Rotary cut veneer, properties and characteristics

What is called veneer

Veneer is a German word for wood chips. Apparently, at the time the term was borrowed, they were synonymous. Now, wood chips are meant to be chopped up by chopping wood. There are several types of wood chips, the best of which are called technological. After additional chemical treatment, some of them are used in the production of wood fiber boards and shavings.

All modern types of veneer are obtained by more subtle mechanical methods of wood processing, for which special technological equipment is used. As a result, plates of small thickness and relatively large (for crushed raw materials) surface area are formed. They don't look like chips at all.

The advantages of veneered products are as follows:

• the coating has a beautiful pattern, which is further enhanced by processing;
• exotic wood veneer can be used to decorate a base made of inexpensive wood;
• with minor damage, the appearance of the surface is easily corrected by minor repairs;
• veneer allows you to restore old structures and products without large financial costs;
• a thin layer of coating allows you to work independently using ordinary tools.

When working with solid natural wood, you have to make great physical efforts, use woodworking machines and special tools, and working with veneer is much easier.

What is a sliced ​​veneer

Sliced ​​veneer can be made from any material, from any board. It is mainly produced from hardwoods such as: Oak, Beech, Ash, Maple, etc. But it is not so rare to see veneer and coniferous wood. Just like the planed one, they came up with a classification: select, natures and rustic. As for the board, you can use the terminology - tangent and radial. We have one position: natures, but if you wish, you can drive up and choose what you like.

Sliced ​​veneer specification

Sliced ​​veneer production

Sliced ​​veneer is produced by 2 methods:

1) Planing the board along 2) Planing the board across

When planing the board across, the fibers break, and the veneer becomes a little rough to the touch. But if you plan along the board, then the fibers do not break, the veneer seems to be removed with thin leaves.

We use the first method to produce our sliced ​​veneer. On modern equipment.

First, the board is calibrated to the required dimensions. Then it is soaked in bathrooms under certain conditions and to the desired humidity. After that, planing begins directly. The cyclical installation drives the board in a circle, and each time it “cuts off” a thin veneer sheet from it.

After gouging, each veneer sheet is dried and dried to the required moisture content, usually furniture moisture 6-8%.

The equipment allows you to make up to 10,000 square meters of sliced ​​veneer per month. The quality of the finished product will surprise you. In the production process, only environmentally friendly material is used, grades A-B (0-1).Raw materials are supplied from different regions of Russia, but mainly from the North Caucasus.

Veneer stitching machine

The veneer is cut on specialized machines. It has a rather thin and fragile structure. In order to finish the surface with veneer, it must be connected to each other to obtain a sheet that can be rolled into rolls. The veneer is connected in two ways:

• gluing
• stitching.

These methods are equally popular in furniture manufacturing. Veneer stitching is carried out on a machine or manually. For small workshops, manual devices for gluing or stitching veneers have been developed. With the help of a special device, the glue or thermal thread is heated, and in the form of a zigzag it is applied to the main side.

Today veneer stitching machines are small, stand-alone machines. Such a machine is controlled by one specialist. All work on them is done accurately, efficiently and quickly enough.

Hand-stitching is less and less common, mainly in antique, restoration and author's workshops.

Sliced ​​veneer

Sliced ​​veneer is obtained by cutting (planing) a bar using special knives on a machine, and the size of the veneer is equal to the width of the bar. Therefore, the thinner and more curved the trees used for veneer were, the smaller the dimensions of the pieces produced will be. For the manufacture of sliced ​​veneer, almost all types of wood, both deciduous and coniferous, are used. This technique is also suitable for processing growths (burls) of all types of wood.

Depending on the direction of planing relative to the tree rings of wood, a distinction is made between radial, semi-radial, tangential and tangential end veneers. At the same time, veneer made of pear, walnut, velvet and mahogany is not subdivided into types. For pine veneer, there are only radial and semi-radial varieties.

Sliced ​​veneer is a universal option for finishing furniture facades, because this technology is best able to convey all the richness and beauty of wood texture. Since the cuts can be made at different angles to the longitudinal and transverse planes of the wood, each veneer sheet will have its own unique texture. Sliced ​​veneer is folded into cantilever piles in the order of cutting the sheets so that later you can easily pick up any plane pattern - say, symmetrical.

What it is?

Rotary cut veneer enters the construction market in the form of a thin sheet of wood of a certain type. In the process of manufacturing the material, logs are used for production and special equipment for peeling: a peeling (planing) machine, a sharpened knife. The peculiarity of the product is that during the manufacturing process, the starting material rotates on the machine around its axis, and the cutting of layers is performed from the surface of the log in a spiral. Veneer is characterized by strength, plasticity, and most importantly - environmental safety, since no aggressive and harmful substances are used in the production process.

The thickness of the veneer can vary. The technology for the production of rotary cut veneer is quite simple, so it is not too expensive, and many manufacturers today make furniture using this material. It has a number of features, some of which are worth noting.

• Decorativeness.
• Small thickness.
• Price. Due to the peculiarities of production, the cost of veneer is low. Constructions made of this material are available to almost everyone. Of course, the price depends on what raw material the veneer is made of. For example, a product made of cedar or larch will be more expensive than a product made of beech or oak.
• Long service life.
• Wide range of applications.

As for the shortcomings, it should be said that this material cannot be used for outdoor decoration.In most cases, peeled veneer, if it is still used for external cladding, must be covered with an additional layer of paint. This increases costs. The peeled veneer manufacturing technology consists of separate stages and includes a production line.

Preparation of workpieces of the required length. At this stage, logs are selected, their surface is cleaned from the bark, all knots, growths, branches are removed.
Next, the workpiece is placed on a lathe.

Importantly, you can use both raw and dry wood. However, dry wood is less susceptible to peeling.
The cutting element is being adjusted

It is adjusted in such a way that the formation is solid in the process of removing the top layer from the log.
A rough initial treatment is performed: the surface is leveled.
At the last stage, layers of a given thickness are removed from the wooden blank. To maximize the width of the material, the layer is removed simultaneously along the entire length of the log.

After completing all the above steps, a tape is obtained - a semi-finished product, which is further processed.

What is veneer

The word veneer comes from the German - Spon, which means sliver, lining. Veneer is a natural natural material, which is a thin sheet made of natural wood of various species. Depending on the production method, veneer is called peeled veneer (made on special peeling machines), sliced ​​or sawn veneer.

Veneer is a natural material that is a thin sheet made of natural wood of various species.

Rotary cut veneer (thickness 0.1 - 10 mm) is the most widespread, cheapest and most affordable type of veneer for the consumer. Manufactured on peeling machines. For the production of rotary cut veneer, mainly wood species such as alder, birch, pine, and oak are used. The technology of its manufacture is simple - rounded short logs - the blocks are cut in a spiral, forming thin shavings - veneer of a given thickness.

Sawed veneer (thickness from 1 to 10 mm), made on veneer saws or horizontal saw frames. It is made from coniferous wood: fir, cedar, spruce. This veneer is of a particularly high quality and can be used, in particular, for the production of violin decks and other stringed musical instruments. Sawed veneer is a rather expensive material, since during its manufacture a large amount of wood is spent on sawdust.

Sliced ​​veneer (thickness from 0.2 to 5 mm) is made on veneer planing machines. Such veneer is produced mainly from valuable wood species, which has a beautiful texture. These are oak, beech, acacia, walnut, mahogany, Karelian birch, ash, elm, yew and others. For different types of wood, a different direction of planing is chosen, depending on the showiness of the natural wood pattern. The result is tangential, radial-tangential, tangential-butt and radial veneer.

Pros and cons of Karelian birch furniture

Furniture made of Karelian birch is rich in advantages, but it also has a number of disadvantages, the knowledge of which will be useful when choosing it at the time of purchase and in the process of further operation. Immediately, we note that such furniture will not fit into a modern studio apartment or a small city apartment. Such furniture requires space and will perfectly fit into the "antique" interior.

The pros of furniture

Furniture made of solid Karelian birch has the following advantages:

1. Unrivaled beauty, originality and uniqueness of the pattern, noble and presentable appearance.
2. Stylish versatility. An array of "Karelians" without modifications can be used to create Scandinavian interiors, in Provence, country and chalets, and with various additions (metal, leather and textile inserts, carving, other design techniques) in any other style too.
3. High indicators of hardness and strength, as well as resistance to cracking and the appearance of chips, which determines the durability of products.
4. Comparative ease of processing in furniture production.
5. Environmental friendliness, safety and hypoallergenicity of wood, the ability to equip children's rooms.
6. Versatility regarding the gender of the owner (suitable for men and women) and the specifics of the premises (residential or office).

Cons of furniture

One of the most significant disadvantages of Karelian birch furniture is the price. The material is rare and expensive, therefore, products made from it cannot be cheap (provided that they are natural and of high quality). In our company you can buy a variety of furniture of the highest quality at a very attractive price, and all because from the manufacturer without additional dealer markups.

The disadvantages of furniture also include:

1. A raw, untreated "Karelian" quickly deteriorates. Therefore, the entire work process (processing and production) must be carried out in the shortest possible time.
2. Karelian birch furniture can become damp from prolonged intense exposure to moisture (especially if the manufacturer does not carefully process the ends and joints).

Equipment

Regardless of the method of veneer production (sawing, peeling, planing), to organize production for its production, you will need:

• wood drying chamber;
• apparatus for determining the moisture content of wood;
• production equipment.

Drying chambers are expensive. The cost starts from 2.5 million rubles. Not having sufficient funds at the start of a business, you can order a wood drying service. The cost for 1 cubic meter starts from 900 rubles.

Devices for measuring wood moisture content differ in performance and functionality. The lowest cost of the device is around 900 rubles. The price limit for the moisture meter is within 50,000 rubles.

The cost of equipment for veneer production starts from 500,000 rubles. For example, a numerically controlled peeling machine from Chinese manufacturers will cost 495,000 rubles.

A guillotine is required for fine veneer trimming. With its help, the veneer is cut according to the specified dimensions, and the defective places are cut out. The veneer is cut straight and parallel. For the guillotine of the Chinese manufacturer, you will need to pay 1,300,000 rubles.

Types of material

There are several hundred species of wood suitable for making veneers of various textures, colors and textures. Materials can be white, creamy, light brown, chocolate, golden, caramel, purple, bright red. From cheap raw materials canvases can be made, similar to expensive varieties of rose, red, ebony. There are ways to make the surface look like marble or stone.

Depending on the technologies used, methods of sawing logs, there are several types of veneer:

1. Peeled. The cheapest, thinnest material, the thickness of the web is from 1 to 5 mm. It is obtained from round pieces of logs, which are rotated, clamped from the ends, into the grooves. A metal cutter removes the chips from the surface. Raw materials - birch, aspen, alder, oak, beech. The finished canvas is used mainly in the production of combined finishing materials.
2. Sliced. The thickness of the finished sheets is from 4 to 10 mm. It is obtained by processing blanks with special knives. The angle of inclination of the bars during cutting is different, which makes it possible to obtain plates with different textures and patterns. The following types of raw materials are used: cedar, fir, pine, beech, hornbeam, birch.
3. Sawed. The most expensive kind. It is produced by processing cubic or round pieces of wood with special saws. The resulting planks are 5–12 mm thick. A lot of waste remains, so the blanks are produced in small batches. Mostly conifers are used.

Sliced ​​veneer is cut by guiding the knives along the grain or at different angles. Canvases are obtained in several types, each of which is marked:

• radial (P): with a pattern in the form of straight stripes of annual growth rings over the entire surface;
• semi-radial (PR): the stripes are parallel, located on 75% of the sheet area;
• tangential (T): annual layers form a silhouette of growing cones or curved lines;
• tangential end (TT): on the surface - closed circles or ellipses.

The reverse side is different from the front. The "wrong side" is in contact with the cutting surface, has microcracks, is loose, less even to the touch. The front side is smooth.

Another of the varieties is fine-line. It is sometimes considered plastic, but this is a misconception. This material consists of natural wood, it is obtained by reconstruction: pressing peeled plates into large blocks, followed by cutting into sheets. In the process, dyes and glue are used, which help to create imitations for expensive types of wood.

Production technology

To obtain the plates, high-quality raw materials are selected. Timber should not contain a large number of knots, resin passages, areas of deeply ingrown bark, wide cracks. Curliness is not a disadvantage, as it allows you to get a beautiful decorative pattern.

Preparation of logs includes removing the bark, cleaning the upper damaged layers, cutting into large ridges. Depending on the type of subsequent processing, the logs are divided into smaller fragments.

To soften the structure or correct the color, the workpieces are steamed for several days, or even weeks, then soaked in hot water. The exception is capricious breeds, for example, maple. There is a risk of losing the natural light color.

To get the canvases, the prepared wood is driven through the machines. Fresh leaves are dried, sorted, stacked and cut.

In the manufacture of fine-line, peeled veneer is immersed in containers with dye or etched with glue already assembled in piles. After a while, it transforms into a layered conglomerate. Then the glued material is placed under a high pressure press, where it acquires the required density. Then sheets are planed from the finished mass.

Fine-line is distinguished by high decorative qualities, is plastic, more resistant to moisture and temperature changes.

Features of production

Why is rotary cut veneer considered the lowest cost? The answer is very simple: because its production requires a minimum of devices and materials. It happens as follows:

Prepare wood blanks of a certain length. For this, the cut trunk is cleaned of twigs, branches, and various growths.
A prepared piece of wood is placed on the lathe. You can use any wood for this - dry or wet.

What is important, it is easier to peel not dry, namely raw wood. The main thing is to adjust the cutting element of the lathe as precisely as possible so that it removes the top layer from the workpiece in a spiral, thus giving a continuous blade.
Rough and then primary processing of the workpiece is performed

This is necessary to remove the bark of the tree and level the surface - it becomes smooth, even.
The final stage is the removal of a layer of wood of a predetermined thickness. The layer is removed along the entire length of the workpiece at the same time, which allows you to get the material of the maximum width.

But the finished tape is still a semi-finished product that needs to be processed further. The main document according to which the peeled veneer is produced is GOST 2977-82, so it prescribes the following actions: the finished canvases must be sorted, taking into account the quality of the product, its appearance, the type of wood, the texture, then - marked, cut into pieces, jointing the edges and only after fix each pack. Moreover, not ordinary packaging materials are used, but special devices.

If it is processed into birch veneer, the material is obtained with higher aesthetic values. In addition, the production of rotary cut veneer comes from the following types of wood:

1. Buka.
2. Oak.
3. Ash.
4. Lindens.
5. Ilma.
6. Cedar.
7. Larch trees.

The more expensive the raw material, the higher the cost and, accordingly, the aesthetics of the resulting material. In addition, the further use of the obtained material depends on the type of wood used.

Varieties of veneer

In appearance, veneer can be:

Natural. The main feature is the naturalness of color and structure. The advantages of the material are environmental friendliness, a prestigious appearance, a peculiar texture. Products made from natural veneer are similar in appearance to wood. One of the advantages is the democratic price. Compared to a similar product made entirely of wood, the weight of a veneer product is much less.

Color. To obtain colored veneer sheets, an additional step is added to the manufacturing process. When painting and processing sheets with stain, you can get a large selection of colors.

Fine-line. This type is formed from softwood by reconstruction of rotary cut veneer. From raw materials of low cost, veneer is made, which in appearance imitates elite varieties of wood. The effect is achieved by pressing veneer sheets into blocks and further cutting into sheets.

Acceptance of sliced ​​veneer

The cost of sliced ​​veneer depends on the slot of the timber, the size of the knoll, the number of flaws. The veneer is accepted by a specially trained qualified inspector. For testing, three sheets of veneer are taken from the packs: top, middle and bottom. Experts determine the following parameters:

• appearance
• dimensions
• humidity level
• roughness
• waviness.

The appearance is determined visually. Material flaws are measured according to GOST 2140.

to determine the thickness, it is necessary to measure at three points evenly located along the length of the sheet at a distance of at least 25 mm from the edges, with a device called a thickness gauge. The length and width of the veneer is measured in the middle of the width and length of the sheet using a metal ruler or other measuring instrument.

The skewness of the sheet is determined using a square, which is superimposed on the adjacent edges of the sheet, and the most significant deviation of the sheet edge from the edge of the square should be measured with a ruler.

There are also certain GOST documents to determine the roughness and moisture level.

What types of wood are used

Lamellas and veneer sheets are used in various fields, the choice of which depends on the characteristics of the raw materials.

There are many types of oak, from the main parts and outgrowths of which veneer is made. The products are characterized by strength, high aesthetic characteristics and durability. Furniture, parquet boards, doors are trimmed with oak veneer.

Birch plates from Karelian species stand out from the general row with a non-standard, beautiful texture. They are suitable for any work with an estimate that allows the purchase of exquisite finishes.

The walnut look of veneer is characterized by increased ductility, which is useful for the production of handrails, handrails, and other curved parts of buildings or furniture.

For the decoration of luxury furniture, veneer plates from European or American cherry are often chosen, the wood of which has light or reddish shades of brown and a noble texture.

The increased strength required for everyday use is characterized by beech veneers, obtained both by steaming the wood and without it. The plates have a peculiar shade of brown, are well polished, polished, and take curved shapes.

The existing assortment allows you to choose any type of natural or reconstructed material that meets the requirements for appearance, strength, prices and the wishes of customers.

Features of the fine line

Products with a peculiar name, understandable to any person who studied English at school, really have beautiful lines on the surface.The material is made from wood waste, as a result of which its cost is more affordable than that of a first-class natural veneer. This type of veneer is also called reconstructed. Fine-line products are presented in an assortment, have a wide range of colors, and easily undergo further processing.

The technological cycle for the production of reconstructed veneer includes the following stages:

• removal of plates on peeling machines;
• drying and sorting;
• soaking with dye in containers;
• processing with adhesives;
• pressing;
• planing formatting.

> Thus, the products are shelled and planed at the same time. The moisture content of the material should be within the range of 8 to 12%. The types of reconstructed fine-line plates with a thickness of 0.35 ... 5 mm and a density of 450 to 600 kg / m3 are in the greatest demand. The final product has up to 94% natural wood, approximately 6% adhesive, no more than 2% coloring pigments.

Fine-line coatings can imitate the texture of any wood species, create textile designs, for example, a satin surface pattern. Fine-line veneer has great plasticity and heat resistance, does not react to humid air environment, and is easily varnished.

Sawn veneer

Sawed veneer is the oldest type of this material, known to people for more than one hundred years. In ancient times, sawn veneer made from precious woods was used to make inlays, and since real craftsmen were engaged in this, each piece with inlaid veneer was rightly considered a work of art.

Did you know? Sawed veneer sheets made from alpine spruce and maple were used as blanks for Stradivari and Guarneri violins.

Today sawn veneer made of valuable wood is not a cheap material at all. In the serial production of plywood sheets, veneer is mainly represented by inexpensive conifers. Among the hardwoods, sawn veneers are made of oak, beech, ash, maple and other types of wood.

Sawed veneer has a very wide application:

• As a top layer in the manufacture of furniture and joinery (as a finishing material)
• As a blank for interior doors and wooden portals (the practical equivalent of solid wood doors)
• Manufacturing of bent-glued products - stair railings, arched windows, musical instruments
• Facing of panels for the production of steps
• As a noble top layer in the production of parquet boards (doubles and even triples the life of the floor)
• Decorating apartment walls, finishing doorways and other design tasks.

In addition, with the help of sawn veneer, or lamella, you can perform a wide range of decorative and restoration work - to make caskets, boxes and other souvenir products.

Comparative characteristics of different types of veneer

When choosing which veneer is better, it is important to understand not only the differences in its types in terms of production, but also the differences in consumer characteristics. Compare the thickness range
the types of veneer discussed above:

Compare thickness range
the types of veneer discussed above:

• Rotary cut veneer - 0.1-10 mm
• Sliced ​​veneer - 0.2-5 mm
• Sawn veneer - 1-10 mm

As you can see, planed veneer has the smallest maximum thickness, but the most important advantage of this type of veneer is its unusually beautiful texture. Perhaps today it is sliced ​​veneer
has the most widespread use as a finishing material. Sawn veneer
high quality is a rather expensive material, because in the process of its manufacture a large percentage of the material is thrown onto sawdust. As for peeled veneer
, then it, on the contrary, is the cheapest, but, in most cases, requires additional decoration for full use as a cladding.

Our organization is engaged in the production and subsequent sale in wholesale and retail volumes.