Advantages and disadvantages
High consumer demand for blind rivets is due to a number of indisputable advantages of these hardware.
- The ease of installation is due to the need to access the connection only from the front side. This favorably distinguishes these hardware from threaded nuts, for the installation of which access is required from both sides. In addition, threaded fasteners tend to loosen and loosen over time.
- The low cost of blind rivets makes it possible to form a reliable and durable fastener without saving on material.
- A wide range of standard sizes greatly facilitates the choice of fasteners.
- The ability to combine materials of different structure and properties significantly expands the scope of hardware.
- High strength and durability of the connection. Subject to the rules of installation and careful operation, the service life of the rivets is equal, and sometimes even exceeds the service life of the fastened parts.
The disadvantages include the need for pre-drilling, non-separable connection and the application of significant efforts when riveting by hand. In addition, the models are disposable and cannot be reused.
What material should the rivet be of
Rivets are usually taken from the same material as the parts to be joined - this avoids electrochemical corrosion
Pay attention to the strength characteristics. But, as a rule, when connecting aluminum parts, the strength of aluminum hardware is sufficient
In general, rivets are made from the following metals:
- steel:
- ordinary - grades St2, St3, St10;
- corrosion-resistant Х18Н9Т;
-
galvanized;
- alloyed (stainless) - 9G2, 304, 316.
- copper MT and M3;
- aluminum alloys (more often AD1, D18);
- aluminum-magnesium (AlMg2.5; AlMg5; AlMg3),
- brass (L63).
When connecting copper parts, the installation of brass and copper is permissible. Aluminum is bonded with aluminum alloys. Steel sheets - corresponding grades of steel rivets. There are also mixed hardware - from two different metals (chemically non-conflicting). Most often, there are aluminum-steel.
For the installation of facade elements, slopes, ebbs, metal tiles and profiled sheets, blind rivets made of galvanized painted steel are usually used. Coloring - in tone with the details.
Metal riveting
The metal riveting process consists of two stages: the preparatory and the actual installation of hardware. Preparation - drilling holes, if necessary countersinking for countersunk heads
Please note that countersunk heads can be on one (either) side or on two
The riveting process itself is as follows:
- insert a rivet;
- pull off the parts to be connected;
- form a closing head with a tool;
- check and strip the connection.
This is how the blind rivets are installed.
With a good instrument, work goes quickly. For private use and one-time work, manual riveters are usually used. And even with them, the process itself (without drilling holes) takes a matter of seconds. If we talk about installing a profiled sheet or metal tile, it is recommended to coat each hole made with paint - to prevent corrosion. It is these processes - drilling and painting - that take a long time.
Generally, there are two ways to install rivets: cold and hot. When hot, the joint is preheated to a certain temperature (determined by the metal and the thickness of the parts). In practice, it is used when installing large diameter rivets - 12 mm or more.
Rivets are placed in rows. The minimum distance between adjacent ones is 4 diameters, from the edge of the sheet to the center of the hardware - not less than 1.5 diameters of the rivet. When attaching a profiled sheet, they are placed in a recess, not in a wave.
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1 Materials for making
Blind rivets are made from a wide range of materials. This allows the use of such fasteners in almost all types of work. In addition, the blind rivet itself can be painted in one color or another. Colored hardware is widely used in light industry (textile), where color matching is required.
The choice of rivet material depends on the material of the fastened parts and the environment in which the fastener will be located. The materials for making rivets can be as follows:
- Aluminum. Pure metal and its variants are possible: anodized, varnished.
- Cink Steel.
- Stainless steels. A2 - resistant to rust, A4 - resistant to corrosion and acidic environment (found wide application in the chemical industry). Or imported counterparts, for example, DIN 7337. Stainless steel is one of the most common and durable materials.
- Copper.
- Copper-Nickel Alloy (Monel). Contains 70% Nickel, 30% Copper.
- Polamide. A relatively fragile material, it has found application in the manufacture of clothing and various textile products.
All materials from which fasteners are made are regulated by GOST.
Fasteners
When selecting a material, it is extremely necessary to carry out a careful selection of materials of hardware with fastened materials - due to the fact that the fastening can be destroyed. The destruction of fasteners occurs due to the formation of a galvanic pair of hardware - part. In a humid environment or when wet, a current begins to flow through the galvanic vapor, which destroys the mount.
For example, when aluminum and steel come into contact, there is a very rapid oxidation of aluminum and, as a result, destruction. Therefore, for fastening steel parts, it is better to use stainless steel rivets A2, A4 or DIN 7337. Steel rivets are recommended for use most often, because they have very high strength. But the steel-galvanized rivet is less common. The reason is that the zinc coating wears out rather quickly, especially if one of the fixed elements is mobile. Copper and copper alloy rivets are the most versatile hardware. Copper only conflicts with aluminum, and fasteners with other metals are safe to make. The main disadvantages of copper are the high price and ugly color after oxidation (some time after the fasteners are installed, a green coating may appear - oxidized copper), although this does not affect the strength of the joint. Polamide is the most versatile material. Such a rivet will allow you to connect anything you like, but this connection cannot boast of special strength.
When ordering rivets, it is very important to indicate the material in the specifications, and to do this in detail if there are several types of alloy (for example, when ordering an aluminum rivet, indicate the alloy AlMg2.5, or AlMg3.5)
2 Device and design features
Exhaust hardware consists of a body and a rod. A body is commonly referred to as a body, sleeve, sleeve, or cylinder. It is the body that is the fastening element that performs the load-bearing function. The body consists of a head (side) and a flat hollow cylinder. In sealed hardware, the end of the cylinder is sealed tightly. By the type of head (side), hardware is divided into hardware with a high side, with a wide side and a secret side. The wide side, as well as the high side, ensure the implementation of a strong riveted fastening.Such fasteners are visible from the side and form "bulges" on the surface of the part. The concealed rim provides an almost smooth surface at the attachment point, however, it is less reliable. The countersunk side has a flat flat surface and a thickness of about 1 mm, in this case the main massive part of the head is inserted into the mounting hole.
The rivet cylinder can be of different lengths and thicknesses. It is by the outer diameter of the cylinder that the diameter of the hardware is indicated in the name when ordering. Cylinder sizes are the most important of all hardware sizes. It is the dimensions of the cylinder that are decisive when choosing rivets. The essence of the fastening boils down to the fact that the fastening element must provide a movable / fixed connection of several parts or elements. The length of the cylinder is calculated by the formula: thickness of the riveted material1 + thickness of the riveted material2 + riveting thickness (specified by the manufacturer) + 0.5-1 mm (for a movable joint). The diameter of the cylinder is taken equal to the required diameter of the holes for the fasteners (usually the hole is larger by 0.1-0.2 mm - for free installation of hardware into it).
For example, aluminum rivet AlMg2.5 4x10. This means that the type of alloy is indicated here, the number 4 is the indicator of the outer diameter in mm, 10 is the length in mm.
Aluminum rivet AlMg2.5
Kernel. Carries out the function of riveting. Usually made of steel, which is much stronger than the body. At the end of the rod there is a head that rivets the inserted end. During installation, the rod is pulled out with a special tool (pneumatic riveter) or, if there are few fasteners (1-3), ordinary pliers can also be used. However, in the latter case, you will have to apply decent physical strength.
The main advantage of the design of blind rivets is that they allow one-sided installation (access to the fastening is required only from one side), acting like anchors.
A stronger rivet - a threaded rivet - differs from a pull-out rivet by the presence of a thread inside the cylinder. The cylinder of the threaded fastener has a screwed-in rod that does not pull out forcibly, but twists out. To strengthen the connection, a screw or bolt is screwed inward. Thus, a conditionally "closed" fastener is obtained. It is sometimes called blind rivet.
After the dimensions and material for the rivets, as well as the type of side, have been determined, you should decide on their type.
Appointment
Blind rivets are used to connect sheet material and require access to the working surface from only one side. This is one of their main differences from traditional "hammer" models. Mounting of rivets is carried out in a drilled hole using a special tool, which can be either manual or pneumo-electric. Connections made with blind rivets are very strong and durable. In addition, the parts are easy to install and are highly resistant to aggressive chemicals, high temperatures and humidity.
Due to their versatility and reliability, the scope of application of blind rivets is quite extensive. Parts are actively used in shipbuilding, aircraft and mechanical engineering, textile industry and construction. When working on hazardous objects, rivets act as an alternative to welding joints. In addition, rivets are widely used in the repair of parts and mechanisms in hard-to-reach places and at fire-hazardous facilities. In addition to joining elements made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, blind rivets are capable of joining plastic and textiles in any combination. This allows them to be widely used in electrical work and actively used in the manufacture of clothing, textile consumer goods and tanks.
Sizing rivets
The rivets are selected based on the thickness of the metals to be joined. In this case, the following are important: the parameters of the insert head, the diameter of the rod. The diameter of the bar determines the diameter of the drill, which is used to prepare a hole in the parts to be joined.You can roughly determine the diameter of the rivet by doubling the thickness of the parts to be joined. The length of the rod is at least 2 diameters of the rivet, and the protruding part must be at least 1.25-1.5 of the diameter.
| Rivet diameter | 2.0 mm | 2.3 mm | 2.6 mm | 3.0 mm | 3.5mm | 4.0 mm | 5.0 mm | 6.0 mm | 7,0 mm | 8.0 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hole diameter for precision assembly | 2.1 mm | 2.4 mm | 2.7 mm | 3.1 mm | 3.6 mm | 4.1 mm | 5.2 mm | 6.2 mm | 7.2 mm | 8.2 mm |
| Hole diameter for rough assembly | 2.3 mm | 2.6 mm | 3.1 mm | 3.5mm | 4.0 mm | 4.5 mm | 5.7 mm | 6,7 mm | 7.7 mm | 8,7 mm |
In general, the diameter of the rivet shank can be from 1mm to 36mm, and its length can be from 2mm to 180mm. Moreover, a larger diameter is not equivalent to a greater bond strength. Here both the material from which it is made and its type (hollow or solid) play a role. How do you choose? According to the characteristics of rivets. After all, you choose them for the connection of certain materials of a certain thickness. You know about the load that will be applied to the connection.
Therefore, when selecting, pay attention to what the manufacturer recommends
How to choose a rivet according to the thickness of the material to be fastened? According to the manufacturer's instructions, but in general, the diameter of the rod should be at least twice the thickness of the materials
It must be indicated:
Recommended connection diameter. You just have to pick up the drill and make a smooth hole without burrs.
Minimum and maximum thickness of the bundle to be joined
It is important that your connection is in the specified range.
Shear force. This is the load applied perpendicularly to the joint that the rivet can withstand without breaking.
Breaking force
At what load along the rivet will it collapse?
It is the tensile and shear forces that determine the strength of the future seam. The higher these values are, the more loads it will withstand.
Mounting
Installation of blind rivets is so simple that it is not difficult even for beginners.
A prerequisite for installation is only the availability of a riveting tool and adherence to the sequence of work.
- The first step will be to mark the front side of the top of the parts to be joined. The distance between two adjacent rivets should not be less than five diameters of their heads.
- Drilling holes should be carried out with a small allowance.
- Deburring is performed on both sides of each part. If access to the closed side is restricted, deburring on the closed side is negligible.
- The installation of the blind rivet must be done in such a way that the shank is on the face side.
- The gripping of the rod with the rivet and the work with the pneumatic gun must be done smoothly and with sufficient force at the same time.
- The remaining part of the rod, if necessary, is cut off or cut off with nippers. In the case of an inaccurately executed break of the rod, it is allowed to file the head with a file.
3.1 Dimensions of rivets
Dimensions (edit)
rivets are shown in Figure 1 and c.
Picture 1 -
Rivet sizes
table
1 - Dimensions of rivets
|
Frame |
d |
nom |
3,2 |
4 |
4,8 |
|
max |
3,38 |
4,08 |
4,88 |
||
|
min |
3,05 |
3,85 |
4,65 |
||
|
dk |
max |
6,7 |
8,4 |
10,1 |
|
|
min |
5,8 |
6,9 |
8,3 |
||
|
k |
max |
1,3 |
1,7 |
2 |
|
|
Core |
dm |
max |
1,85 |
2,35 |
2,77 |
|
p |
min |
25 |
25 |
27 |
|
|
Rivet length |
Recommended |
||||
|
nom = min |
max |
||||
|
8 |
9 |
2,0-3,5 |
2,0-3,5 |
||
|
8,5 |
9,5 |
— |
— |
2,5-3,5 |
|
|
9,5 |
10,5 |
3,5-5,0 |
3,5-5,0 |
3,5-5,0 |
|
|
11 |
12 |
5,0-6,5 |
5,0-6,5 |
5,0-6,5 |
|
|
12,5 |
13,5 |
6,5-8,0 |
6,5-8,0 |
— |
|
|
13 |
14 |
— |
6,5-8,0 |
||
|
14,5 |
15,5 |
8-10 |
8,0-9,5 |
||
|
15,5 |
16,5 |
— |
|||
|
16 |
17 |
9,5-11,0 |
|||
|
18 |
19 |
11-13 |
|||
|
21 |
22 |
13-16 |
|||
|
Notes: 1 2 Thickness of the bag for rivets with the dimensions specified in |
What is riveting
The mechanical connection of parts using a series of rivets is called a riveting, and the connection itself is a riveted seam. It is used where it is inconvenient to weld parts or where non-weldable materials are connected. Not only metals are riveted, thus they connect parts in clothes, accessories, etc. But there it is more of a finish than a loaded connection. So further we will talk about riveting in construction or home improvement.In principle, instead of riveting, you can use a screw connection, but bolts and nuts are more expensive, and their installation takes more time.
This is what a riveted joint looks like
If we talk about installing fences made of profiled sheet, rivets are more reliable, since they can only be removed by reaming the fasteners. When installing screws or self-tapping screws, they can be unscrewed and carried away both metal and hardware. In some cases, riveting is more convenient when installing a roof from corrugated board or metal. On the roof, the installation of screw connections is problematic and time-consuming. And with rivets, and with a good tool, you can do it in an hour or even less.
The most common use in the personal household
How are parts connected with rivets? The rivet is inserted into the prepared through hole. It has a head that rests against the material and the rod. During the riveting process, the end of the rod is flattened, changing its shape under the influence of force. Therefore, plastic metals are used for these hardware.
Useful Tips
In addition to the general algorithm for performing work, each individual material has its own small subtleties of installation. So, when connecting materials of different thickness, the rivet should be installed from the thin side. This will allow the reverse head to form a thicker flattening and improve the reliability of the connection. In the absence of the possibility of such an arrangement on the side of a thin material, you can put a washer of the required diameter. Such a gasket will not allow a thin layer to be pushed through and will not allow the surface to deform.
When joining hard and soft materials, it is recommended to use hardware with a high rim, while it is better to place the reverse head on the side of the hard material. If this is not possible, then from the side of the soft layer, you can put a washer or use a petal rivet. It is better to connect fragile and thin parts with plastic blind rivets or use spacer and petal options. To obtain a smooth surface on both sides, it is recommended to use rivets equipped with countersunk heads on both sides.
To form a sealed waterproof connection, it is necessary to use closed "blind" hardware that can effectively prevent the ingress of dust and prevent the ingress of water and vapors. When installing a rivet in a hard-to-reach place, along with a rivet gun, it is necessary to use additional equipment in the form of extension nozzles to help get to the rod.
In addition, when installing hardware, it should be borne in mind that the distance from the axis of the element to the edge of the parts to be joined must be greater than or equal to two diameters of the head. The connection of loose materials must be accompanied by the installation of an additional sleeve, into which the rivet will be installed. When joining pipes with flat surfaces, it is not recommended to pass hardware through the pipe. The connection will be stronger if only one side of the tube is involved in the docking.
Thus, blind rivets are a universal fastening element. They allow you to form a strong and reliable connection in hard-to-reach areas. Also, the parts easily bond surfaces with limited access from the back side.
A detailed story about the use of blind rivets is in the video below.
What material should the rivet be of
Rivets are usually taken from the same material as the parts to be joined - this avoids electrochemical corrosion
Pay attention to the strength characteristics. But, as a rule, when connecting aluminum parts, the strength of aluminum hardware is sufficient
In general, rivets are made from the following metals:
steel:
- ordinary - grades St2, St3, St10;
- corrosion-resistant Х18Н9Т;
- galvanized;
Read also: Wrench for loosening wheel nuts
When connecting copper parts, the installation of brass and copper is permissible. Aluminum is bonded with aluminum alloys. Steel sheets - corresponding grades of steel rivets. There are also mixed hardware - from two different metals (chemically non-conflicting). Most often, there are aluminum-steel.
For the installation of facade elements, slopes, ebbs, metal tiles and profiled sheets, blind rivets made of galvanized painted steel are usually used. Coloring - in tone with the details.
Blind rivet steel
with standard collar ST / ST - steel / steel. Sizes of steel blind rivets from 3.0 x 6 to 6.4 x 45 mm. They are used to create permanent joints of thin sheet materials. Using a riveter, riveting is possible when only one side of the material is accessed.Characteristics and dimensions of steel blind rivets with standard shoulder ST / ST
| Rivet size | d | dk | K | R max | d1 | L1 | Breaking force N | Shear force N |
| 3.0 | 3.0 +0.08 -0.10 | 6.5 -0.7 | 0.8 ±0.2 | 0.2 | 1.90 | 27 | 1125 | 915 |
| 3.2 | 3.2 +0.08 -0.10 | 6.5 -0.7 | 0.8 ±0.2 | 0.2 | 2.00 | 27 | 1285 | 1060 |
| 4.0 | 4.0 +0.08 -0.15 | 8.0 -1.0 | 1.0 ±0.3 | 0.3 | 2.50 | 27 | 1990 | 1550 |
| 4.8 | 4.8 +0.08 -0.15 | 9.5 -1.0 | 1.1 ±0.3 | 0.3 | 2.90 | 27 | 2920 | 2300 |
| 5.0 | 5.0 +0.08 -0.15 | 9.5 -1.0 | 1.1 ±0.3 | 0.3 | 2.90 | 27 | 3255 | 2575 |
| 6.0 | 6.0 +0.08 -0.15 | 12.0 -1.5 | 1.5 ±0.4 | 0.4 | 3.40 | 27 | 5000 | 4000 |
| 6.4 | 6.4 +0.08 -0.15 | 13 -1.5 | 1.8 ±0.4 | 0.5 | 3.85 | 27 | 5400 | 4350 |
Thickness of the materials to be joined and the size of the rivet hole in mm
| Rivet size | Thickness of materials to be joined | Side diameter | Hole diameter |
| 3.0 x 6 | 1.5 — 3.5 | 6.5 | 3.1 — 3.2 |
| 3.0 x 8 | 3.5 — 5.5 | ||
| 3.0 x 10 | 5.5 — 7.0 | ||
| 3.0 x 12 | 7.0 — 9.0 | ||
| 3.0 x 14 | 9.0 — 11.0 | ||
| 3.0 x 16 | 11.0 — 13.0 | ||
| 3.0 x 18 | 13.0 — 15.0 | ||
| 3.0 x 20 | 15.0 — 17.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 6 | 1.5 — 3.5 | 6.5 | 3.3 — 3.4 |
| 3.2 x 8 | 3.5 — 5.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 10 | 5.0 — 7.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 12 | 7.0 — 9.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 14 | 9.0 — 11.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 16 | 11.0 — 13.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 18 | 13.0 — 15.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 20 | 15.0 — 17.0 | ||
| 3.2 x 25 | 20.0 — 22.0 | ||
| 4.0 x 6 | 1.5 — 3.0 | 8.0 | 4.1 — 4.2 |
| 4.0 x 8 | 3.0 — 5.0 | ||
| 4.0 x 10 | 5.0 — 6.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 12 | 6.5 — 8.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 14 | 8.5 — 10.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 16 | 10.5 — 12.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 18 | 12.5 — 14.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 20 | 14.5 — 16.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 22 | 16.5 — 18.0 | ||
| 4.0 x 25 | 18.0 — 21.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 26 | 18.5 — 22.5 | ||
| 4.0 x 28 | 21.5 — 24.0 | ||
| 4.0 x 30 | 21.5 — 26.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 6 | 1.0 — 3.0 | 9.5 | 4.9 — 5.0 |
| 4.8 x 8 | 3.0 — 4.5 | ||
| 4.8 x 10 | 4.5 — 6.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 12 | 6.0 — 8.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 14 | 8.0 — 10.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 16 | 10.0 — 12.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 18 | 12.0 — 14.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 20 | 14.0 — 16.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 22 | 16.0 — 18.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 23 | 16.5 — 19.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 24 | 17.0 — 20.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 25 | 18.0 — 21.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 28 | 21.0 — 23.5 | ||
| 4.8 x 30 | 23.0 — 25.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 32 | 25.0 — 27.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 35 | 25.0 — 30.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 40 | 30,0 — 35.0 | ||
| 4.8 x 50 | 40,0 — 45.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 6 | 0.5 — 2.5 | 9.5 | 5.1 — 5.2 |
| 5.0 x 8 | 2.5 — 4.5 | ||
| 5.0 x 10 | 4.5 — 6.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 12 | 6.0 — 8.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 14 | 8.0 — 10.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 16 | 10.0 — 12.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 18 | 12.0 — 14.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 21 | 14.0 — 17.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 25 | 17.0 — 20.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 27 | 20.0 — 23.0 | ||
| 5.0 x 30 | 23.0 — 25.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 8 | 2.0 — 4.0 | 12.0 | 6.1 — 6.2 |
| 6.0 x 10 | 4.0 — 6.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 12 | 6.0 — 8.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 14 | 7.0 — 9.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 16 | 9.0 — 11.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 18 | 11.0 — 13.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 22 | 13.0 — 17.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 26 | 17.0 — 20.0 | ||
| 6.0 x 30 | 20.0 — 24.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 8 | 2.0 — 4.0 | 13.0 | 6.5 — 6.6 |
| 6.4 x 10 | 2.0 — 5.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 12 | 4.0 — 6.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 14 | 6.0 — 8.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 16 | 8.0 — 11.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 18 | 9.0 — 13.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 20 | 11.0 — 15.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 22 | 13.0 — 16.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 25 | 15.0 — 19.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 26 | 16.0 — 20.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 28 | 17.0 — 22.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 30 | 18.0 — 24.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 32 | 22.0 — 26.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 35 | 24.0 — 30.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 40 | 30.0 — 35.0 | ||
| 6.4 x 45 | 35.0 — 40.0 |
You can order and buy steel blind rivets of any size at wholesale prices.
192007, St. Petersburg, st. Kurskaya, 27
Trading House Neva sells wholesale DIN and GOST fasteners, galvanized hardware and high-strength fasteners. Construction fasteners are supplied to all regions of Russia.
In industry, one of the main operations is the connection of structural elements and parts.
One way is to join with rivets. It is used when it is not possible to weld structural elements, and has many advantages over it. To perform this technology, there is a special riveting tool.