Correct planting and caring for a columnar pear
Breeders today are very carefully studying the columnar variety pears... This is due to the fact that this tree is gaining more and more popularity every year. Due to the many benefits, many gardeners want to see a tree in their area.
Content:
Structural features
The columnar pear was bred by breeders not so long ago. It belongs to the category of dwarf trees, the height of which is no more than 2.5 meters. These plants have a trunk that is very similar in appearance to an ordinary one. pear... Many people think that there are no branches in a columnar pear, but this is far from the case.
These plants are characterized by the presence of branches that grow poorly.
Columnar pears are characterized by the presence of common flowers and leaves. The fruits of this plant are placed on the trunk. They are characterized by juiciness and sweet taste. Columnar pears are characterized by early fruiting. But they are not long-lived, so after 10 years it is necessary to renew the garden.
The best varieties
Columnar pear can be winter, early maturing, autumn, summer-autumn, late autumn. The most commonly used varieties by breeders are:
- Sunremy, which ripens in early October. This variety belongs to the category of fruit trees and is unpretentious to the soil. The tree is highly varied diseases... The weight of large fragrant fruits of the tree is more than 400 grams.
- Sapphire is a hardy autumn variety characterized by the presence of a blush on the sides of the fruit. They are characterized by a fairly long shelf life, and also have a pleasant and sweet taste.
- A decor that has a slightly sour, slightly refreshing taste. The fruit weighs about 200 grams and is bright yellow in color. The pulp is characterized by a pronounced aroma and juiciness. The fruits of this plant are not stored for long.
- Knight Werth is characterized by resistance to low temperatures. Fruiting of this plant begins the next year after planting. The weight of one fruit of a columnar pear is about 200 grams.
- Honey, which ripens in August. This variety is characterized by a high level of frost resistance. The fruits of this plant are characterized by large size and weight over 400 grams.
Absolutely all varieties of pears are characterized by a pronounced sweet taste and a high level of resistance to pests... This allows them to be disembarked at any site.
Landing
Planting a columnar pear is a rather responsible procedure, since the growth and development of a plant directly depends on it. It is necessary to prepare for the process of planting this plant in advance.
Planting of a columnar pear is carried out in the spring.
If unfavorable weather is observed in the spring for a very long time, then it is necessary to wait with the planting of the seedling. During this period, it is hardened so that it can take root as quickly as possible.
In the daytime, the gardener needs to take out the sapling of the columnar pear in the sun, and at night - indoors. Watering the roots of this plant are carried out once every 7 days. For this purpose, only warm water should be used. After the threat of frost has disappeared, it is necessary to plant the seedling in a place, the preparation of which is carried out in advance.
Recommendations for planting a columnar pear:
- Before planting a pear, it is necessary to prepare the soil and the planting pit as carefully as possible.
- For a columnar pear, a landing pit with a diameter of 60 centimeters and a depth of 80 centimeters would be ideal.
- A bucket of water is poured into the landing pit. Next, you need to wait until the water is completely absorbed into the ground.
- After that, a layer of humus is placed in the pit and twice as much sand, which is pre-sieved.
- To backfill the pit, soil is used that was dug out of the pit. It is necessary to add 200 grams of superphosphate and half as much potassium sulfate to it. The resulting mixture is poured into the third part of the pit.
- The hole is left for five days before disembarking. After this time, the pit must be filled with a bucket of water and wait until it is absorbed.
- Next, the support for the seedling is installed. When open root system of this plant, it is necessary to straighten it and remove unsuitable ones.
- After placement pears the root system is backfilled into the pit. When planting this plant, it is necessary to ensure that the trunk is perpendicular.
The planting of a columnar pear is carried out for a rather long time and requires the application of efforts. But the result will exceed the expectations of any gardener.
Seedling care
After planting a columnar pear, the seedling needs special care. It is characterized by simplicity and is within the power of absolutely all gardeners. To do this, you just need to follow a few simple rules. If in the first year after planting a given plant it bloomed, then the flowers must be removed from it. With the help of this procedure, the highest quality pear rooting will be carried out. Otherwise, the energy of the plant will be dissipated into the fruits, which will negatively affect its growth and development.
After one year, the columnar pear will bear fruit in small quantities.
The gardener will be able to count no more than five small fruits after flowering. This figure is the norm. An increase in the number of fruits on a given plant will be observed every year. During flowering columnar pear thinning of future fruits is carried out. This will allow you to get in harvest large fruits.
Columnar pear requires regular watering:
- To do this, it is necessary to make a small recess in the form of a ring around its trunk.
- Watering this plant is carried out in this depression.
- Thanks to this action, the highest quality watering pear root system.
Proper care of this plant is carried out in the form of a systematic feeding, pruning, preparation for wintering, protection from pests... The soil around the tree must be covered with mulch. This will limit the possibility of moisture evaporation from the soil. In order for the roots of a columnar pear to breathe, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil around the trunk. Also, this action will save the plant from weeds.
To ensure the health of the columnar pear, it is necessary to feed it in a timely manner.
Most often, urea is used for this purpose. This material needs to be taken only 10 grams and diluted with two liters of water. The resulting mixture must be poured over the tree.
The first feeding produced when leaves appear on a given plant. After that, the procedure must be repeated twice with an interval of 14 days. Caring for your pear is quite simple.If you follow all the rules of care in a timely manner, you can ensure a rich harvest.
Pruning
The first year of life of a columnar pear should pass without its flowering. This will allow him to grow stronger and provide good harvest for the following years. Next year, it is necessary to leave only a few flowers from the inflorescence, otherwise the tree trunk may not withstand the load and break.
In order to maintain the shape of the tree, it is necessary to produce it in a timely manner. pruning... The columnar pear, in the presence of a central conductor, has a healthy apical kidney. If this bud is damaged, then additional shoots begin to grow on the tree. The strongest is chosen from them, and the rest are to be removed. A clean pruning of the tree is not worth doing, as this will lead to the fact that the branches will grow as quickly as possible. On a young tree, the branches are shortened as much as possible. It is necessary to leave no more than two buds on them.
Pruning is done in April or August.
At this time, the columnar pear carries it as simply as possible. During the pruning of a columnar pear, it is necessary to eliminate all branches that do not grow up. This is because vertical branches can grow very quickly.
The pruning of the central conductor is carried out only when the ego is poorly developed. In this case, it is necessary to leave 2-3 kidneys on it. Columnar pears are trimmed with pruning shears. This procedure should be performed when the need arises.
Diseases and pests
It is important enough for every gardener to get a good harvest... Diseases of this plant are most common in the spring. Most often in columnar pears there is:
- In the presence of black cancer, rot is formed on the fruits of this plant, which has a black color. This requires high-quality cleaning in the fall.
- If there is a diseased bark, it must be removed. Damaged areas must be disinfected.
- In the presence of scab, the entire plant is affected. In this case, the only exception is the trunk of a columnar pear. This disease manifests itself in spots, which spread very quickly along it. In order to combat this disease, foliage is cleaned and burned in autumn. In the spring it is necessary to produce spraying plants. For this purpose, Bordeaux liquid or urea can be used.
- Powdery mildew affects the entire plant, except for the trunk. When a columnar pear is infected with it, there is no ovary on it and leaves and flowers fall off. To combat this disease, it is necessary to cut out diseased shoots in the autumn, as well as water the plant in drought. You can also use an appropriate insecticide.
- Rust belongs to the category of fungal diseases in which fruits and leaves are affected. In the presence of this disease, leaves crumble from a columnar pear. To treat the disease, it is necessary to remove the affected areas, and also use sulfur or Bordeaux spray for spraying.
- Columnar pear can also suffer from green aphids, pear copper and pear mites, leaf beetles, pear fruit lane. When appearing on a given plant pests it must be treated with appropriate insecticides.
Pests and diseases rarely affect this plant. When providing full care of the plant, the possibility of their appearance can be excluded.
Columnar pears are versatile garden trees that produce high yields without taking up much garden space.
These plants are characterized by ease of care, which allows the grower to grow them without experience.
More information can be found in the video.