How to make a long burning stove with your own hands?

Long burning wood stoves: prices, where to buy inexpensively

The price range of such heating equipment varies widely. Choosing and ordering through suppliers on the Internet will be the easiest decision. For this, many convenient catalogs have been created, where all the technical characteristics of the unit are indicated, in the photo you can consider the nuances of the appearance and find out about the presence of a stove in the store and delivery methods. If there are representatives of the brands you are interested in in your city, then the purchase will be cheaper.

The prices of home stoves with water heating depend not only on the manufacturer, but also on the supplier. Furnaces "Breneran" model AOT-14 can be purchased for 28,000 rubles. Delivery costs to remote settlements will be more expensive.

Principle of operation

The design of such furnaces is based on pyrolysis - this is the process of fuel decomposition under the influence of high temperatures in a practically oxygen-free environment. To create these conditions, the oxygen supply in the primary combustion zone is shut off immediately after the fuel is ignited.

With a small amount of oxygen, wood begins to smolder, releasing a combustible gas, which consists of a mixture of carbon monoxide and methane. After formation, the gas enters the afterburner, where it ignites under the influence of the secondary oxygen supply, releasing a large amount of heat. This two-stage combustion of the combustible substance allows you to obtain maximum heat transfer.

Operation and care

In order to ensure maximum efficiency, the furnace should be kept in good condition, only dry fuel should be used, it should be properly loaded and the formation of condensation should be monitored. Before starting the furnace, the ash pan must be cleaned. Complete cleaning should be done every six months.

Conditions for correct use:

1. The chimney must be of sufficient height to provide draft.
2. The diameter of the chimney must be chosen equal to the diameter of the gate (choke) of the boiler.
3. The pipe must have a straight vertical section at a distance of 2 or more meters from the gate.
4. The entire chimney above the gate must be insulated and ensured the tightness of its joints.
5. The boiler is installed clearly horizontally without tilting to any side.
6. A metal sheet must be placed in front of the heater.
7. Do not extinguish a burning or smoldering substance with water. If necessary, use sand or completely block the air inlet.

An important factor in heating the stove is the moisture content of the wood. The use of poorly dried wood material leads to the formation of a large amount of soot on the walls of the firebox and condensation. The mixture of moisture and soot is a very corrosive environment that quickly erodes the walls of the fuel compartment, therefore constant cleaning will be required.

How to increase burning time and efficiency

In most cases, boilers from manufacturers are already supplied with factory settings, which do not always correlate correctly with the operating conditions and the fuel used. Because of this, a situation may arise when the potential inherent in the device is not fully revealed. In this case, you will need to change the initial settings.

The obvious signs of the need for reconfiguration are:

1. Bookmarking ends after 3-4 hours at optimum fuel moisture.
2. The firewood does not burn completely, leaving large fragments.

If the boiler needs a readjustment, it is better to contact a specialist. Independent attempts can lead to an even more disastrous result.

How to properly load fuel

With the correct setting, even small power units can heat a house for 6-12 hours. But there are models that assume fuel filling once a day.Let us consider this process in detail using the example of firewood; with other types of fuel, everything happens in the same way.

Procedure:

1. The entire volume of the fuel chamber must be tightly filled. On top of large fragments, you need to lay chips and paper.
2. Then you need to fire up. Unlike conventional furnaces, pyrolysis boilers set fire to the bookmark from the top, not the bottom.
3. During firing up, the furnace and blower doors must be fully open. After the firewood has flared up, you need to completely close the firebox and install the valve so that smoldering begins.
4. Then the second valve opens in the afterburner of pyrolysis gases, which leads to their spontaneous combustion.

The wood must be dry, and using damp wood will result in a long fire and low heat output.

Power calculation and installation of a wood-burning unit

A large selection of manufacturers and models of long-burning furnaces they offer can discourage any buyer. After all, all devices differ among themselves both in power and functionality, and in cost. There are even ovens on sale that will not only keep the house warm, but also help in cooking. Choosing a model not only for heating power, but also for its attractive appearance, you should give preference to a fireplace stove.

Factory-made devices are always accompanied by instructions, where the smallest details are spelled out, highlighting the appropriateness of the use of a particular fuel, the rules for operating the unit and its functionality. However, even with very scrupulous observance of all these points, there is a possibility of making any mistake.

To calculate the power of the device, it is necessary to have information on the volume of the room. The ratio of the power indicator of the furnace and the heated area is presented in any manual. It will still be useful to independently calculate the required parameters.

In order for 9 kW of energy to enter the room, 3 kg of fuel must be put into the furnace. This amount of firewood will be required to heat a 60 sq. m with a ceiling height of up to 3 m. If the device is selected by the owner of the house, where the corresponding value of the upper inner covering of the room corresponds to the standard 2.5 m, then he should proceed from the following ratio: 1 kW / 10 sq. m.

For the installation of wood burning stoves, the following algorithm of actions has been developed:

Due to the intense heating of a device made entirely of metal, it is necessary to consider carefully the choice of a suitable location

It is necessary to install the stove away from the walls, which is especially important for a wooden house. In this case, the device should not interfere with the movement of people in the room.
Having picked up a place for mounting the furnace, you should take care of its equipment

For this, you can build a small firefighting platform. Suitable materials are brick, concrete, fireproof drywall, etc. In any case, such a site should be wider than the heating installation itself.
If it is impossible to ensure the installation of the stove away from wooden walls, they should be insulated with non-combustible materials.
A sandwich pipe is perfect for arranging a direct chimney. Care must be taken to install heat-resistant insulation in those places where the channel will pass through the floors and the ceiling structure. In this case, it will be possible to prevent heating of the wooden surfaces.
After completing the indicated measures, you should install the stove and connect it to the chimney.

When choosing a device, we advise you to pay attention to a long-burning wood-burning unit made of cast iron.Even if it costs a little more, properties such as attractive appearance, corrosion resistance and long-term heat retention may outweigh all arguments about its price.

Special Notes

Let's define for ourselves the points that you need to know to perform the correct installation of a long-burning stove:

The assembly of pipes for the chimney must be done towards the movement of gases

This will prevent the resin formed by mixing condensate and soot from burnt fuel from dripping onto the floor.
It is important to test the operation of the long burning stove. This is done in order to determine the most appropriate heating mode for the conditions in the house.
To ensure systematic cleaning of the chimney from internal contamination, this element of the heating structure must be mounted so that, if necessary, it can be disassembled and reassembled.
An effective mode of cleaning from resin build-up is determined empirically

They must be removed in a timely manner, and then the stove will last much longer.
Considering the fact that the body of the stove can warm up significantly during the operation of the device, it is important to protect the space around it from the presence of people, the presence of flammable objects and liquids.

Construction of a furnace from a metal barrel

If the decision regarding the construction of a homemade stove is made, you must first prepare all the necessary material, namely:

• a metal barrel with a volume of 200 liters (it must be made of stainless steel, cast iron or steel);
• two steel pipes of different lengths;
• Red brick;
• metal channel;
• building mixture;
• cement.

You also need to prepare tools, without which it will be impossible to perform certain actions. These include:

• axe;
• welding machine;
• roulette;
• hammer;
• set of electrodes;
• plumb lines for installation;
• building level;
• Bulgarian.

It will be easier to build a homemade stove if you follow the step-by-step instructions:

1. You need to take a prepared cylinder (it is recommended to use an empty gas cylinder).
2. Unscrew the valve.
3. Fill the bottle with water.
4. Cut off the top of it and set it aside (it will be used later).
5. They take cuts of reinforcement and weld them to the bottom of the barrel, constructing legs.
6. A circle with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the main body is cut out of a metal sheet.
7. Another circle is cut in the cut out circle in the middle.
8. A pipe is applied to the cut-out inner round hole, and then a pipe is welded, which will serve as a chimney.
9. On the reverse side of this metal circle, four sections of the channel are welded, which are located perpendicular to each other.
10. Take the previously cut off top of the barrel, cut a hole for the pipe in its center.
11. A hole is cut in the body, which will be used for loading fuel.
12. A metal door is welded to the cut hole.
13. A handle is welded to the door.
14. Below this door, another smaller hole is cut out, and the door is also welded to it.
15. Next, a place is prepared in which a homemade stove will be installed (they make a depression in the wall).
16. At the bottom of the constructed niche, a layer of brick is laid out and poured with cement.
17. Check that the constructed site is perfectly level.
18. The following steps are aimed at installing a chimney pipe. A straight piece of pipe is welded to the hole in the barrel.
19. The main part of the chimney is constructed from a curved pipe.
20. Lay an asbestos fabric that will provide reliable insulation.
21. Attach the clamp.
22. A special cap is installed on the upper part of the pipe, which will provide reliable protection against pollution and natural precipitation.
23. A reflector is installed, which is also called a protective screen for the furnace (it is made of metal or brick).

This completes the process of constructing a long-burning furnace.During the operation of such a unit, high temperature air is supplied, due to which it is possible to heat up the interior space of the room well.

You can build a long-burning stove that will operate on wood with your own hands. Before starting work, it is necessary to take into account all the recommendations of specialists, prepare high-quality materials and tools. You will also need skills in working with special tools or a specialist of the appropriate level.

Slobozhanka

The stove got its name from the historical area where it "was born". It is a complete heating appliance with a hob.

According to the principle of operation, the Slobozhanka is similar to the bubafony, but the air flow here is carried out from the side. Then it is pulled into the perforated casing located inside the housing and rises up. In this case, the fuel takes as much air as is required for smoldering, and the excess moves on.

Air in the slobozhanka enters all the fuel layers, so the pyrolysis process is more active, and the furnace works more efficiently.

Making a stove with your own hands

A long-burning heating stove can be easily made with your own hands. Most often, steel drums, spent gas cylinders or large-diameter pipes act as a basis. The main selection criterion is the thickness of the steel (at least 5 mm). The height of the proposed unit is at least 1 meter. The duration of the equipment operation directly depends on the amount of fuel.

Calculation of parameters

The parameters can be easily calculated using the drawing below, which reflects the internal structure of the furnace with all the required dimensions.

Tools and materials

Before starting the assembly, you should carefully consider and prepare all the necessary tools.

For work you will need:

1. Welding transformer or inverter.
2. Angle grinder (angle grinder), in common people "grinder".
3. Circle for angle grinders.
4. Drill and drill set for metal.
5. Hammer and anvil.
6. Level, plumb line and tape measure.

If the design of the heating unit provides for the arrangement of a water circuit, then it is additionally required to stock up on sheet steel and two threaded nozzles for inserting the boiler into the hydraulic heating system.

You also need to prepare materials:

1. Large-volume steel container with walls from 5 mm thick.
2. Metal pipe with a diameter of at least 60 mm.
3. Steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm.
4. Steel channel or corner 50-60 mm.
5. A metal sheet with a thickness of at least 5 mm, with dimensions slightly larger than the diameter of the body.
6. Steel sheet 3 mm thick.
7. Door hinges.

After installation, a reflector is made around the furnace, but it is planned before measurements and welding.

Seat selection

The stove should be installed in compliance with all fire safety rules. The unit should not be installed near combustible objects or near a wall.

The design of the furnace is quite heavy and you will need to make a foundation before installation. After installing it, you can start creating a reflector. It will help distribute heat evenly throughout the room. Any heat-resistant material, for example, brick, is suitable for its manufacture.

Furnace assembly

After completing all preparations, you can proceed to the direct assembly.

Main steps:

With the help of a grinder, the top of the barrel is carefully cut off, in the future it will be needed to create a lid.
An air distributor is cut out of a sheet of steel 5-6 mm thick - a circle with a smaller diameter than the barrel itself. The cut edges are carefully cleaned.
A hole with a diameter of 20 mm is made in the center of the cut-out air distributor, a pipe is welded to it to supply air to the combustion zone.
On the reverse side of the flat piston, four blades are welded, which should not protrude beyond the air distributor. Thanks to them, there will be an air gap between the metal pancake and the wood, which is necessary for burning the fuel.
A lid is made from the previously cut top of the barrel. For this, a metal strip is welded on the outside along the entire contour.

It is important that its diameter allows you to freely install the top of the stove on the body.
A hole is cut in the cover several millimeters larger than the air duct. After that, the handle is welded onto the hatch for storing fuel.
A hatch for cleaning the oven is cut out in the lower part of the body.

We must try to ensure that the door fits perfectly to the body. For this, a metal strip and hinges are welded around the perimeter. A gate valve is installed.
On the other side of the stove, at a distance of 50–100 mm from its upper cut, a chimney is cut from a piece of steel pipe, into which the chimney will enter with a slight interference.

On this, the manufacture of a vertical-type solid-fuel unit can be considered complete. It remains to install the unit in place and connect the chimney.

What types of wood are suitable for heating

Pyrolysis boilers are versatile in terms of the fuel used. They can work on wood, coal, pellets and peat briquettes. Only dry fuel should be used for backfilling.

Common types of wood:

1. The best are oak firewood. Birch and pine trees burn quickly, but contain a lot of resins. Aspen, alder and linden trees do not flare up well, but then they smolder for a long time.
2. Pellets. They are compressed granules. They are made from agricultural waste (straw, sunflower husk) or lumber waste (wood chips, sawdust, shavings).
3. Fuel briquettes. The main filling material is the same as in pellets. But they are pressed in the form of briquettes up to 45 cm long.
4. Coal. It cannot be used in steel structures, only cast iron are suitable for it. When burned, coal generates a lot of heat, which causes the destruction of the walls of the chamber.

The key point when choosing a fuel for a pyrolysis boiler is the passport data of the equipment, which indicates the possible types and consumption of fuel for each specific model.

Technical nuances

• The oven should not stand close to walls, objects, etc. Keep enough space around it.
• The oven gets very hot - do not keep flammable materials, fuel, anything that can catch fire, dry out or melt near it.
• When making a chimney, think about how to clean it in the future. The best option is to make it collapsible.
• If the chimney is a prefabricated one, mount the elements so that the joints are located in the opposite direction to the moving gases.

When cleaning out the ash, leave a part of it every time. If the combustion takes place on an ash bed, the bottom of the furnace will not burn out longer.

Criteria for a good stove for summer cottages

A country stove must satisfy several conditions, which makes it more or less a desirable heating device in a country house:

• It should warm up quickly and give off heat well. This will allow you, having arrived at the dacha, not to walk around the room for several hours in winter boots and a jacket.
• It should be compact, if only because the larger the stove, the longer it will heat itself until it starts to warm the air in the rooms. The correct location of the stove at the junction of rooms will allow you to heat even several rooms. In a one-two-room house, the construction of a bulky stove is completely meaningless.

Compact oven does not take up space in a small room

• Nobody wants to buy a firewood car and find that it was not enough for the heating season. Cost considerations are paramount, which means that the furnace must have the highest possible efficiency.
• Since the summer cottage can be located away from the gas main, the stove turns from a heater into a cooking device. The presence of an oven and hob is a plus.
• The implementation of the long-term burning mode in the country furnace will allow not to waste time and not be distracted by constantly placing logs in the firebox.

Installation features

An air distributor is used to control the combustion area. Oxygen is supplied through a pipe led through the top cover. The unimpeded movement of the distributor is carried out due to the difference in diameters.

The thickness of the burning layer depends on the height of the impeller

It is recommended that you pay special attention to this parameter. If the height of the blades is too high, the fuel will burn very quickly.

It has been experimentally established that the optimal height should not exceed 50 mm.

The diameter of the air channel is chosen at least 60 mm. The size of the distributor opening more than 20 mm is considered excessive, since the oversaturation with oxygen increases the intensity of combustion, which is unacceptable for an aggregate of this type. Read the mixer for a warm water floor in our article.

The principle of operation of the long burning oven

A distinctive feature of the long-term combustion process is that solid fuel burns not from bottom to top, but vice versa - from top to bottom. As the upper layers burn out, the flame sinks lower, affecting layer by layer. To understand why the wood burns longer in this case, one should turn to the physical component of the process.

A simple example is a match or a torch. If you turn them with the burning end down or to the side, they will burn very quickly. But if the flame is directed upward, then the combustion process will be much longer. In this case, the match will release much more heat energy.

Long-term burning in stoves is provided by smoldering wood at high temperatures, and the intensity of heat generation is regulated by supplying air through the vents or blower.

A high indicator of the efficiency of furnaces based on long-term combustion is obtained due to the pyrolysis process, or thermochemical decomposition of solid fuel components. In this case, the logs burn out completely, and heat is released through the chimney in small volumes.

Such stoves appeared during the times of war communism in Russia, when even firewood was in short supply, and boiler houses did not work. These devices also saved the population from the cold during the Patriotic War.

The potbelly stove device is ingenious and is an improved version of Russian stoves. Its construction consists of a metal body with two doors and a chimney. Firewood is thrown into the upper hole, and with the help of the lower door they regulate the air supply and, accordingly, the combustion and smoldering process.

Note! The potbelly stove is omnivorous, so you can burn everything that is at hand in it - coal, firewood and even old furniture. Due to the pyrolysis process, combustion occurs slowly, and more heat enters the room.

A traditional stone stove consumes a huge amount of solid fuel, which cannot be said about a potbelly stove, which consumes it sparingly.

Due to the pyrolysis process, combustion occurs slowly, and more heat enters the room. A traditional stone stove consumes a huge amount of solid fuel, which cannot be said about a potbelly stove, which consumes it sparingly.

The genius of the potbelly stove lies in the absence of a grate inside the metal case. The air through the lower door is directed directly to the fuel mass. Covered blown - burning dies down, openly - intensifies.

The efficient operation of the stove is possible when the firebox is filled with wood only to a quarter of its volume.Therefore, it should not be jammed, otherwise the pyrolysis process will be disrupted.

What to focus on when choosing

Before purchasing a stove, it is worth determining for yourself what functions the device should have. Your choice depends on whether this unit will be the main source of heat or serve as an assistant for a gas or electric boiler. Decide if you are attracted to the cooking function available on some stoves, and how it might come in handy in your summer cottage.

Be sure to consider the size and characteristics of your space as well. Taking into account the parameters of the room, decide on the required power, efficiency and heat transfer of the purchased equipment. Depending on the area of ​​the allocated space for the installation of the furnace, the dimensions of the unit are selected.

If you periodically need to heat a living space in a short time, you need to purchase a model with a body made of steel. Such material has the property of giving off heat to the space immediately after heating. Under the described conditions, a potbelly stove is perfect.

For permanent residence in a small house, the best option would be an alternative to the classic Russian stove - a long-burning device, characterized by a modern appearance, presentability and high fire safety.

The video will help you get acquainted with the principle of operation of some heating units:

Chimney installation

Any stove, the principle of which is based on the combustion of any fuel, needs to be equipped with a chimney.

The chimney can be made from an ordinary metal pipe with a diameter of 150 mm. This is the most optimal size. With a larger diameter, the draft will be excessively strong, which will negatively affect the efficiency of the heating unit. With a smaller diameter, the chimney may simply not cope with its task.

Preparing the clamp

Cooking the pipe

First, a small straight piece of pipe is welded to a pre-prepared hole in the barrel body

It is important that its length is greater than the diameter of the unit body.

The main part of the chimney is usually made curved. It is undesirable for the bend to exceed 45 degrees. Try to assemble the chimney with as few elbows as possible.

Laying asbestos fabric

We fasten the clamp

In places where the chimney crosses all sorts of building elements, equip insulation with refractory materials, for example, from asbestos.

Install a cap on the top edge of the chimney to protect it from debris, snow and other precipitation.

The chimney itself is recommended to be equipped with a valve to regulate the draft level and heating intensity.

Make a collapsible chimney - it will be easier to clean it this way.

View from the room

View from the street

The oven is in operation. Chimney