How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

Construction of a fireplace with a cast iron insert and a metal pipe

When using steel pipes for the chimney, it can be output through the wall. Therefore, choosing a place to place a fireplace is simplified. To build a hearth, you will need the following materials:

• sandwich pipes made of metal;
• cast iron firebox with glass door;
• knee at 45 ° or 90 °;
• tee and clamps;
• bracket;
• silicone based sealant;
• protective umbrella;
• mineral wool.

For the construction of a fireplace, a separate foundation is made in a standard way. While the solution hardens, the wall adjacent to the hearth is insulated to protect it from fire. To do this, it is laid with superisol. If possible, build an additional thin wall of silicate bricks on the foundation of the fireplace.

Important! Thermal insulation is made more than the width of the fireplace by 0.5 m on each side.

Lay a solid base of two rows of bricks. Then a U-shaped pedestal is erected, laying out the red brick in 4 rows. To fasten the elements, a clay-based solution is used. The pedestal improves heat transfer from the hearth. At the same stage, the ash pan is mounted.

In the 4th row, grooves are made with a file and metal corners are placed in them, pointing up. The next row of bricks is laid and treated with refractory mastic. Carefully install the cast iron firebox, retreating from the wall by 5 cm.The position is checked with a level and mistakes are corrected until the solution and mastic harden.

Then the chimney is mounted from the sandwich pipes. The firebox is lined with bricks, using a mortar with a cement base or heat-resistant glue to fasten the elements. The bricks are laid with a gap of 5 mm so that they do not rest on the pipe.

The chimney is covered with drywall sheets. First, a frame is built from an aluminum profile. Plasterboard parts are screwed onto it with self-tapping screws. From the inside, the surface is covered with mats made of non-combustible material for insulation. The foil side of the sheets faces the metal parts of the structure.

Outside, the hearth is trimmed with any facing material. Decorative stone, clinker bricks, plaster are suitable. After facing work, the floor is covered. Parquet or laminate lamellas are laid at a distance of 80 cm or more from the fireplace. The material is not placed close to the fireplace.

Chimney and chimney

The chimney is similar in shape to a hood. Inside this part of the stove is a metal pipe (or ceramic chimney blocks). A metal pipe joins the chimney.

The rear wall of the chimney is built vertically and the side walls gradually taper at an angle of 45-60 degrees. To calculate the internal section, we use the proportion - 10-15% of the portal area. Height - not less than 5 meters from the combustion area. The walls should not be thin to retain maximum heat. At a height of two meters, we install a valve with a frame, which we fix with a solution.

Brick chimney diagram for fireplace

The installation of the chimney begins with combining the openings of the chimney and the smoke collector. For this we use cement mortar. We fix the facing brick on the pipe using anchors installed between the outer blocks of the pipe.

It is important that all external surfaces have no gaps

We make the pipe head so that its thickness is at least one brick. To reduce the accumulation of condensate in the chimney and to avoid the fire of structural elements, we make heat and thermal insulation.

Fireplace elements:

• chimney;
• support plate;
• fire plate;
• the area of ​​connection of the pipe with the chimney;
• firebox;
• ventilation hole equipped with a grill;
• thermal insulation layer;
• cladding layer;
• cold air duct;
• hot air chamber.

A spark catcher and a deflector are placed on top of the pipe. The task of the spark catcher is to protect the premises from fire. This element is a steel cone with a wire mesh. The deflector round in cross section is mounted on the head. It is necessary to increase traction and protect the chimney from the wind.

Location

Placing a fireplace in the house

The very first step involves choosing the location of the hearth; not only the saving of living space, but also its effective heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of construction.

Fireplace - stove can have the following options:

Based on this, the home owner can find a suitable place for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is inappropriate to install a fireplace stove opposite the window, since the heat will go out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly observe the fire safety rules, the fireplace is a source of heat, not a fire.

Table of required materials for building a fireplace

The manufacture of fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we need:

• Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
• River sand. Necessarily sifted and free from dirt and litter. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
• Crushed stone for the manufacture of the foundation. The permissible fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
• Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
• Cement (M 200 or M 300).
• Smoke damper.
• Armature.

The foundation for the fireplace: types and principle of filling

The total weight of the fireplace structure will average at least 600 kg, and in most cases - more than a ton, so the fireplace will need its own independent foundation. It is much easier to build a foundation for a fireplace even during the construction of a house, otherwise it will be quite difficult to build it. If it is planned to build a fireplace in a completed building, then it will be necessary to attract specialists who can calculate the load of the future fireplace on the existing supporting structures. For a fireplace, a foundation with larger dimensions in terms of (10-15 cm) than the base of the fireplace

It is important to maintain a gap between the foundations of the building and the fireplace of at least 50-55 mm - it must be filled with sand. The ligation of foundations (buildings and fireplaces) cannot be performed - they have different draft, which will lead to the formation of cracks

The pit for the fireplace foundation must be 600 mm deep - for a one-story house and 700-1000 mm - for a two-story house, or its depth must correspond to that specified when making the building foundation. At the bottom of the excavated pit, it is necessary to place a leveling cushion made of sand (on non-heaving soils) or sand and gravel (on heaving soils, composition: sand-40%, gravel-60%).

Reference: heaving soils include silty and fine sands, sandy loams, loams and clays - i.e. soils widespread in Russia. Upon reaching a certain level of humidity, the volume of such soils during freezing (in winter) increases, causing a layer-by-layer rise of the soil within the depth to which it freezes. As a result, an uneven rise of foundations occurs if the loads acting on them do not compensate for the heaving forces of the soil. Soil swelling causes deformations in predominantly light buildings, most of which are built in rural areas.

A pillow that prevents the effect of soil heaving on the foundation of fireplaces and stoves should have the same height as the pillow of the main foundation of the building (for example, in the Moscow region, its height should be from 100 to 600 mm, depending on the degree of soil heaving). The sand and gravel cushion must be laid in layers, with each new layer moistened.In the process of laying, compaction (automatic or manual) and leveling of the base are necessary using a level. Before laying the sand and gravel cushion, it is necessary to level and compact the soil at the bottom of the pit. If it rains after excavating the pit, then before laying the pillow, it is necessary to remove the puddles from it (scoop out), but if the bottom soil has become fluid-plastic, it must be cut to a stable one (as a rule, by a few centimeters).

It will be cheaper to build a foundation made of rubble concrete. For him, formwork is needed, sheathed from the inside with roofing material (tar paper, glassine) or coated with bitumen - in order to exclude the leakage of cement milk into the sand. The formwork is placed on a prepared base, the first layer of large stones (up to 15 cm in diameter) is laid inside, rubble is poured between them. A cement mortar is poured over the top (1 part of cement for 3 parts of sand), it is prepared for one day of work.

Then the sand is mixed with cement - the solution is thoroughly mixed with the constant addition of water to the state of thick sour cream (at a ratio of 1 part of water to 1 part of cement). Each new layer of rubble stone is laid after the previous layer has hardened, preferably at intervals of a day. The last one - the top layer needs to be leveled, check its horizontalness and close it on top with plastic wrap. It is necessary to withstand a weekly period before starting laying the fireplace. The distance from the top of the resulting foundation to the floor level must be at least 60-70 mm.

Building a fireplace with your own hands from bricks

First, determine the place in the room for the location of the fireplace. It is recommended that the selection be made taking into account the windows and possible movements of the air currents. It is not recommended to build a fireplace opposite the openings that come off.

The fireplace is not used in most cases, as the only source of heat in the room, since this type of stove gives the room only a fifth of the heat, the rest of the hot air "flies out into the chimney." But fireplaces are made for aesthetic pleasure, they give the decoration of the room an original addition. If, at the same time, the fireplace works without smoke and does not cause trouble for the owners, then all household members will strive to while away the cold winter evenings at this crackling source of spiritual and thermal energy.

To select the location of the fireplace, they are initially determined with the location of the future chimney. It should not, when passing through the roof structure, require the transfer of load-bearing beams or rafters. The distance from the duct to the nearest wooden component of the roof should be no closer than 0.7 m.

Also pay attention to the location of the floor beams and the lag of the lower floor. They also try, if possible, not to reconstruct.

The wall behind the fireplace heats up from the constantly rising hot air, the more it is recommended to make reliable thermal insulation using layers of asbestos and a foil reflector or sheet of steel

Special attention is paid to the insulation of wooden walls

The functional check of the newly folded fireplace is checked a couple of weeks after the end of the work. During this time, all components and materials will dry out and acquire a fortress.

How to correctly calculate the main dimensions of the fireplace

Be sure to record all calculations and measurements on paper, and it is best to sketch it schematically. 1. On paper we sketch on a scale the room where the fireplace will be located. 2. We calculate the parameters of the firebox. Its dimensions should not be less than fifty of the total area of ​​the room. 3. The depth of the portal is determined as the ratio of the parameters of length and width. So the depth can be 2: 3 or 1: 2. 4. Determine the parameters of the chimney. Average indicators are: length - 6 meters, and pipe diameter - 100 mm.

Corner and ordinary brick fireplace

Required materials for laying a fireplace 1. Fire-resistant bricks. Calculate the quantity according to predetermined dimensions, taking into account 10-15% for fitting and breaking the material. 2. River sand (fraction from 0.2 to 1.5 mm). 3. Construction cement. 4. Crushed stone. 5. Fittings.

How to pour a foundation for a fireplace

A fireplace, like a house, has its own foundation. To equip it, you need to carry out a number of activities: - Preparing the foundation for the foundation. To do this, in a pit, the dimensions of which are somewhat larger than the dimensions of the future fireplace, we fill in the rubble and tamp it;

- We mount the formwork. Its height should correspond to the height of the future foundation; - Fill in the cement-sand mixture; - After pouring, the base is carefully leveled, covered with polyethylene and left in complete rest until dry.

Step-by-step instructions for masonry fireplace

Before starting work on laying bricks with your own hands, it must be sorted out, selected perfectly flat and whole, soaked before starting work in water for several days. The work of laying a fireplace is not so much technically difficult as it requires accuracy and patience.

Each layer is laid on a roofing material substrate. The quality of work is checked by the level. After the first three rows of the fireplace have been completed, fittings are laid, which in the future will become the basis for the fireplace grate. Laying out row by row, check with the previously drawn diagram.

Photo of a brick fireplace

After the work is completed, the seams between the bricks are treated with special colored compounds, which give the work a finished look and add a decorative effect to the brickwork.

Interesting article: Imitation of a fireplace with your own hands in an apartment. Photo

Watch the video: Laying and ordering the fireplace

A fireplace stove in a private house will become not just a decoration, but also an additional source of heat. A wood burning stove is environmentally friendly and more budgetary, so after a fireplace appears in your house, you can significantly save money.

Laying the foundation

Like any construction and installation work, the construction of a fireplace begins with the creation of a support. The installation requires its own foundation, 6 centimeters more than the base of the fireplace.

The foundation is erected according to the following stages:

1. A hole is dug 10 centimeters wider than the height of the foundation specified in the project. The pit should be 50-60 cm deep.
2. The bottom is covered with a thin layer of fine crushed stone and rammed. The total height is 15 centimeters.
3. A timber formwork is installed and treated with bitumen from the inside.
4. The stone is being laid. Broken brick is also very often used if a larger quantity is purchased than is necessary for the structure.
5. The mortar is mixed from sand with the addition of cement (3 to 1). It will turn out to be not very thick, homogeneous consistency.
6. Everything is filled with solution. Everything compresses well, the cement must penetrate into the smallest crevices for maximum contraction.
7. The resulting foundation is leveled and the surface is checked horizontally using a level.
8. The fireplace support is covered and allowed to stand for 7 days before installation.

Note: the finished foundation in height should be 6 centimeters below the floor of the room.

We start with the foundation

The main rule when building a fireplace: the foundation must be made reliable. This means that they are erecting it separately from the building, otherwise uneven shrinkage will lead to cracks in the fireplace walls. There will be a threat to safety, because the combustion part and the chimney canal may be damaged.

When the structure is placed next to the load-bearing wall, a sand layer is spilled between the foundations of the house and the fireplace. The upper level of the foundation is compared to the floor.

The deepening into the ground is not made too deep. If the soil is mobile, a sand and gravel layer should be made at least 50 cm thick. It will play the role of a compensator during capillary rise of groundwater. This is a kind of waterproofing of the base and fireplace walls.

For pouring, take concrete M150.Reinforcement is mandatory. The formwork will turn out to be strong if it is made of boards or plywood, fastened with self-tapping screws. In terms of parameters, the foundation should be larger than the structure itself, at least 0.1 m on each side. On the drawing of the fireplace, the required parameters of the foundation are usually indicated.

Roofing material must be laid on top of the concrete, which will not allow moisture to be drawn from the soil. After that, you can do the markup and start laying, strictly adhering to the scheme.

Scheme, ordering and drawing of a brick fireplace

Before work, be sure to get sketches and drawings. You can borrow ready-made ones or draw yourself, indicating the dimensions and features of the structure being erected.

If we talk about the order, it is necessary to decide on the type and location of the fireplace:

• Round arch corner fireplace
• Corner fireplace with rectangular arch
• Fireplace with a podium near the wall
• Classic fireplace stove

Fireplace stove

A classic brick fireplace with your own hands should serve not only as an element of decor, but also as a source of heat, be convenient and safe to use. The simplest diagram of such a model is as follows:

• The heart of the fireplace is a spacious firebox with a fireproof glass door
• An ash pan is arranged under it to collect and remove combustion products.
• On top, a smoke channel is arranged from a material with a high heat capacity

The order of a brick fireplace-stove is as follows (with visual images):

1. The first two rows will serve as the basis and are laid out completely, starting from the third you need to provide openings for blowing and cleaning doors, a smoke channel

The bottom of the furnace begins to be laid from the sixth row, fireclay brick (yellow) is used for it, the same continues in rows 7-9. After it is mounted between the ash pan and the firebox, the grate
In rows 10-12, they continue the same thing, but providing a furnace hole on the front side. Before laying the 13th row, you need to mount the door, the 14th row will have a vertical upper arch

Row 15 should line up the vault, 16 should form the mantel. The overlap of the furnace is done on the 17th row and is completely completed at 18, leaving a small hole under the smoke channel
A damper of a suitable size is mounted in rows 19 or 20. The next 7 next to it will make up the walls of the chimney and the stove, and in row 27 a metal strip is placed to support the stove overlap

Rows 28-30 are laid out of red brick and represent an oven ceiling. Then a chimney well is equipped (the height is determined in each case). In this case, a dressing of the seams should be formed so that each subsequent row overlaps the joints of the previous

A second shutter must be installed between the second and third row of the well.

You may also be interested in instructions on how to make a barbecue oven.

Other ordering options

Step-by-step video masonry guide:

Ordering a corner fireplace with a semicircular arch:

Arrangement of the fireplace with an arch in the form of a rectangle:

Podium fireplaces:

When choosing the location of the fireplace in any particular room, you need to take into account the presence and path of drafts. The optimal solution is to place the structure away from window openings and doors, as well as from the intersection of air flows between them.

Refractory mortar is used for laying fireclay bricks, ceramic bricks are placed on an ordinary sand-clay mixture. It is prepared according to the instructions on the package. Preparation of the solution is a long process. It is necessary to use clean and well-softened clay, soaked in water for up to 2-3 days.

If the adhesive solution is prepared incorrectly, soon the brickwork will begin to collapse and crack under the influence of high temperatures.Whether external surface finishing is necessary or not - everyone decides for himself. Many people prefer to leave everything as it is, carefully processing the seams.

Video instruction

If you approach the work with all responsibility and thoroughly prepare, everyone can lay out a brick fireplace with their own hands. But even small mistakes can negatively affect the final result. As a result, you can get a short-lived design that does not live up to expectations.

Doubting your abilities, you need to contact a specialist. Having visually assessed the situation, he will help with the most difficult stages and give some valuable advice.

Ordering scheme that takes into account the consumption of material

It is preferable to make the basement row of a corner fireplace from brick laid with an edge - it looks more original. From the second row and in the future, the brick is laid flat. The lower part of the firebox is usually made about 25 cm above the floor.

Detailed diagram of a corner fireplace

Order: 1 to 3 rows are filled with bricks.

• 1-3 rows are filled with bricks.
• 4th row - hearth of the fireplace.
• In the 5th row, lay out the ash pan. Three metal strips support the grate.
• The masonry of the sixth row presses the steel strips. The grate is laid here.
• In the seventh row, the lower portal frame is made.
• Rows 8-13 represent the walls of the portal, and the laying is carried out with bandaging of the seams.
• From the eleventh row, they begin laying an inclined mirror against the back wall.
• The fourteenth-fifteenth rows block the portal, its masonry and the masonry of the mirror continue.
• The masonry of the mirror ends in the sixteenth row, the upper part of the tooth is laid out. On the side of the chimney, the tooth must be coated with a clay solution to protect it from burning out.
• From the seventeenth to the nineteenth row, the facade is being laid. The brick is chipped towards the high, as shown in the section.
• 20-22 rows together form a chimney measuring 14 × 27 cm. The valve is installed in 22 rows.
• 23 row. In order, it is noticeable that the smoke hole is similar to the shape of a swallow's nest.
• Starting from the twenty-fourth row onwards, the chimney laying ends.

Tools and materials

To build a do-it-yourself fireplace stove or a chimney, they use red ceramic bricks. It can be solid and hollow. For the focus, take material without internal cavities. It has no pores and does not deteriorate from heat. To equip the base, you will need a cement mixture. It costs more than concrete, but more practical. It is made from 300 grade cement.

A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the base. Then make hydro and thermal insulation. Additionally, fireclay plates are used to protect the base of the firebox from cracking. Instead, masonry is made of refractory refractory bricks.

Roll cardboard impregnated with resin and sprinkled with sand is placed as thermal insulation. For this, roofing material or roofing material is suitable. The insulating material is placed on a layer of tar or bitumen mastic. A metal pipe is installed for the chimney. To make the brickwork strong, monolithic and smooth, the elements are fastened with a clay-based mortar. It is supplemented with fine sand from rocks. This solution will withstand the heat of burning wood well.

For the construction of the portal, different materials are used, since the mouth is subject to thermal stress and exposure to open fire:

1. Marble adds elegance, looks expensive and pretentious. The marble fireplace is suitable for classic interiors. In combination with simple wall and floor decoration, it looks out of place.
2. Granite is suitable for a Gothic or Scandinavian interior, as for marble, but in darker colors.
3. Tiles are used for facing fireplaces in Russian or ethnic style. They are made of earthenware or ceramics, decorated with drawings. For laying the tiles, a special viscous mixture and special tools are used.
4. Ceramic tiles are suitable for facing fireplaces and, if necessary, replace tiles.
5. Natural stone is used to decorate the hearth in the style of chalet, rustic, country. The material is suitable for building and decorating a fireplace in the country with your own hands.
6. Artificial stone performs the functions of natural, but costs less.
7. Facing bricks come in different shades. It is used for finishing the facade of the portal.
8. Natural wood is used only for exterior decoration. More often, carved portals are made of precious woods of a dark shade.
9. The galvanized profile is suitable for creating a rough finish in the style of a Scandinavian castle or in modern loft-style interiors. When using forging, grates or volumetric elements, the fireplace is decorated in a Victorian style.
10. Plaster parts are used to create an imitation of stucco molding. The decor is done in a classic or baroque style.
11. Mini fireplaces are decorated with parquet boards. Narrow lamellas are not suitable for decorating wide and high portals with a shelf.

Advice! If the fireplace has a closed firebox, the door must be cast iron or glass with fireproof properties.