Veneer

Veneering with contact glue "Moment"

The master class was shown on his YouTube channel by Yegor Golubykh.

Preparatory work is performed on a wooden base before gluing the veneer. If the base is made of coniferous wood, then be sure to remove resin stains, in addition, remove knots. Recesses, cracks and chips are filled with putty and then sanded.

The veneer strips are laid out on a plane before gluing. Then their texture is selected and joined with adhesive tape. The veneer shirt is made 10 mm larger than the size of the base.

The glue is chosen depending on the condition of the substrate. Common PVA glue is often used, but it is only suitable for very flat surfaces. Good gluing results are given by Moment glue and other adhesives.

Materials and drawer veneering tool

First of all, a thin layer of thick glue "Moment" is applied with a spatula to the veneer

Spreading the adhesive on the veneer

The veneer covered with glue is left to dry for 10-15 minutes. At this time, a layer of glue is applied to the base.

Spreading the glue on the lid of the drawer

The base is also left to dry for 10-15 minutes.

The dried veneer is applied to the base.

Connecting veneer and backing

The veneer is preliminarily pressed by hands to the base and smoothed.

Smoothing veneer with your hands

At the final stage, the veneer is smoothed with a bar. At the same time, such efforts are made so as not to damage the veneer.

Smoothing veneer with a bar

Particular attention is paid to gluing veneer in the corners of the base. Remove excess glued veneer with a knife

Veneer trimming location

The surface on the box with glued veneer is sanded and varnished.

Contact glue veneering on video:

Birch veneer production

In the woodworking industry, birch veneer is the finest birch tape. The maximum thickness is 10 mm. Today this material is produced in several ways. During peeling, the thinnest layer is removed from the workpiece in the process of rotation, and in the process of planing, the log is fixed motionless. Rotary cut veneer is produced according to GOST 99-96.

However, before you start making veneer, you need to choose the right raw material - high quality logs. They should not have any flaws, for example, ingrown bark, cracks, many knots, a large number of resin passages. Because all these factors affect the cost of the final product, its pattern and shade.

In the workshop of the sawmill, specialists choose the cutting technique

In this work, it is very important to make the right choice of the optimal method, because the volume and quality of the resulting material depends on the cutting method.

Next, the logs are cut into ridges, the bark is separated, and foreign bodies are removed. After this, the ridges must be soaked in hot water or steamed. Due to such actions, the wood becomes softer and it will be easier to cut it. In addition, steaming makes it easier to give the future veneer a certain shade. The blanks are in the water for different times, depending on the type of timber, as well as on the planned veneer thickness. On average, the ridges are steamed from several days to two weeks. Only then can you start slicing.

The most common parameters for birch veneer are:

• grade - 1, 2, 3, 4, as well as residues and wane
• length can be up to 2100 mm, and width up to 2600 mm
• the thickness of the sheets is from 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm.

At the end of cutting, the material is dried. In production, various dryers are used, for example, KELLER roller brands, which have a temperature regime of up to 180 degrees. Such machines make it possible to produce veneer with a strictly defined humidity level - not exceeding 8%.Then it is folded into packs by grade and sent to the warehouse, or to the workshop for gluing.

The veneer is then cut with special scissors to obtain a size that matches the client's preferences. Such raw materials have gained tremendous popularity in the production of furniture and furniture blanks, in the manufacture of parquet boards.

The layers of peeled veneer are glued together to form plywood sheets. The birch plywood obtained in this way is characterized by an attractive, natural wood structure and a noble, rich wood color.

What is the difference between natural and artificial veneer?

• the pattern of the artificial material is characterized by fine structural notches that imitate the pores of wood. At the same time, they are strictly at an angle of 20 degrees, because they are applied using rollers located on the rolling apparatus. Regardless of the name, for example, rosewood, oak and others - the pattern will always be the same, regardless of the shade
• natural veneer has clearly visible growth rings that create the direction of the pattern. That is why a more varied pattern is created.
• the colors of the natural material are always more natural. To date, manufacturers still do not know how to 100% accurately repeat the shade even in the "Fine-Line" technology.

Experts advise to always find out from the seller the material from which the front and inside of a certain piece of furniture is created.

The main advantages of veneered pieces of furniture include:

• naturalness
• impeccable appearance, wide assortment. It is possible to remove the flaws present in the solid wood
• ease of production
• long period of operation. Objects faced with veneer are not subject to drying out, unlike solid wood. In addition, they are not afraid of humidity and temperature drops.

Advantages and disadvantages

Veneer is a thin cut of natural wood, not exceeding 3mm in thickness. It is widely used in the production of modern furniture, musical instruments, and is also used as a finishing material in the creation of fashionable interiors. The popularity of this natural material is due to the optimal combination of price and attractive appearance of finished products. To make it easier to make a choice, let's take a look at all the pros and cons that veneer furniture possesses.

The advantages of the material are as follows:

• a variety of colors and textures. Various types of wood are used for production: from classic pine to the most expensive varieties;
• it is a natural, environmentally friendly material. Veneer - a covering made of natural wood;
• ease of processing allows the use of veneered blanks for products of various shapes and configurations;
• relatively low cost. Veneer furniture is much cheaper than solid wood furniture, which makes it more affordable;
• excellent appearance - high-quality products have the correct selection of patterns, beautiful textures, which give the veneered furniture a wonderful appearance;
• practicality, resistance of facades to temperature extremes, high humidity. Veneer facades are not subject to cracking, deformation as a result of external factors.

The material also has disadvantages:

• veneered coating is afraid of direct sunlight: under their influence, it can change color;
• it can be difficult to pick up a pattern at the joints, because each sheet has its own unique pattern;
• capricious in care, excludes the use of chemical cleaners that can damage the surface;
• products made from expensive veneer options (oak, ash, beech) are not cheap.

Veneer: technology and methods of making the material

The word "veneer" in translation from German into Russian means "wood chips". This is a thin cut of natural soft and hard wood with a thickness of up to 3 mm, which is glued to the base using glue, epoxy resin or professional mortars. For the base, you can use plywood, chipboard or MDF. The last version of the finely dispersed fraction of wood is most in demand, since it is a dense panel, the service life of which significantly exceeds other materials. Chipboard is loose, so the veneered facade can peel off over time.

The use of plywood is not very cost-effective for kitchen sets, since such a basis is fragile. After gluing the panels and veneers, the facades acquire a solid look of furniture made of solid wood. Outwardly and to the touch, such an imitation is no different from the original, therefore it looks luxurious and expensive. For durability and improvement of technical characteristics, the veneered surface is opened with varnish or enamel. Such protection prevents moisture penetration and better protects furniture from the harmful effects of sunlight and mechanical damage, which is so necessary for the kitchen.

Veneered boards can look like solid beech, oak or other types of wood.

The history of veneer origin dates back to 1819, when the peeling machine was first invented in the Russian Empire. Later, the tool was improved by the Germans, and over time, new methods of extracting thin sheets of wood appeared. Veneered material is used for the manufacture of musical instruments, skateboards, for car tuning. Today there are 3 types of veneered wood according to the method of production.

1. Peeled. This is the most common method of making veneer using a peeling machine. After special processing, short logs are cut in a spiral. For a veneered board, the most attractive cuts with beautiful patterns are chosen, the thickness is regulated by the master. Such peeled sheets are usually made from oak, pine, alder, birch.
2. Sliced. For this method of planing, the most valuable tree species are used: beech, mahogany, walnut, Karelian birch. In the process of work, the wood is planed in different directions to make the drawing more unique and original. Depending on this, tangential, radial, tangential-end and radial-tangential veneers are distinguished. Such kitchen facades look expensive and aristocratic.
3. Sawed. Manufacturing involves working on a plywood saw. A lot of material is spent on sawdust, so the cost of veneered wood sheets is higher than in other options for obtaining veneer. Coniferous trees are taken as a basis.

Rotary cut birch veneer

Features of care and operation

At the end of the article, we will pay attention to the rules for caring for doors made of solid alder:

• Before installing the door leaf, it must be kept indoors for about two days. So the tree will adapt to the peculiarities of the temperature regime and humidity of the room. After that, you can carry out the canopy of the structure.
• Do not install alder doors next to a heating system or other appliances that constantly emit a lot of heat.
• It is advisable to process the door leaf with a special polish at least once a year. This will prevent the formation of cracks and help stop the development of existing micro-damage to the surface.

• Use a soft damp cloth or dry wipes to clean the door. Never allow natural material to come into contact with abrasive or chemical cleaning agents.
• Once every 3-4 years, it is necessary to treat the wood panel with special compounds to protect against insects. These formulations can be purchased at furniture or household goods stores.
• To preserve the beautiful appearance of the varnish surface and prevent its tarnishing, it is necessary to wipe the door leaf with a weak solution of alcohol once a month.The most optimal solution for use is a ten percent alcohol solution.
• After cleaning the surface of the product with a damp cloth, wipe the surface thoroughly with a dry cloth. This will reduce the amount of dust settling on the lacquered surface, thereby preventing clouding.

For an overview of an interior door made of solid alder, see the following video.

Some foreign standards for sliced ​​veneer

ITTO
International Tropical Timber Organization
Changing
the way the world buys veneer and veneer
products

Specialists in Veneer Equipment and Supplies
Hardwood
Plywood &
Veneer association

, including :

Made up
Abushenko Alexander Viktorovichfeb
2005.
Peace
wooden toys - electronic information systemTechnologies
production of wooden toys

What it is?

Veneer is a thin cut of birch. The maximum thickness of this material is about 1 cm. The color range varies from beige-yellow to light brown shades. Most of the raw materials for birch veneer come from Europe and America. Moreover, some trees can be damaged by pests, and this only increases the decorative qualities of the material and, as a result, its cost.

The veneer production process includes several stages.

1. Quality material is carefully selected. There should be no big defects on the raw material: diseased bark, huge knots, damage to the wood.
2. Next, the bark is removed from suitable samples and placed in containers of hot water.
3. Then, using special equipment, thin layers of wood are cut off from the tree and placed in a dryer.
4. After the material has dried out, it is sorted and sent to the workshop for gluing.
5. The sheets are covered with a special protective varnish, which reliably protects the product from external influences.

Birch is a very popular material for veneer production. This is possible due to the high indicators of decorativeness and quality, as well as the availability of this wood species. Birch is highly durable, which means that even thin products made from this tree can withstand significant loads. Birch veneer is a budget material, however, if it is made from Karelian birch, then its cost increases significantly. Products made from such raw materials belong to the premium segment and are among the most expensive.

Veneered wood sheets have good performance characteristics, but only if certain temperature and humidity indicators are observed.

Sliced ​​veneer production

For work, they choose only absolutely flat, flawless trunks, which differ in the correct arrangement of fibers and a shade typical for each type of timber. Before processing on a planer, an even rectangular bar is made from the selected tree trunk. The width of the timber will be equal to the width of the finished material, respectively, the greater the width of the workpiece, the larger the area of ​​the final sheet. Since the veneer strips are quite narrow, they must be glued using special adhesives or sewn together.

The latest technologies make it possible to ensure high-quality joining of individual parts without visible joint into large-format sheets. Large sheets are created from strips of the same batch to provide uniform color and an even, attractive texture.

Planing machines can contain two types of knives:

• straight
• wavy.

The most popular are straight cutting knives, which allow you to get even material with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.4 mm. Using wavy knives, a wavy veneer is obtained, which is characterized by a rather high decorative value. A similar material is used for finishing designer furniture and the production of interior finishing panels. Smooth sheets are more widely used, they can be used in the manufacture of furniture facades, interior doors, parts of the cladding of residential and office rooms. By changing the cutting angle, you can get sheets with a unique texture. Many experts consider sliced ​​veneer to be the best option for finishing furniture.

However, high quality planed sheets are not obtained from all types of timber. Deciduous varieties are best suited for this work, for example, birch, hornbeam, beech, walnut, aspen. In addition, sliced ​​veneer is produced from valuable exotic varieties such as mahogany. Coniferous timber is much less popular. Due to the fact that the finished product is completely natural, it fully retains the characteristics of the wood mass, including resistance to biological and climatic actions.

Classification

Depending on the method of obtaining the material, veneer is distinguished:

• shelled;
• planed;
• sawn.

Rotary cut veneer

Produced on special machines by peeling. Its thickness is 0.1-10 mm. It is a cheap veneer as it is produced in the lowest cost way.

Peeled birch veneer

To begin with, a blank is prepared - the tree trunk is cleaned of branches, twigs, etc. Then they place it in the machine. Further, the primary processing of the trunk is performed with a cutter: the bark is removed and the workpiece is leveled along the length. After that, a layer of veneer of the required thickness is removed along the entire length of the trunk at the same time.

The resulting semi-finished product is sorted by quality, appearance, etc. This type of veneer, in comparison with others, is not beautiful enough. Therefore, so that it can be glued to the door, it is processed, for example, dyed or hot-printed.

Sliced ​​veneer

It is obtained by planing bars perpendicular to the wood fibers on veneer planing machines, in contrast to peeled, which is obtained by cutting off the wood layer from a rotating log.

Production of rotary cut and sliced ​​veneer

Veneer is made from hardwood and softwood such as birch, maple, pear, elm, oak, linden, mahogany, etc. The thickness of the material obtained in this way is 0.2-0.5 mm.

Beautiful veneer for interior and exterior doors is made of twisted wood. In a twisted tree, the fibers inside the trunk do not run smoothly, but intertwine, forming patterns in the form of knots, bundles, etc.

In the production of veneer from such a blank, a layer is removed simultaneously along, across and at an angle to the fibers. This gives a beautiful pearlescent shine to the material. Karelian birch and sugar maple wood are valuable for such veneer. If you stick such veneer on ordinary wooden doors, then they will look much richer and more beautiful.

Sawn veneer

It is made by cutting blanks. Get a quality product with a thickness of 0.1-1mm. However, this type of production is the most uneconomical, since about 60% of the timber goes into sawdust.

By the texture of wood veneers are distinguished:

• radial (the pattern of annual layers is parallel lines that are located along the entire plane);
• semi-radial (the pattern of annual layers is parallel lines that occupy at least ¾ of the plane);
• tangential (annual layers create a pattern of a cone, angles or curves);
• tangential-end (annual lines create closed curved lines).

According to the material used for the production of veneer, they are distinguished:

• natural;
• fine-line;
• multi-veneer;
• eco-veneer

Natural veneer

Made from a natural solid tree trunk. At the same time, the structure of the tree is preserved. The cost of natural material is in the middle price category.

Fine-line veneer

It is also made from inexpensive and fast-growing natural wood species, but has a high porosity of the structure. The appearance resembles plastic. By dyeing, fine-line veneer can imitate natural veneer made from expensive wood species. This material is often used to decorate interior doors. It is made as follows. First, natural veneer is produced. Then the veneer sheets are dried, sorted and dyed in a certain color. After that, the sheets need to be glued together.

Fine-line veneer

As a result, the resulting block of veneered sheets is sent under the press. From the finished dried pressed block, very thin sheets of fine-line veneer are cut, which are glued to the surface to be decorated. According to its composition, it consists of 92-94% natural wood. The rest is glue and dye.

Multi-veneer

Refers to the reconstructed type of veneer, like fine-line. Geometric patterns are most often applied on its surface.

Eco-veneer

It is a polymer film with the addition of wood fibers. Its surface imitates the surface of natural wood. It is resistant to abrasion, changes in temperature and humidity. Veneered doors using eco-veneer are durable and do not lose their performance for a long time.

Eco-veneer doors

Types of material

There are several hundred species of wood suitable for making veneers of various textures, colors and textures. Materials can be white, creamy, light brown, chocolate, golden, caramel, purple, bright red. From cheap raw materials canvases can be made, similar to expensive varieties of rose, red, ebony. There are ways to make the surface look like marble or stone.

Depending on the technologies used, methods of sawing logs, there are several types of veneer:

1. Peeled. The cheapest, thinnest material, the thickness of the web is from 1 to 5 mm. It is obtained from round pieces of logs, which are rotated, clamped from the ends, into the grooves. A metal cutter removes the chips from the surface. Raw materials - birch, aspen, alder, oak, beech. The finished canvas is used mainly in the production of combined finishing materials.
2. Sliced. The thickness of the finished sheets is from 4 to 10 mm. It is obtained by processing blanks with special knives. The angle of inclination of the bars during cutting is different, which makes it possible to obtain plates with different textures and patterns. The following types of raw materials are used: cedar, fir, pine, beech, hornbeam, birch.
3. Sawed. The most expensive kind. It is produced by processing cubic or round pieces of wood with special saws. The resulting planks are 5–12 mm thick. A lot of waste remains, so the blanks are produced in small batches. Mostly conifers are used.

Sliced ​​veneer is cut by guiding the knives along the grain or at different angles. Canvases are obtained in several types, each of which is marked:

• radial (P): with a pattern in the form of straight stripes of annual growth rings over the entire surface;
• semi-radial (PR): the stripes are parallel, located on 75% of the sheet area;
• tangential (T): annual layers form a silhouette of growing cones or curved lines;
• tangential end (TT): on the surface - closed circles or ellipses.

The reverse side is different from the front. The "wrong side" is in contact with the cutting surface, has microcracks, is loose, less even to the touch. The front side is smooth.

Another of the varieties is fine-line. It is sometimes considered plastic, but this is a misconception.This material consists of natural wood, it is obtained by reconstruction: pressing peeled plates into large blocks, followed by cutting into webs. In the process, dyes and glue are used, which help to create imitations for expensive types of wood.

Production technology

To obtain the plates, high-quality raw materials are selected. Timber should not contain a large number of knots, resin passages, areas of deeply ingrown bark, wide cracks. Curliness is not a disadvantage, as they allow you to get a beautiful decorative pattern.

Preparation of logs includes removing the bark, cleaning the upper damaged layers, cutting into large ridges. Depending on the type of subsequent processing, the logs are divided into smaller fragments.

To soften the structure or correct the color, the workpieces are steamed for several days, or even weeks, then soaked in hot water. The exception is capricious breeds, for example, maple. There is a risk of losing the natural light color.

To get the canvases, the prepared wood is driven through the machines. Fresh leaves are dried, sorted, stacked and cut.

In the manufacture of fine-line, peeled veneer is immersed in containers with dye or etched with glue already assembled in piles. After a while, it transforms into a layered conglomerate. Then the glued material is placed under a high pressure press, where it acquires the required density. Then sheets are planed from the finished mass.

Fine-line is distinguished by high decorative qualities, is plastic, more resistant to moisture and temperature changes.

Classification

Depending on the method of obtaining the material, veneer is distinguished:

• shelled;
• planed;
• sawn.

Rotary cut veneer

Produced on special machines by peeling. Its thickness is 0.1-10 mm. It is a cheap veneer as it is produced in the lowest cost way.

Peeled birch veneer

To begin with, a blank is prepared - the tree trunk is cleaned of branches, twigs, etc. Then they place it in the machine. Further, the primary processing of the trunk is performed with a cutter: the bark is removed and the workpiece is leveled along the length. After that, a layer of veneer of the required thickness is removed along the entire length of the trunk at the same time.

The resulting semi-finished product is sorted by quality, appearance, etc. This type of veneer, in comparison with others, is not beautiful enough. Therefore, so that it can be glued to the door, it is processed, for example, dyed or hot-printed.

Sliced ​​veneer

It is obtained by planing bars perpendicular to the wood fibers on veneer planing machines, in contrast to peeled, which is obtained by cutting off the wood layer from a rotating log.

Production of rotary cut and sliced ​​veneer

Veneer is made from hardwood and softwood such as birch, maple, pear, elm, oak, linden, mahogany, etc. The thickness of the material obtained in this way is 0.2-0.5 mm.

Beautiful veneer for interior and exterior doors is made of twisted wood. In a twisted tree, the fibers inside the trunk do not run smoothly, but intertwine, forming patterns in the form of knots, bundles, etc.

In the production of veneer from such a blank, a layer is removed simultaneously along, across and at an angle to the fibers. This gives a beautiful pearlescent shine to the material. Karelian birch and sugar maple wood are valuable for such veneer. If you stick such veneer on ordinary wooden doors, then they will look much richer and more beautiful.

Sawn veneer

It is made by cutting blanks. Get a quality product with a thickness of 0.1-1mm. However, this type of production is the most uneconomical, since about 60% of the timber goes into sawdust.

By the texture of wood veneers are distinguished:

• radial (the pattern of annual layers is parallel lines that are located along the entire plane);
• semi-radial (the pattern of annual layers is parallel lines that occupy at least ¾ of the plane);
• tangential (annual layers create a pattern of a cone, angles or curves);
• tangential-end (annual lines create closed curved lines).

According to the material used for the production of veneer, they are distinguished:

• natural;
• fine-line;
• multi-veneer;
• eco-veneer

Natural veneer

Made from a natural solid tree trunk. At the same time, the structure of the tree is preserved. The cost of natural material is in the middle price category.

Fine-line veneer

It is also made from inexpensive and fast-growing natural wood species, but has a high porosity of the structure. The appearance resembles plastic. By dyeing, fine-line veneer can imitate natural veneer made from expensive wood species. This material is often used to decorate interior doors. It is made as follows. First, natural veneer is produced. Then the veneer sheets are dried, sorted and dyed in a certain color. After that, the sheets need to be glued together.

Fine-line veneer

As a result, the resulting block of veneered sheets is sent under the press. From the finished dried pressed block, very thin sheets of fine-line veneer are cut, which are glued to the surface to be decorated. According to its composition, it consists of 92-94% natural wood. The rest is glue and dye.

Multi-veneer

Refers to the reconstructed type of veneer, like fine-line. Geometric patterns are most often applied on its surface.

Eco-veneer

It is a polymer film with the addition of wood fibers. Its surface imitates the surface of natural wood. It is resistant to abrasion, changes in temperature and humidity. Veneered doors using eco-veneer are durable and do not lose their performance for a long time.

What is a sliced ​​veneer

Sliced ​​veneer can be made from any material, from any board. It is mainly produced from hardwoods such as: Oak, Beech, Ash, Maple, etc. But it is not so rare to see veneer and coniferous wood. Just like the planed one, they came up with a classification: select, natures and rustic. As for the board, you can use the terminology - tangent and radial. We have one position: natures, but if you wish, you can drive up and choose what you like.

Sliced ​​veneer specification