Technical characteristics of facade water-based paint + painting features

Types of surfaces

Outdoor paints can only be applied to strictly defined types of surfaces and it is advisable to use the same paint that was applied last time. It so happens that it is difficult to understand what composition was used earlier, then it is advisable to use alkyd dyes.

Removal of the previous surface is strictly necessary if it crumbles and contains persistent dirt. Often the surface layer on the facade of the house has to be strengthened, cracked and covered with plaster. If a house on the first or second floor will be painted, a stepladder and a ladder must be used. It is not enough just to clean the surface, you need to rid it of bumps, from crumbling, it must be even and completely dry by the time of painting.

Of great difficulty is the combined surface, for the decoration of which a variety of materials were used. Sometimes only trained specialists can choose a solution (choose a dye correctly), it is impossible to do it on their own. In such situations, the personal presence of an expert at the facility is required; telephone consultation will not help.

Metal paint should be not only durable, but also resistant to strong heat, sometimes it is necessary to evaluate the resistance to fire.

Oil dyes are easily destroyed by moisture, for this reason, it is undesirable to use them for finishing metal surfaces. Alkyd paints are more practical, but one must take into account their increased toxicity and observe safety rules. The choice of paint should correspond to the architectural features of the building, the classic furnishings are poorly compatible with any design experiments.

The mineral composition fits well on concrete and brick, and if you want to make old facades livelier and stronger, it is advisable to use silicone dyes. It is best to apply acrylic paint on top of reinforced concrete or decorative plaster. Wood and metal are recommended to be coated with universal dyes based on various resins. Organosilicon compounds are preferred for walls adjacent to the carriageway, as they are not covered with dirt.

If wild stone or decorative plaster is used in the construction of a house, their texture should be emphasized by the selected coloring composition. If the exterior of the house is smooth, choose a textured paint that creates dramatic contrasts.

It is undesirable to carry out very active experiments with the coloring of single sections of the wall. Slopes and foundations, shutters, stucco elements, pilasters, arches and the main entrance can be distinguished. According to the designers, it is undesirable to enter more than three colors on one plane.

Manufacturers

Everyone knows that paints of the same type of various brands have their own quality features, so you should familiarize yourself with the lines of facade paints from well-known manufacturers:

• Caparol. A feature of this material is its thermoplasticity and low water absorption. Thanks to these properties, dirt will not remain on the facade;
• Alpina. A product with high adhesion, excellent hiding power and wear resistance. It is easy to apply to the facade. To give this paint the desired shade, it is necessary to use colors produced by the same company;
• "Olympus". This company offers products based on acrylic with quartz filler. Paints from this brand can be used for painting both interior and exterior walls.They are appropriate for use in rooms with high traffic, as well as with high mechanical stress;

• "Lacra". One of the best facade paints, which contains a synthetic polymer that does not react to water. Thanks to this, the product is evenly applied to the surface. The paint contains water. The composition can be used indoors and outdoors with high mechanical stress;
• "Tex". Differs in high quality. The paint adheres perfectly to the surface, allows air to pass through, and is resistant to high humidity. Mold and mildew will not form on the painted facade. Over time, the paint does not fade, and even after many years the color will remain saturated. Moreover, the material is resistant to severe frost;
• Terraco. Matt acrylic paint, which is very popular. It hides all surface defects, is elastic, and the wall covered with it is easy to clean. These products are resistant to alkaline environments. Its indisputable advantage is the excellent ratio of high quality and affordable price;

• Ceresit. Water-based paints that are odorless. They allow the walls to "breathe" and also protect them from mold and mildew. This material is a versatile material: it can be used on almost all surfaces. It is also worth noting its resistance to low temperatures;
• Akrial. A paint and varnish product that has received a huge number of positive reviews. This is an acrylic enamel designed for use in difficult climatic conditions, for example: at low temperatures, high humidity. Distinctive characteristics of the material are that it is possible to paint the surface in frost, as well as vapor permeability, resistance to sunlight;
• "Dali". It is used for painting buildings that require frequent renewal of the facade paint layer due to heavy dirt. This tool can be used at temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees. Odorless, UV-resistant, durable.

Decide on the characteristics that are important to you and choose the best facade product.

Features of water-based facade paint

Water-based facade paint differs from all others in that ordinary water can be used as a diluent for it.

After drying, an ordinary film is formed, insoluble in water and fully complying with all the requirements for facade coatings:

• Moisture resistance.
• Water vapor permeability.
• Elasticity.
• Resistant to sunlight, the ability to retain its color throughout its entire service life.

After applying water-based facade compositions, a matte coating is obtained with excellent aesthetic qualities - the surface does not glare, the existing irregularities (especially when using textured plaster) do not create the feeling of “ripples in the eyes”.

At the same time, the use of two or more colors for finishing embossed surfaces gives a lot of interesting effects that are possible only when using facade paint.

The absence of this quality will "prohibit" steam inside the material and will cause the coating to peel off.

Water vapor permeability helps remove water vapor from wall materials. The absence of this quality will "prohibit" steam inside the material and will cause the coating to peel off.

The implementation of facade water-based coatings for outdoor use is most often made in the form of a semi-finished product - a white base to be tinted in any desired shade.

This makes it possible to independently obtain the desired color and tone of the mixture, without wasting time on a long search for the desired option.

Water-based facade paints are produced on the same bases as any other types:

Features of use for facades

The mirror surface of the facade is achieved
due to coating with transparent varnish. Additionally, the surface is polished. Glossy
the effect of the composition is expressed by 5-10%. The applied layer must dry 100%
(other layers dry on average ½ day).
Failure to comply with the rule leads to the appearance of visual imperfections and
defects. Complex works on finishing the facade are carried out by the composition,
intended for painting plaster (painting). Dilute acrylic
facade paint, if it is thick according to the instructions on the package.

Consumption for 1 m2

90% consumption per 1 m2 - no more than 0.5 l, at
economical consumption - 0.2 liters. Departures from the norm depend on the number of layers
in the process of staining. Smooth and even, without distortions and grooves of the surface
reduce the indicator to 0.2-0.3 liters, porous and embossed require 0.3-0.5 liters of paint.

Composition and structure of acrylic paint

All binders are present and
adhesion enhancing substances. Colors (pigments with a specific color that help
in the formation of tone or shade) are included in all types - the exception is white
dye. To create the desired viscosity, the composition contains solvents, they
also control the density. Fillers add functionality. Supplements differ and depend on
purpose of the composition. The structure is homogeneous. It can be thick or runny. Acrylate
paint is used to color wood in 90%, as it allows you to pass
air.

Roller selection

The drum is fluffy or made of foam. He
helps to achieve an even application over the surface. Artwork
require the use of a tool with removable nozzles. Foam rubber with large
cells leaves bubbles. The pile of the main area is 6-18 mm.

Can facade paint be used indoors?

Facade types of paint are used only taking into account the composition that meets the requirements for interior work.

These include:

Binders. Silicone and acrylic varieties are suitable for this component of paints. For their production, synthetic resin is used, which gives them good quality and high performance.

Waterproof level. This indicator should be the maximum, since the surface also needs protection inside the room.

After application, it creates a layer of high density, which is characterized by resistance to any kind of stress, even mechanical. This allows the coating to look attractive for a long time.

The paints and varnishes offered on the market have a fairly high drying rate, however, this point should be clarified before purchasing.

Given the above, it is possible to designate some types of facade paint that are suitable for interior work:

How to calculate the expense?

If the type of paint and its color are finally selected, you need to calculate the consumption of the coloring composition

This is important both for independent work (in order to know how much paint will have to be bought), and when ordering the services of painters (in order to control their actions and not overpay unnecessarily)

• The rate of consumption of water-based paint is 0.3 kg per 1 sq. m. This means that for every 10 sq. m. m you will have to buy at least 3 kg of the coloring composition, it is better to purchase it with a margin. After all, the real consumption will almost inevitably be higher than the calculated indicators. The surfaces of the walls of houses (unlike those used in the calculations of manufacturers) are inevitably uneven to one degree or another, heterogeneous.
• Acrylic paint is consumed less than water-based paint (in most cases 0.15-0.2 kg per 1 sq. M). By increasing or decreasing the brightness of the tone, you can vary the flow rate. We'll have to come to terms, however, with the inability to determine the real consumption of paint before starting work. Only in the course of them does it become clear how much dye will actually be used.Having obtained the required shade with the help of one or two layers, 130-170 g per 1 m2 are consumed; if you have to add more paint, you can focus on the figure of 0.2 kg.

Oil paints, if they are thick, must be diluted beforehand

As in the case of acrylic compounds, when calculating, you need to pay attention to the required color saturation. So, when applying a small amount of green dye, you get a salad or light green wall

If the underlying layer is plastered, then the minimum consumption of oil paints starts from 0.15 kg per 1 sq. m.

Alkyd dyes are consumed in different ways, depending on whether they are diluted with turpentine, drying oil or kerosene. In most cases, painting the facade requires about 1 kg of alkyd paints per 10 sq.... m. Even if earlier it was necessary to use the same type of paints for interior decoration, it is impossible to extend this experience and the calculation for the decoration of the facade.

It should be borne in mind that paint consumption is reduced if the wall is very well and thoroughly prepared for decoration. Taking the time to close cracks and pits on the surface and waiting for the surface to dry is the best way to reduce paint consumption. If the wall is covered with rust, microscopic fungi, this significantly increases the cost of repairs.

Consumption

If you plan to paint a large area, then it is best to buy the material with a margin, taking into account the consumption per 1 sq. m. Products from one manufacturer will definitely be the same shades. If you do not have enough money, you should not buy paint from another company - you may not guess with the color. As a result, the facade will look ridiculous.

To calculate the required amount of material, you need to multiply the height of the wall by its width, and then subtract the area of ​​the sections that will not be painted. As you know, all values ​​need to be rounded, and in this case it is necessary to do it upwards.

Also, consumption is influenced by such nuances as the type of surface to be treated and the hiding power of the composition. The manufacturer indicates the information on the last property on the bank.

Paint consumption is:

• for painting flat non-absorbent surfaces - from 6 to 8 sq. m per kg;
• for coloring an absorbent surface with defects - from 5 to 7 sq. m per kg.

Water-based paint is in demand today. When painted in two layers, its consumption is about 300 g per 1 sq. m. One layer will dry for about an hour. In addition, such paints are odorless, and you can easily clean the surface of them.

Varieties and specifications

Common to all water-based paints is
water base and emulsion type of coloring pigment. Distinguish paints by
binder composition that provides the desired performance for
specific application. The most common types of water-based
paints are:

• acrylic;
• silicone;
• silicate;
• mineral;
• latex.

The paint consists of purified water carrying
the role of a solvent, a coloring filler containing one of the above
bases, as well as various plasticizers and additives.

In addition to the binder, the main distinguishing
characteristics of paints are:

• water permeability;
• density;
• application area.

For quick drying of the paint after application,
use special hardeners. Depending on the expected conditions
work, thickeners or additives based on antifreeze are added to the composition.

VEAK

VEAK 1180 paint is one of the most
common varieties of water-based paints. This type of paint
produced in accordance with GOST 28196-89, according to the requirements of which, all products
meets the following characteristics:

It is an acrylic based paint used
for interior finishing works. All paint of this type is exceptionally white, but, due to the possibility of tinting, it can
acquire any color and shade.

Water-based acrylic

Acrylic based paints are versatile,
and include a whole group of varieties, classified according to OKPD 2 number 20.30.11.120. This paint is used
indoors and in the production of facade work. At the same time, the acrylic base
is the most expensive of water-based paints.

Acrylic paint is very durable, lifespan
ranges from 5 to 20 years. The paint is applied to almost any surface,
evenly distributed over the plane. Once dry, the paint creates a fairly
dense layer, poorly permeable to air and other substances. Also strong
the advantage of this base is considered to be high frost resistance and resistance to
temperature drops.

Latex

Latex paint contains
rubber that gives elasticity to the applied layer. This kind also applies as
inside and outside the premises. There are different types of paint, and it is not divided
only according to the field of application, but also according to the characteristics of the finished surface with
gloss point of view. Distinguish:

• CM is completely matte;
• M matte;
• MP is half matte;
• PG is half glossy;
• G glossy;
• SG is completely glossy.

This type of paint is used to create
volumetric texture of the painted surface. Like acrylic paint, latex
calmly transfers contact with water after the surface is completely dry.

For concrete for outdoor use

Majority
water-based paints for outdoor use are created on the basis of acrylic, latex
or silicate, including for concrete work.
Such coatings are not only decorative, but also protect concrete from
moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

The paint lays down in a dense layer and fills everything
small irregularities in the surface, forming an even, uniform layer. Facade paint
for concrete must have the following characteristics:

• high adhesion rate, then
  there is "sticking" to the surface;
• strong moisture resistance;
• high abrasion;
• UV resistance;
• vapor permeability, for the possibility
  evaporation of water and other substances from concrete;
• high resistance to dirt.

For outdoor woodwork

For these types of work, paint requirements
will be even tougher, because wood, unlike concrete, is subject to decay. If
use paint that is permeable or even more absorbing water, then the surface
will quickly become unusable, and this will affect not only the appearance, but also
strength in the structure as a whole.

The general characteristics of the paints will be the same
as for concrete, but paints specially formulated for wood are easier to apply and will hold better. Today
there are water-based coatings with antifungal additives that allow
create additional protection.

Views

There are a huge number of types of coloring materials for facades. They differ in quality. Before painting the facade, you need to carefully study the types in order to choose the most suitable material. The most popular are the following varieties:

• Vinyl. When used in finishing works, such water-based paints are diluted with water. The indisputable advantage of this material is its affordable cost, but the quality is far from the best. Often under the influence of chemicals, from mechanical stress, the paint deteriorates. In addition, mold can form on the painted surface;
• Perchlorovinyl. Well protects the surface from moisture.This tool has the following technical characteristics: viscosity - 30-45 s, the material dries no more than a day, paint consumption - 270 g / sq. m;

• Acrylic (latex). They meet all reliability requirements. This material is distinguished by its low water resistance, so the surface will remain intact for a long time, it will not get dirty. The advantages of rubber paints also include the tightness and elasticity of the applied layers. The brightness of the painted surface remains unchanged for many years, such a cladding does not fade under the influence of sunlight;
• Silicone. They are divided into three types: organosilicon, silane, siloxane. Moisture that gets on surfaces painted with silicone paints does not penetrate inside, but simply flows down the walls. Moreover, these materials increase the strength and durability of the facade. Silicone solutions also boast excellent adhesion;

• Calcareous. Such paints must be diluted with water before use. They do not contain organic resins, but there are substances that disinfect the surface. This prevents mold or mildew from forming on the facades. More often than others, white lime paints are found;
• Silicate. They differ in simple composition, durability and wear resistance. On such a surface, fungus and mold are not formed. If you start a renovation, keep in mind that it will be difficult to remove such paint;
• Silicate ash. Silicone resins are added to the composition. Such solutions are easily applied to the surface, they are resistant to high humidity, and have good vapor permeability. Experts recommend using this decorative paint on the facades of buildings covered with dry cement or lime-cement plaster;

• Cement. These materials must be diluted with water before painting. The composition contains a binding element - white Portland cement with polymer additives. Has good vapor permeability;
• Oil. Suitable for painting wood. A characteristic feature is the presence of natural and artificial drying oils and dyes in the composition. In some cases, such paints are used for interior work. They protect the tree from rotting and moisture;
• Dispersive. They are produced on the basis of an aqueous dispersion. They are not resistant to weather conditions and mechanical damage. Such paints and varnishes are not at all popular, since they do not prevent the appearance of mold and mildew.

Decorating the facade with some paint is a great solution. This will make the surface brighter and more "lively".

Application technology

Facade painting
water-based paint, like any other surface,
starts with preparation. It is necessary to clean the painted surface from
dirt and moisture, remove all lagging elements and putty the existing
cracks. It will not be superfluous to pre-treat the surface with soil, this will help
reduce paint consumption and improve surface structure.

After completing the surface preparation and
materials, you need to apply the first coat of paint. Minimum operating temperature with
water-based paint + 5 ° С, optimal from +18 to + 25 ° С. With less
temperature increases the viscosity of the paint, which interferes with uniform application and
may affect the final quality of the work. At a higher temperature than
recommended, the paint will dry faster than necessary, which will
impede the uniformity of application.

Under ideal conditions, the next coat can be
apply after 1 hour after applying the first one. Better not to rush, and if there is
doubts about the drying of the paint, wait a little more. Application in 3 or more is possible
layers, especially if the paint is light, and the painted surface
dark.

Criterias of choice

Before buying a paint and varnish material, you need to carefully study all its characteristics in order to choose the best

Most buyers pay attention only to decorative properties and completely forget about other parameters. The durability and quality of the paint depends on the following characteristics:

• Lightfastness. This factor is important, because under the influence of sunlight, many paints lose their attractive appearance. Do not choose too bright colors, as muted tones are more resistant to fading. Particularly stable dyes have a special marking on the packaging, which allows you to quickly select the appropriate material;
• Water vapor permeability. This property of the coating means its ability to transmit water vapor. The minimum moisture allows the coating to adhere better, retaining its rich shade for many years. Some manufacturers produce paints that allow fumes to pass only from the inside to the outside;

• Resistant to flaking and blistering. These characteristics are related to the adhesion of the coating to the façade. In this case, much attention must be paid to cleaning the surface, as well as adhering to the staining technology;
• Resistance to negative environmental influences;
• Abrasion resistance. This factor determines the number of cleaning and cleaning cycles that the paint can withstand. The type of cleaning is also taken into account: dry or wet. The higher the value, the better the product, the longer it will last. This property is determined by laboratory research.

Compliance with the above criteria, as well as the high quality of the material, must be confirmed by certificates. When choosing a topcoat, it is imperative to take into account the technical characteristics, for example: consumption, drying speed, thixotropy, hiding power. These properties are indicated on the bank, so that they are always available for review.

Also, do not forget that not all paints are universal. So, for some surfaces, only specific paints and varnishes are suitable. For example, for finishing a facade made of stone, it is worth using cement-lime coatings.

Varieties of facade paints

Paint for facade work is divided into types according to the composition and amount of the binder. Enamels are produced on the basis of lime, drying oil, silicone, acrylic. The first dye is used to restore buildings. Buildings with limestone cladding are painted with enamel. Buildings with a limestone base are covered with acrylic paint. These are buildings made of bricks, concrete or plastered walls. Silicate bricks or walls, which were previously treated with organic dyes, are coated with silicone compounds. Varnish-based enamels are used to protect against decay and destruction of wooden surfaces.

For the facades of houses, it is recommended to use latex, water-based, rubber, silicone, textured, silicate, acrylic special materials.

Silicate

The rating of facade paints is headed by this special material, which is developed on the basis of liquid glass. This is a mineral composition that is made on the basis of natural dyes, which ensures the safety of its use. After application, the composition retains its original appearance for many years. The paint is characterized by:

• Biological resistance;
• Resistance to impacts
  the environment;
• Resistant to deformation;
• Water vapor permeability.

Lack of paint is additional
waste during application, as protective agents are used. Special material not
washed off and unstable to mechanical influences.

Lime

Paints based on slaked lime are produced. The enamel is resistant to mold, vapor permeable. It has a low cost, which guarantees its availability. Before choosing a special material, it is recommended to determine its shortcomings. Enamel lends itself to rainfall and gets dirty, which shortens its useful life.Lime paints are limited in color. Tinting of special materials is not a way out of the situation, since when exposed to precipitation, stains appear.

Cement

Special materials are produced based on Portland cement, to which a coloring pigment is added. The technical characteristics of the special material are similar to those of lime enamel. An additional disadvantage of the cement composition is the instability to the effects of bacteria. The advantage of cement-based paint is that it resists precipitation.

Acrylic

Enamels are produced on the basis of acrylic resins and
characterized by a variety of color solutions. They are resistant to
mechanical stress and do not wipe off, therefore, retain aesthetic
quality for a long period. The elasticity of the composition guarantees its simplicity
application. They have a low level of water absorption, which excludes
the occurrence of mold and mildew. Enamels have a low level of vapor permeability
and have a high cost.

Silicone

The structure of silicone compounds
water emulsion. Silicone-based enamel is being developed, therefore it has
water-repellent properties. It is characterized by:

• Vapor permeability;
• Resistant to precipitation;
• Elasticity;
• UV resistance;
• Lack of statistical
  attraction.

With the use of silicone composition, professional painting of building facades is carried out. The disadvantage of special material is its high cost, which is justified by the duration of its operation.

What is water-based paint

Water-based paint is a variety
paints in which water is used as a base. Distilled purified
water performs a binding function, combining coloring and film-forming
components of the emulsion.

There is an opinion that this type of paint,
after application can be easily washed off with water. This is not entirely true. There are varieties
which do dissolve in water and after drying, but most
paints are sensitive to water only until completely dry.

Water plays its part as a connecting link
only before applying paint to the surface. Then it evaporates, and the remaining
the layer hardens and stops responding to contact with water.

Tips & Tricks

You need to know the following:

According to professionals, the facade should be painted taking into account whether it is located on the sunny or shady side of the site. In these two cases, completely different tones are preferred and the same color is categorically unacceptable.

You can also pay attention to the correspondence of the color of the walls to the tone of the roof. If the upper part of the building will soon be updated, it is more correct to select its color simultaneously with the selection of the tone for the walls.
So that you do not have to wash off, clean off the applied layer of paint once again, spend time and money on experiments again and again, it is better to carry out experiments with photographs (paper, even better - electronic)

Even for smartphones, there are many applications that allow you to find out exactly what a particular color will look like in reality.

• When choosing paint for external walls, you need to take into account those points that are not significant inside the room. Thus, thermoplastic dyes soften under the influence of sunlight. And if you apply dispersion paint, you may encounter the emergence of moss thickets on the surface of the wall. Silicate coatings become softer when heated, begin to stick: as a result, the facade of the house becomes covered with dust, which is rather difficult to remove.
• If one of the sides of the house could not be immediately brought to perfection, you cannot rush and take on the next one. Correcting a small area is easier and easier than repainting the entire structure. It is unacceptable to paint in rainy or frosty weather. It is best to wait a while after any precipitation has fallen and paint the already dried wall.If it was previously found that the acidity of the wall is increased and this will lead in the future to accelerated deterioration of the paint, it is required to thoroughly impregnate and strengthen the base.

High-quality preparation for painting also implies:

1. elimination of all greasy, shiny stains and rust stains;
2. removing any screws and nails;
3. plastering.

To eliminate dirty stains, it is worth using a spatula and a metal brush. An alternative option is to blow the walls with compressed air. To increase grip, it is required to rub the surface with sandpaper. Smooth facades are coated with primers with the addition of fine quartz sand. Checking the integrity of the facades is carried out using wooden hammers, the slightest bulges or cracks must be repaired immediately, this increases the durability of the coating.

If you have to carry out painting work at a height, you need to very carefully prepare the tools (ladders, stepladders) and check them before lifting. It is advisable to involve an assistant, he will not only speed up the work (supplying paint and a brush, taking them back), but also ensure safety, help in the event of an accident.

Differences from other facade paints, for which surfaces it is suitable

The main distinguishing feature of silicate facade paints from other types is an increased moisture resistance, as well as ensuring the vapor permeability of the painted coating.

Silicate enamels are transparent, unlike other types, they have a high rate of fire resistance.

Liquid glass in the mixture is also a distinctive component of this material. Silicate compositions should be thoroughly mixed before use and during work, some types do not require additional dissolution or mixing with water.

The material for applying silicate coloring compositions is different, the main thing is that the surface is on a mineral basis: ceramics, brick, concrete, glass, slate, stone. Adhesion to this kind of base is provided most efficiently due to the formation of a stable chemical compound with the materials.

Such paints cannot be applied to walls previously treated with glue or vitriol compounds: in this case, peeling of the painted layer is possible.