Thinners for oil paints: white spirit, drying oil, turpentine and thinner 647

Selection of substance

Given the variety of uses for acrylic, the choice of dilution method and type of fluid often differs. Liquid paint is required to paint furniture or create decor. This approach does not allow to eliminate irregularities and defects. Water is more commonly used in this area, and solvent for alkyd paint should be avoided.

But we will pay attention to what kind of solvent to dilute car paint. There are 2 leading solvent types that are typically preferred by professionals:

Water. The liquid is part of the paint and in the correct proportion will definitely not harm the quality. The creation of optimal density is possible without the use of aids. The method is cheaper and easier to use.
Special solvents. If you make a choice of how you can dilute acrylic paint, except for water, you need to take into account the dependence of the quality of the solvent on a particular manufacturer. Usually, the recommended dilution liquids are reported on the packaging or official website. Such formulations are popular due to the ability to thin thick paint and additionally give a matte or glossy appearance.

If, for comparison, consider how to dilute alkyd paint, then only a special solvent is used. Many manufacturers make the formulation suitable for reconstitution with universal solvents, while others create specialty liquids and sell them separately.

Choice of solvents

Paints are divided into two types, used for indoor and outdoor use. This separation comes from the fact that some formulations have a pungent odor due to toxicity. There are several types of drying oil:

Natural - made from soybean, linseed or hemp oil. This drying oil is marked MA-021. Oily enamels based on it are suitable for painting doors, windows and other interior parts of premises, excluding the ceiling and floor. Application to these surfaces disrupts air exchange in the room and prevents moisture from passing through.
Composite (or combined) drying oil - is made by mixing oil with a solvent. It is designated MA-025. The finished mixture can be diluted with gasoline, turpentine, white spirit. Such enamel has a strong odor, and its fumes are harmful to health. Not suitable for indoor use.
Artificial varnish replaces natural and is designated GF-023.
Pentaphthalic consists of real oils with the addition of a desiccant, glycerin and phthalic anhydride. This drying oil is designated PF-024.

To properly dilute oily enamels, you need to familiarize yourself with their composition, and then select the appropriate solution that matches the type of drying oil. On packages with paints it is always written which solvents are suitable for this product.

Characteristics of some solvents according to their number

Due to the emergence of a large number of different types of multicomponent solvents, the most common and frequently used of them were assigned numbers. This greatly simplifies the choice.

P-4 is a mixture of acetone and toluene that is highly volatile. It is mainly used to dissolve alkyd paints, varnishes and enamels based on chlorinated polymers. Its use has a positive effect on the consistency of the coloring matter and its ability to form a film. In extreme cases, they can degrease the surface, but they will have to work very quickly due to its high degree of volatility. When working with this substance, it is necessary to observe fire safety rules and use personal protective equipment, since it is flammable.
Solvent 646 is a universal composition that is used both in everyday life and in industry. Its multifunctionality is due to its multicomponent, complex composition. They can dissolve the paint, degrease the surface, and wipe off the old coating. It has a yellowish color and a very pungent odor that disappears immediately after drying. When applied to the surface, it evaporates very quickly, and the paint thinned with it dries out too quickly. Sometimes this is inconvenient, and it is replaced with weaker solutions. But the dried surface becomes smooth and shiny. They can be diluted not only with paint, but also with some types of putty. Its affordable price and availability in any store made the 646 solvent the most famous and demanded.
RS-2 is a clear, pale yellow liquid based on xylene and white spirit, which also has good properties. It is used to dissolve oil varnishes, bitumen paints and pentaphthalic enamels. It evaporates very quickly, but is very dangerous. Its extremely poisonous vapors have a strong effect on the central nervous system, internal organs, respiratory organs, skin, blood and even bone marrow. And with prolonged contact with unprotected skin, it provokes a rash. Also, when its vapors accumulate in the air, an explosion can occur. Therefore, when working with the PC-2, you must be very careful, use glasses, gloves, a respirator and ventilate the room well.
RFG is a mixture of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol with butyl or isobutyl alcohol in a 3: 1 ratio. It is used to dilute primer paints;
R-647 is suitable for thinning nitrocellulose enamels and primers;
R-649 and R-650 - for diluting glyphthalic and nitrocellulose enamels, soils;
RKCH is a solvent for rubber-based paints. So toxic that it is necessary to work with it in a protective suit;
RS (1-2) is suitable for oil paint;
RE (1-4) - compositions for working with enamels.

Be careful, all solvents with a number starting with the letter "P" are industrial and therefore extremely hazardous to health.

Thinners for artistic paints

electrical insulating varnishes and enamels, organosilicon varnishes, epoxy resins.

According to the degree of impact on the body, xylene belongs to the third hazard class.

Xylene is classified as a fire hazardous and explosive substance.

Thinner for PVC paints:

Acetone

Acetone is used to dissolve natural resins, oils, cellulose diacetate, polystyrene, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride copolymers, chlorinated rubber, to degrease surfaces, to synthesize acetic anhydride, acetone cyanohydrin, diphenylolpropane and other organic products.

Acetone is a part of mixed solvents: R-4, R-4A, R-5, R-5A, 646, 647, 648.

For adhesive and water dispersion paints, the solvent and thinner is water.

For domestic needs, combined solvents are also produced (numbered: 645-651; RS-2, R-4, R-5, R-12, RP).

The most widely used solvent is 646.

Solvent 646

Solvent 646 is a colorless or yellowish homogeneous liquid with no visible suspended particles.

Thinner 646 is used to dilute nitro enamels, nitro varnishes, epoxy compounds and other paints and varnishes, degrease and clean surfaces.

Most solvents are hydrocarbon organic volatile liquids, flammable and explosive.

Thinners and thinners

Thinners and thinners, unlike solvents, do not have a dissolving capacity and are used to reduce the viscosity of thick-grated paints or dilute dry mineral pigment paints.

Drying oils and various emulsions are used as diluents.Heavily thickened primers, paints or varnishes are first diluted with a solvent, kept for 3-4 hours, and then brought to the desired consistency with a thinner or thinner. At the same time, their number in the paint and varnish material should not exceed 5%, otherwise the resin may fall out and damage the material.

Solvents and thinners are also used to clean old coatings from dirt, remove residues of organic lubricants and dirt from unpainted surfaces, wash brushes with spatulas and other tools.

When working with solvents, remember that the concentration in the air of their vapors, if inhaled for a long time, can cause dizziness and even fainting. The use of solvents for washing hands leads to skin problems.

The most harmful solvents include benzene, dichloroethane, methyl alcohol, trichlorethylene, chlorobenzene.

Driers

Sycatives are called compounds of metals (mainly lead, manganese, cobalt, calcium, iron) with organic acids.

They are added in an amount of 5-8% by weight to drying oils and oil varnishes and paints to accelerate the drying of their films. An excess of desiccant accelerates drying, but makes the film brittle and can lead to premature aging of the coating.

The quality of the desiccant is assessed by the metal that is part of it.

Cobalt (NF-4 and NF-5) and manganese (NF-3) driers have the best properties.

Ready-to-use drying oils, paints, varnishes, enamels, as a rule, contain the required amount of desiccant, so there is no need to add it to such materials. Do not add desiccants to alcohol varnishes, nitrocellulose materials, emulsion-type paints, paints and varnishes based on bitumen and pitch and other materials that do not contain oils.

The shelf life of desiccants is 6 months.

As a result of long-term storage, they can become cloudy and unusable.

Acrylic paints are very popular. They are often taken for decoration, as well as for artistic purposes. They are easy to use, and their low cost makes them fully accessible to anyone.

They can be mixed to create vibrant and rich colors. So you can achieve a huge range of shades.

It is also important to note the fact that acrylic paint is extremely resistant to negative factors, to weather conditions. It dries quickly, since one of the main components of such paint is water.

Acrylic paint is often used for interior decoration, for exterior decoration of houses.

It can be applied to various surfaces:

Metal;
Glass;
Paper;
Wood.

Such paint is sold in a thick form and therefore in almost all cases it is additionally diluted in order to make it suitable for work and achieve the most even coating. In its original form, it is used only for artistic painting on nails, since for this the paint needs a dense and with a good texture that does not spread.

Today we will talk about which solvents are suitable for acrylic paint, and how to properly dissolve it.

Solvent for emulsion and adhesive paints

Emulsion paints are divided into water-based, latex, acrylic, polyvinyl acetate and water-dispersion paints. They can be applied to concrete, metal, wood or plaster surfaces. They are non-toxic and fireproof. Adhesives are made on the basis of aqueous solutions of organic polymers, for example, cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, starch and casein. In their properties they are very similar to emulsion ones, but they are less resistant to moisture. Because of this, they are used for painting indoors in dry rooms. These types of paints and varnishes are practically odorless, and due to their simple composition, they can be dissolved in small quantities with ordinary water.

Dried acrylic paint can be removed from tools by simply soaking it in soapy water. For acrylic-based paints, solvents such as white spirit, kerosene, solvent and gasoline are suitable.

Advantages of oil paints:

Dense and clean colors. These paints are easily mixed, so you can get almost any desired shade and color, regardless of whether it is dark or light, bright or muted.
Unlike acrylic, oil paint stays damp on canvas for a long time. This allows you to mix the desired colors right in the painting.
These paints can be applied directly on top of each other in several layers.

At the same time, the paints do not grow cloudy, as happens with watercolors.
An equally important feature of oil paints is that it is very easy to correct mistakes made when working with them. This kind of paint can be easily removed from the surface of the canvas using different tools.

For these purposes, you can use a palette knife, spatula or ordinary cloth. If the layer of oil paints is already dry, a new layer can be applied on top of it.

Oil painting is one of the most popular types of fine art. This is due to the brightness and durability of the work. In addition, it is extremely easy and pleasant to work with this material.

In this regard, it is important to know how to dilute oil paints.

How to dilute oil paint?

When choosing a solvent, attention is paid to the purpose for which the paint is intended. The fact is that this type of materials includes two large groups, divided by field of application: 1

Solutions used to paint the surfaces of residential or business premises. For these purposes, traditional formulations are suitable, which are abundantly presented on the shelves of hardware stores. Although recently the demand for these products has decreased, in certain situations it is the oil solution that can be the optimal solution.

1. Solutions used for painting the surfaces of residential or business premises. For these purposes, traditional formulations are suitable, which are abundantly presented on the shelves of hardware stores. Although recently the demand for these products has decreased, in certain situations it is the oil solution that can be the optimal solution.

It is necessary to dilute such a mixture in the following cases:

The material is too thick.
It is necessary to install the base layer.
Painting is done on wood. A not too thick composition fits well on such a basis, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve strong adhesion.

Thinner for surface painting

Available materials can be used as a solvent for exterior and interior painting. Their choice is large enough.

Turpentine

This composition has a steady popularity in the dilution of dye products. For work with oil solutions, the following varieties are used:

Woody. It is made from the bark and branches of trees, rich in resin. The initial solution is dark, but after processing it becomes clear.
Turpentine. It is obtained by distilling the resins of living coniferous trees and is an essential oil. It has many positive properties, so the area of its use is much broader than its use as a solvent.

White Spirit

Turpentine can be successfully replaced with white spirit. The demand and popularity of these products is due to their wide distribution and availability. In addition, there are varieties on sale that do not have a strong unpleasant odor.

The work process when using such a composition is very convenient. The mixture does not evaporate as quickly as other solvents, which allows painting to be done without haste. Also, white spirit, when added, does not change the color of the composition.

Solvent

This thinner for oil paints has the number 647.The designation of products can be different and depends on the components included in the composition. It is not recommended to use solvent number 646 due to the presence of acetone in it.

It is not always easy to dilute oil paint with this substance: excess leads to a deterioration in the properties of the product.

Gasoline and kerosene

These options are recommended for use in the absence of other mixtures and only for outdoor use. A significant drawback of solutions is a specific odor, which can cause dizziness and poisoning. This is due to rapid evaporation. But it is kerosene that is the best solution when you need to dilute the old composition, which has had time to thicken strongly.

Drying oil

This is a universal solution, besides, drying oil is a part of oil paints. But it must be borne in mind that the diluent must correspond to the type of substance that is included in the coloring material.

To obtain the necessary information, you need to pay attention to the marking of paint mixtures. The following designations are distinguished:

PV-024. Such products are made on the basis of pentaphthalic drying oils.
MA-021. The composition includes natural linseed oil, which contains more than 95% vegetable oils.
GF-023. It is produced with the addition of glyphtal drying oil. It is an alternative to natural.

Correct definition of the components helps to obtain the desired result.

What solvents are

There is no universal solvent that would be perfect for every type of paint. After all, paints differ in their main components. Solvents are divided into several types:

Oil (gasoline, solvent, white-spirit, orthoxyrol), they are better suited for paints with an oil base;
Organic (acetone, xylene). They are popular because they are gentle with dyes;
Chemical. This type is marked: P-4, 646, 647.650. The increasing numbers mean the degree of fat content, the higher it is, the longer the drying process will take.

The main characteristics of the solvent for paint PF-115

Many people believe that the function of the solvent is only to make the enamel thinner, and it has no effect on the coating itself. In fact, solvents for painting PF 115 have an effect on the film coating and its further characteristics. How to dilute alkyd enamel, the choice of an inappropriate agent can lead to the fact that the paint will lose its properties, and the following flaws may also appear:

You get a poorly spreading mixture;
Bubbles may appear on top of the cover film and white streaks may appear;
A precipitate will appear, which cannot be dissolved in any way.

Dilute the paint if:

It has become too thick and difficult to apply with a brush or roller;
When the paint hardens, a solvent is poured into it and left for a day in a closed state;
If the spray gun does not accept the paint and cannot spray it;
To provide the coating with additional properties;
When the coloring agent does not adhere to the surface, it rolls;
They degrease surfaces before starting painting.

When the paint hardens, a solvent is poured into it and left closed for a day.

Usually, solvents are used for PF 115, such as solvent and white-spirit.

White-spirit cannot be said to have high dissolving qualities, but it is chosen because of its low harmfulness and attractive price. It is a colorless liquid, oily to the touch, with a pungent odor. Evaporates quickly, flammable. Retains the gloss of the coating. Suitable for dissolving, including highly thickened solutions.

It is chosen because of its low harmfulness and attractive price.

The solvent quickly evaporates, taking away its unpleasant odor. It can be either slightly yellow or transparent. Dries faster than the previous type of solvents.It is used in the same way as a cleaner and degreaser.

The solvent quickly evaporates, taking away its unpleasant odor.

Xylene can also be used, it does not have a strong effect on the enamel. The downside is low resistance to ultraviolet light, with it in the composition, the enamel will quickly lose color brightness. They also use turpentine and solvent 648. By the way, it can only be used with alkyd paints. Chemical solvents will shorten the shelf life of the coating and also destroy all gloss.

Xylene can also be used, it does not have a strong effect on the enamel.

In addition to the above agents, which dilute the enamels, there are special products for alkyd enamels on sale. An example of a solvent company "Mendeleev". It has the following characteristics:

High ability to dissolve substances; -
It erodes quickly enough;
The negative impact on the human body is minimal.

Differs in the following positive qualities:

High efficiency;
Acceptable drying time;
Creates a good viscosity of the paint, as a result it is applied easily and evenly, perfectly penetrates deep into the surface.

Creates a good viscosity of the paint, as a result it is applied easily and evenly.

Oil application technologies

There are three ways to paint wood with oil:

Vacuum impregnation. This technique is usually used in an industrial setting. Such processing requires special equipment, so it is impossible to independently cover the surface using this technology.
Soaking. The method consists in placing the tree in heated oil, holding it for a certain time, and then drying it. Only small wooden items can be painted this way.
Interlayer smearing. This technology is the most widespread. It is used for treating wooden surfaces of various sizes. This method is discussed in detail below.

The oil can be applied cold and hot. Application rules are the same for both options. The difference is in the temperature of the oil impregnation. In the first case, oil is used at room temperature, in the second - before use, the composition is heated to a temperature of 80 degrees. It is also necessary to warm up the surface itself with a special thermal pad, since it will not work to soak a cold tree with hot oil, the product will not be able to be absorbed and will remain on the surface.

Regardless of the chosen method, you need to paint the tree with oil in stages:

First, the first impregnation layer is applied. Apply the oil with a brush or cotton cloth in a thin layer and spread evenly over the surface.
You need to remove excess oil immediately, if this is not done, the impregnation will dry out and form a crust, which will then be very difficult to remove. To remove excess oil, wipe the area with a dry cloth. It is necessary to rub the impregnation until the rag collects the oil. If the oil is not absorbed and lies on the surface of the floor, you can take a rubber spatula and scoop the excess into puddles, and then collect with a rag.
Then the surface is polished with a soft cloth. After that, all wet areas are wiped dry with a cotton rag.
With the cold method of processing, the application of the second layer begins no earlier than 5 hours, in some cases it is necessary to wait up to 12 hours. It depends on the type of oil. The second hot oil treatment can be done after 2-2.5 hours, because it dries much faster.
Re-processing is carried out similarly to the first, each layer must be sanded. The number of coats depends on the condition of the surface, the type of wood and the type of oil. Usually 2-3 layers are sufficient.

It takes two to three weeks to completely dry the surface, the exact time depends on the combination of the above factors.

Applying oil to the facade of a house made of timber and logs should be done in warm sunny weather.It is advisable to prime the surface before this. Take linseed oil as an example. If the treatment is carried out with linseed oil, it must first be cleaned of impurities, since under the influence of solar radiation, the linen impregnation turns yellow.

Oil purification methods:

Using normal saline solution. To achieve a good result, the oil must be rinsed at least 5-7 times.
By mixing oil with lead salt and heating the composition to 60 degrees.
The addition of ethanol.
Photo-oxidation. The oil is boiled with water, filtered and kept in the light.

Impregnation process:

We remove the old coating.
We sand the surface.
We remove dust with a vacuum cleaner.
Apply the first layer of oil-turpentine impregnation with a soft-bristled brush.
After drying, sand the surface and apply the oil again.
After final drying, we process the wood a third time.

How to dilute oil paint?

When choosing a solvent, attention is paid to the purpose for which the paint is intended. The fact is that this type of materials includes two large groups, divided by field of application: 1

It is necessary to dilute such a mixture in the following cases:

The material is too thick.
It is necessary to install the base layer.
Painting is done on wood. A not too thick composition fits well on such a basis, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve strong adhesion.

To apply oil paint with a spray gun, it must first be diluted

In addition, it often happens that after use, part of the paint remains, which even in a short period of time has time to dry out. This is what dilution will be required for.

2. Artistic oil paints. They are great for amateur or professional painting, as well as for painting interior compositions.

It is necessary to dilute such compositions with greater care, therefore, special thinners are selected for them.

Professional thinners for artistic oil paint

Conclusion

All of these conditions are feasible when professionals get down to business. The company "Mater Srubov" is your reliable assistant in creating a high-quality and beautiful interior of a wooden house. Specialists of a high level of training will carry out any work on finishing inside and outside the log house. To leave a request, go to the "Contacts" section. There you will find all our coordinates.

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