This is eliminated by the insulated chimney. In the process of combustion, condensate forms on the surface of the flue, which contains a chemical series of oxides. Interacting, the elements form weak acids (carbonic, sulfuric, etc.) that can destroy the metal surface. It is for this reason that the chimney must be insulated.
The main question of the owners of country houses with an autonomous heating system is how to insulate the chimney. In order to reliably insulate the outlets for the furnace or boiler, materials with a high degree of thermal insulation are used to ensure the heat balance of the chimney on the roof.
Relevant for insulating a chimney with mineral wool or basalt. Insulation is obtained from a molten volcanic rock - gabbo-basalt. It is converted into fibers, so that the insulating material has the following advantages:
- retains up to 95% heat;
- is characterized by good vapor permeability;
- differs in chemical and corrosion resistance;
- prevents the growth of fungus and mold on the surface of the chimney on the roof;
- vibration and heat resistant;
- made of ecological materials;
- does not undergo destruction under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
Metal "armor" in the form of a pipe made of stainless steel is used as an option for insulation. It is able to provide full protection against mechanical damage, moisture and other aggressive factors. The chimney cover is mounted on a pipe on the roof. The space between the pipes is filled with basalt wool, the outside is covered with insulation, 5 cm thick. An asbestos chimney can be wrapped with this insulation.
Wood shields
Wooden shields are considered one of the simplest options for insulating a chimney. Thermal insulation is made in the form of a timber frame made of plates of the appropriate size. On top of it, slate or other flooring is fixed, from which the roof of the dwelling is made. After the pipe is completely covered with wood, the empty cavity is filled with felt, slag, sand, mineral wool. Frame seams must be covered with a waterproofing compound.
Insulation of a chimney in a private house using iron and slag concrete slabs provides the smallest distance between the joints on the structure.The space inside and the corners are reinforced with mesh or wire, gypsum, clay and sand are poured in the form of a solution. Plaster is applied over the tile insulation.
Since bath buildings are often built of wood, these objects need to be insulated for chimneys, stoves, ceilings, walls, since this material is highly flammable. You need to think about how to secure the pipe in the bath, making the thermal insulation of the smoke exhaust structure so that it cools down more slowly and condensation does not collect on it.
When solving the problem of how to wrap a metal chimney pipe in a bath, experts distinguish foil insulation and thermal insulation.
Insulation of asbestos-cement pipes
To complete the entire cycle of work, you will need to perform several operations:
- we clean off the remnants of the solution, dirt, paint from the surfaces; we assemble the finished steel protective device (casing), which consists of several parts and is put on the pipeline as a simple clamp of 2 parts; put on the first part and fill the inner space with a layer of thermal insulation; Example of thermal insulation, install the following sections of the chimney , the work is carried out according to a similar scheme; at a certain distance, the pipes are fixed to the wall with self-tapping screws with dowels; after going to the roof and before installing the protective visor, it is necessary to close the inner space between the steel lining and the asbestos-cement pipe.
Passage of a brick pipe through the ceiling
A brick chimney, as a rule, has a design that protects the surrounding combustible materials from overheating. The section of the pipe, which is laid out when it passes through the ceiling, itself is already a cut and is called "fluff".
This chimney design is traditional, tested for a long time, and is most often chosen by stove-makers.
The "fluff" begins under the very ceiling in the living room (three to four rows of bricks before it) and goes through the entire thickness of the attic floor. Sometimes the fluff is raised to the clean floor of the attic, in other cases it is made flush with the subfloor. Both that and the other option can cause nit-picking of the inspectors - remember the notorious "70 millimeters" already discussed above.
This structural element plays the role of the necessary thickening of the pipe walls, which protects the combustible materials of the floor from overheating.
In fact, the SNiP requirements that were discussed in the first section of the publication directly affect the design of the "fluff". In order not to repeat ourselves, you can give a diagram that clearly shows what dimensions and where should be observed:
The diagram graphically shows the basic requirements of SNiP for the location of the stove and chimney, to ensure the safe passage of the pipe through the ceiling
Arrangement of the passage of a brick pipe through the attic floor without laying out the "fluff"
The opening in the ceiling can be covered with a metal sheet or fiber cement slab. In the middle of the thermal insulation panel, a window is marked, through which the chimney will pass. The length and width of this opening should exceed the similar parameters of the pipe by literally 3 ÷ 5 mm.
When laying the chimney, about three to four rows to the ceiling, a sheet with a prepared opening is put on it, and then the laying is made further to the height of the clean floor of the attic.
The next step, the sheet put on the pipe rises, is pressed and fixed to the ceiling in a convenient way in a particular case - with self-tapping screws or dowels.
Further, work is carried out from the side of the attic or the second floor. Strips of basalt wool, asbestos or fiber cement slabs are laid along the walls of the opening cut out for penetration. This "framing" should cover the entire thickness of the attic floor.If necessary, the material can be fixed to the floor beams.
Thanks to these operations, a kind of box is created around the neck of the pipe, which will be filled with heat-resistant material. Basalt wool can be used as it, with which the entire volume is densely filled. If wool with a foil layer is used, then it is turned towards the walls of the oven.
It is quite possible to perform a similar thermal insulation of the pipe with expanded clay or vermiculite, but before backfilling, it is imperative to seal up the gaps remaining between the pipe and the edges of the opening, especially if material of fine fractions is used.
Of course, you can do exactly the same as with a metal pipe, putting on a finished penetration made of steel sheet on a brick chimney. This option will probably be safer and more convenient both in terms of its installation and reliable fixation, and when filling the box with thermal insulation material. True, such a box will cost significantly more. Does it make sense - decide for yourself.
Having filled the penetration with insulation, it is also closed from above with a metal or fiber cement sheet.
On this, the work on arranging the safe passage of the chimney through the ceiling can be considered complete.