Mortar consumption per 1 m3 of brickwork

How to calculate the consumption of masonry mixture for bricks

The amount of masonry mixture depends on several factors:

on the composition of the product;
the quality and size of the brick;
the purpose of the wall (supporting structures are made using compounds of a higher grade than interior ones);
masonry format;
wall thickness (the thicker the structure, the greater the consumption of the mixture).

To calculate the rate of consumption of the masonry mixture, you must first determine the type of brick that will be used for the construction of the conceived structure. Since according to the norms for the construction of a square meter of a wall made of a single brick, 0.25 m3 of ready-made mortar is required, and for masonry of one-and-a-half brick - already 0.20 m3. Accordingly, if the mortar is prepared for bonding building materials, then the consumption per 1 m2 will be only 0.05 m3. When calculating, it should also be borne in mind that more mortar is required to fix the slotted brick.

Photo 4. There are a large number of varieties of bricks for construction, based on the size and volume of the structure, the consumption of the masonry mixture is calculated

Calculations of the consumption of dry mixtures are carried out in the following sequence:

determine how many bags of ready-made building mixture of a particular type are needed to prepare one cubic meter of masonry mortar;
calculate the area of the structure to be erected by multiplying the length of the wall by its width;
calculate the volume of the proposed structure, for which you need to multiply its area by thickness. If the wall is one brick, its thickness will be 25 cm, half a brick - 12.5 cm. For example, we will give a calculation for a wall of 1 brick made of single solid products with an area of 12 m2: 0.25 x 12 = 3 m3;
according to the norms, 0.25 m3 of mortar is required for one cubic meter of brickwork. We calculate how much fixing composition is required on our wall of 12 square meters from a single solid brick: 3 x 0.25 = 0.75 m3. Should be considered. That this result is only approximate, since it directly depends on the experience of the master;
knowing the approximate need for the ready-made solution and its volume obtained from one bag of dry mix, you can easily calculate the amount required for the construction of a given wall.

When choosing dry masonry mixes, you should pay attention to the quality and integrity of the packaging, as this affects the protection of the finished composition from moisture and obtaining the final result.

Specifications

The technical characteristics of sand concrete determine the rules for its operation and resistance to external destructive factors. The composition and technical properties of the M300 mixture make it possible to use it both as a self-leveling mixture (self-leveling mixture) and as a repair compound.

Composition

Any variants of M300 mixes are gray. Its shades can be different depending on the composition. For such materials, Portland cement M500 is used. In addition, the M300 mixture according to GOST has the following proportions of the main components: one third of cement, which is a binding ingredient, and two thirds of sand, which is a filler.

Frost resistance

This indicator indicates the ability of the material to withstand multiple temperature changes, alternating melting and freezing without severe destruction and reduction in strength. Frost resistance allows the use of M300 sand concrete in unheated places (for example, in capital garages).

Frost resistance of mixtures with special additives can be up to 400 cycles. Frost-resistant repair mixes (MBR) are used for mixing building compounds used in the reconstruction and restoration of concrete, reinforced concrete, stone and other joints, filling voids, cracks, anchors and for other purposes.

Compressive strength

This indicator helps to understand the ultimate strength of a material under static or dynamic action on it. Exceeding this indicator has a detrimental effect on the material, leading to its deformation.

Dry mix M300 is able to withstand compressive strength up to 30 MPa.In other words, given that 1 MPa is about 10 kg / cm2, the compressive strength of the M300 is 300 kg / cm2.

Temperature spread

If the thermal regime is observed at the time of the work, the process technology is not violated. The further preservation of all the performance properties of concrete is also guaranteed.

It is recommended to work with sand concrete M300 at temperatures from +5 to +25? С. However, sometimes builders are forced to violate these guidelines.

Adhesion

This indicator characterizes the ability of layers and materials to interact with each other. Sand concrete M300 is able to form a reliable adhesion with the main layer, which is equal to 4kg / cm2. This is a very good value for dry mixes. To maximize adhesion, manufacturers give appropriate recommendations for preliminary preparatory work.

Bulk density

This indicator means the density of the material in an unconsolidated form, taking into account not only the volume of particles, but also the space that has arisen between them. This value is often used to calculate other parameters. In bags, dry mix M300 is in bulk with a density of 1500 kg / m3.

If we take this value into account, it is possible to draw up an optimal ratio for construction. For example, with a declared density of 1 ton of material, the volume is 0.67 m3

In non-scale construction work, a 10-liter bucket with a volume of 0.01 m3 and containing about 15 kg of dry mix is taken as a meter for the amount of material.

Sand particle size

Plants produce sand concrete M300 using sand of different fractions. These differences determine the peculiarities of the technique of working with a solution.

There are three main sizes of sand used as raw material for dry mixes.

Small size (up to 2.0 mm) - suitable for outdoor plastering, leveling joints.
Medium size (0 to 2.2 mm) - used for screeds, tiles and curbs.
Large size (more than 2.2 mm) - used for pouring foundations and foundations.

Mixture consumption

This indicator characterizes the consumption of material with a layer thickness of 10 mm per 1m2. For sand concrete M300, it usually ranges from 17 to 30 kg per m2. It is worth noting that the lower the consumption, the more economical the work costs will be. In addition, manufacturers often indicate the consumption of sand concrete in m3. In this case, its value will vary from 1.5 to 1.7 t / m3.

Delamination

This indicator characterizes the relationship between the lower and upper parts of the solution. Mix M300 usually has a delamination rate of no more than 5%. This value fully complies with the requirements of the standards.

Varieties of solutions

Depending on the intended purpose and qualities, all mixtures for brickwork are divided into universal and special. The first type is used in the construction of structures from all types of wall stone and their cladding. It includes simple cement-based mortars (with small additions of lime), complex compositions of Portland cements and polymer additives, and decorative color mixtures. All of them, in turn, have different characteristics of mobility, adhesion, thermal conductivity and water absorption.

Complex masonry mortars are represented by compositions with the addition of refractory materials or fillers that increase resistance to aggressive media. They are used in the construction of facilities with non-standard operating conditions: chimneys, ventilation ducts, industrial premises. As for the universal variety, all their norms and characteristics are regulated by GOST 28913-98.

Depending on the composition, there are:

Cement mortars for brickwork are hard and inactive, but with a strength suitable for the construction of structures with high loads.
Lime mixtures are highly elastic and warm (minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity), but rarely used due to their brittleness after hardening.Their compressive strength is 0.4 MPa, which is unacceptable for load-bearing walls. The scope of application is limited to interior work in low-rise buildings, these are rather general construction mortars, rather than masonry ones.
Mixes of sand and cement with the addition of lime milk in small proportions are universal formulations with excellent adhesion and mobility. But with all the advantages, they are not used when there is a risk of intense exposure to moisture on the masonry.
Cement-clay mortars are slightly inferior in strength to the first variety, but gain in elasticity. They are convenient in laying, but difficult to prepare: you need not only to purchase clay with a suitable fat content, but also thoroughly knead all the lumps.

The classic masonry mixture of cement and sand is optimal for the laying of load-bearing and foundation structures of houses. Adhere to the following proportions:

Recommended area of application

For the laying of furnaces and refractory structures, simple solutions are used, prepared by hand, based on clay or complex mixtures with cement, lime or chamotte chips. The water ratio does not exceed 0.25 parts of the clay volume. The exact proportions of sand depend on the fat content of the binder and vary from 1: 1 to 1: 2. When mixing cement-clay mortar, they are: 0.15: 1: 3 or 0.2: 1: 5, respectively.

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Consumption of the mixture for 1m2 of brickwork

The consumption of mortar for masonry depends on the type and thickness of the masonry, as well as on the brand of the mixture.

If the height and thickness of internal partitions and external walls erected of bricks are known, then it is not difficult to calculate the consumption of sand concrete required for laying the walls. By the thickness and length of the wall, measured in meters, we determine the area of the horizontal joints. The standard joint thickness between bricks is 12 mm (0.012 m). according to these data, we determine the volume of the horizontal seam.

Figure 1. Brickwork “in brick”. Also, this masonry is called "spoon".

Certain difficulties can arise when calculating the volume occupied by vertical seams. As shown in Figure 1 (“brickwork” option), in some rows the bricks lie along the wall (such a row is called a spoon row), and in the next laid out row the bricks will lie across the wall (such a row is called a butt row). The width of such masonry is 250 mm. Figure 2 shows a brick and a half masonry. The width of such masonry is 370 mm.

Of course, there is no need to count the number of vertical seams in a row. To account for them, you can use known sizes, for example, ceramic bricks (250 × 120 × 65 mm), which are the same for both solid and hollow bricks. According to Figure 2, it is easy to establish that when laying one and a half bricks for 6 bricks in a row, there is an area of vertical joints equal to 250 × 65 × 6 + 120 × 65 × 2 = 113100 mm2 = 0.113 m2. The area of the horizontal joint of the same 6 bricks will be 250 × 120 × 6 = 180,000 mm = 0.18 m2. Therefore, in order to obtain the area of vertical seams, the known area of horizontal seams must be multiplied by the coefficient K = 0.1311: 0.18 × 0.728.

Figure 2. Laying in “one and a half bricks”. The width of this type of masonry is 370 mm.

Let's calculate the consumption of the mixture for a wall 10 m long and 3.25 m high, laid out in one and a half bricks.

the area of one horizontal seam is 0.37 × 10 = 3.7 m2;
the area of all vertical joints along the length of the wall is 3.7? K? 2.8 m2 ;;
the volume of the seams is (3.7 + 2.8)? 0.012 = 0.078 m3;
the number of horizontal joints in the wall is 3250: 65 = 50;
the total volume of joints in the wall is 0.078 × 50 = 3.9 m3.

Earlier it was determined that 1200 kg of sand concrete would be required per 1 cubic meter of mortar. Therefore, on a wall measuring 10 × 3.25 m2, lined with one and a half bricks, 1200 × 3.9 = 4680 kg of the mixture will be required, or 117 bags weighing 40 kg.

For hollow bricks, the consumption of the mixture will be about the same, since some of the solution will fall into the voids.

Determination of cement content

It should be remembered that the mortar for masonry begins to harden quickly enough, so it is not worth preparing it for future use.

The necessary calculations are easiest to perform, taking as a basis a masonry of 1 m3; consisting of 400 bricks. On average, 0.25-0.3 cubic meters of solution are needed for laying it. Knowing this, you can make simple approximate calculations and determine the required consumption of the binder per 1 m2; walls of any thickness.

Calculations are performed in the following sequence:

calculate the area of the wall by multiplying its length by width;
determine the estimated amount of work on the masonry, multiplying the area of the wall by its thickness. It should be noted that the construction of load-bearing structures is usually carried out in 1.5 or 2 bricks. Their thickness will be 38 or 51 cm, respectively.Internal partitions are made in 1 or 0.5 bricks, which will be 25 or 12.5 cm.For example, we give a calculation for the construction of a wall lined with 1.5 bricks, the area of which is 12 m2: 0.38 x 12 = 4.56 m3;
the estimated amount of the mixture for a given amount of work. 4.56 x 0.25 = 1.14 m3; It should be borne in mind that the estimated need can vary both up and down, depending on the material used and the experience of the master. Therefore, the calculated amount is quite approximate.
knowing the required ratio of components, we determine the required need for cement: 1.14. 5 = 0.23 m3;
since the weight of 1 m3 of cement is 1300 kg, then in this case you will need: 0.23 x 1300 = 296 kg.

The weight of one bag of cement is about 50 kg. This means that you need to use 5 bags to build the example wall. Similarly, you can determine the approximate consumption of a binder for any brick structure.

Considering that masonry joints are the weakest point of the walls, the proportions of binder and aggregate must be strictly observed. A change in dosage in either direction can lead to the production of so-called oily or lean solutions. Their use will worsen the technical characteristics of the buildings being erected.

Varieties of solutions and their applicability

The connecting link between brick blocks is a mixture of a binder component with filler and water. The most common are 4 types of solutions.

Cement-sandy. It is diluted with water, its proportions depend on the brand of cement, the method of masonry. When solidified, this option is the most durable, but when deviating from the technology, it is prone to cracking;
Limestone - in it the cement is replaced by quicklime; plastic, but washed out by rains, therefore it is suitable only for the installation of internal walls;
Mixed - cement and sand are diluted with liquid slaked lime (milk of lime). The combination combines the best qualities of the first two options;
With a plasticizer - a polymer additive is mixed with cement and sand (fraction 2 mm) to increase the plasticity of the mixture. It is easier to make such a solution from a dry building mixture by adding water according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Despite the composition, the requirements for the quality of the mixture are practically the same. All ingredients are cleaned of lumps, sand is sieved, liquid lime is filtered. To prepare the solution, first thoroughly mix the powder components, then slowly pour in cold liquid (20 ° C) and mix thoroughly so that setting does not occur. The process is accelerated using a concrete mixer or a rotary hammer with a whisk attachment.

Mortar consumption per cube of brickwork

How much to prepare mortar for masonry walls? This is determined by several conditions:

the skill of a bricklayer;
the structure of the brick block - products with voids take more mortar mixture;
type of brick - hyper-pressed and face silicate absorbs mortar less than ceramic or ordinary silicate with a rough surface;
the thickness of the wall.

The average consumption of mortar per 1 m3 of brickwork with a standard joint thickness (12 mm) is approximately 0.23 m3. More accurate information is given in Table 1.

Consumption of cement for brickwork

The composition of the mixture for the construction of a brick wall varies depending on the quality of the initial components, weather conditions, and the number of storeys of the building. To mix the ingredients correctly, you need to know: a 10-liter bucket holds 14 kg of cement or 12 kg of sand.

The cement slurry is flexible in terms of proportions. It is characterized by the degree of strength: the less it is, the lower the required grade of cement and the lower its percentage (1 part per 2.5 - 6 parts of sand). For cement M400, the ratio of 1.3 is characteristic, for M500 - 1. 4. The volume of water (on average 0.5 - 0.7 l per 1 kg of cement) depends on the desired density of the mixture, the type of brick, the air temperature - in the summer heat, the solution should be more fluid. To increase its plasticity, experienced bricklayers add a little washing powder or dishwashing liquid to the water. For 1 cube of finished solution 1.4, 410 kg of M500 cement and 1.14 m3 of sand are needed. Knowing that 0.24 m3 of mortar is consumed per 1 cubic meter of an ordinary wall in one brick from a silicate block 250 x 120 x 65, the consumption of cement per cube of brickwork is determined as follows: 0.24 x 410 = 98 kg. Accordingly, when using cement M400 (proportion 1. 3) a cubic meter of the mixture contains 490 kg of cement, and 117 kg is consumed per 1 m3 of masonry.
The cement-lime mortar is suitable for use within 5 hours, and in summer at +25 o - no more than an hour, therefore, a calculation is also desirable for it. 1 cubic meter of the mixture requires 190 kg of cement M400 - M500, 1.5 m3 of sand, 106 kg of hydrated lime and 475 liters of water. For a cubic meter of masonry, an average of 46 kg of cement will be needed.

Cement consumption for brickwork during cladding

In this case, the developer is interested in how much the binder mixture will be consumed per square meter of the wall. It depends on the water absorption of the building material, the season of work, the voidness and porosity of the blocks. The norms are laid down in SNiP 82-02-95, but the real numbers are always higher, so you should buy a ready-made mortar or cement with a margin.

To save on consumables, 2 factors should be noted:

the larger the dimensions of the brick, the less mortar will go;
the higher the% of voids and pores, the higher the consumption of the mixture will be.

From this point of view, it is optimal to use ceramic or silicate double bricks of sufficient strength grade. This choice will allow you to achieve savings of 20% mortar mixture. Table 2 shows comparative data on the consumption of mortar per square meter of the wall.

Calculation of bricks per 1 m2

The system for calculating the number of brick elements per 1 m 2 conventionally takes the thickness of the masonry as a unit, i.e. laying of Lego bricks or other types only in one row. For example, the laying of decorative bricks can only be done in this way.

At the same time, the ways of laying bricks in a row can be different:

When the elements are arranged in a row, they are poked to each other, i.e. the smallest end plane, the number of pieces along the width of the wall will be minimal (laying in half a brick);
If you lay the elements on the pastel with a spoon to each other, then the cost of the number of pieces will be higher, but the quality of the styling is more reliable.

Having counted the number of pieces horizontally and vertically in 1 meter, the obtained values should be multiplied and rounded to hundreds (since brick building materials are sold only in hundreds). This will be the required number of elements per 1 m 2.