Do-it-yourself oven masonry - Swedish order
Traditionally, a Swedish stove with her own hands is assembled from ceramic red bricks, and the material that was in use is categorically not suitable here. But fireclay brick is suitable for the firebox.
In addition, even before starting work, you will have to prepare such basic elements of the furnace as:
- blew,
- oven,
- furnace structure,
- grates and valves,
- doors for cleaning,
- as well as a steel strip.
Moreover, the amount of materials required for work for each specific case will be determined by the dimensions and option of ordering the furnace.
stove masonry Swedish In any case, the foundation should be slightly larger than the dimensions of the future furnace. For it, concrete is used, which is poured in layers between broken brick and crushed stone. After pouring the last layer, a waterproofing layer is necessarily laid. Only after that you can start laying bricks of the order, see the drawings and diagrams.
Heating and cooking ovens for home and summer cottages
If a private house does not have a supply to the central heating network, installing a conventional brick oven is an excellent option. Although, in fact, a modern oven is not quite ordinary. Nowadays, the only acceptable option is a long-burning stove, which you can make with your own hands both in a simple version from an ordinary barrel, and in a more complex and aesthetically pleasing one - from oven bricks.
The advantage of this stove is that its efficiency is almost 100%, which even a Russian stove cannot boast of. In addition, these ovens can be of different designs, the most modernized of which is a brick cooking oven equipped with an oven and stove for cooking. Cooking at home on an open fire instead of gas is a pleasure few can afford.
Arrangement of a chimney is an important stage in creating a do-it-yourself stove
When ordering heating and cooking stoves, it is necessary to take care of the device of such a structure as a chimney. For many schemes, a recommendation is provided on the most desirable type and method of equipment for a structure that ensures the removal of flue gases and combustion products. However, it so happens that the owner of the building himself can determine the option that he will use.
The construction of the chimney is an important step. Therefore, when erecting it with your own hands, it is necessary to do everything very carefully, fulfilling all the requirements of the technology. The fact is that the correctness of its work directly affects:
- heating efficiency;
- the quality of the functioning of the furnace.
Today, there are many options for devices that can ensure the removal of gases. Most often they have a standard design. Although among them you can find several non-standard models. Such products are used for special types of ovens. The presence of such a large selection makes it possible to choose such an option for the chimney, which will ensure the most efficient operation of the stove of any design. The heating system, created on the basis of the Swedish order, is no exception here.
DIY heating stove: masonry
To ensure the correctness of the masonry, drawings of heating and cooking stoves with orders are used.
From the very first row in such a model, the furnaces provide for laying a blower.
When laying out the second row, a blower door is installed, pre-wrapped with an asbestos cord.
In the fourth row, holes for the circulation of heated air are designated, and on the fifth, a grate is laid. For the walls of the firebox and the threshold, silicate bricks are used.
In the sixth row mount a furnace door wrapped with an asbestos cord.
From 6 to 10 rows, the laying is performed according to the scheme. It is advisable to fasten the tenth row with a frame welded from a corner.
In the eleventh row, a hob is placed on an asbestos gasket.
From 12 to 16 rows, brick laying is done according to the scheme.
Above the hob in the 17th row, a corner is laid to accommodate the 18th row, on which the framing of the chamber above the stove is closed.
Rows 19 to 23 form the drying chamber. On the nineteenth row, a drying door is mounted.
On the twenty-fourth row, a metal corner is placed for laying the ceiling of the dryer, and the next row is placed on it. On the 25th row, there is a cleaning door.
From row 26 to row 29, laying is done according to the scheme.
On the 30th row, 2 valves are mounted.
For row 38, laying continues according to the scheme.
The subsequent rows refer to the part of the heating stove that goes to the second floor of the house. The order for it has its own numbering (1-32 rows).
In rows 2-3, a door is placed on the opening for cleaning, and in the twenty-seventh - a chimney valve.
Part of the stove, located on the second floor, is laid out in the form of a wide chimney. And it acquires the form of a narrow pipe under the very ceiling of the second floor. Further, the pipe goes through the attic to the roof. Its head is covered with a special umbrella, which protects it from precipitation, debris and dust.
Calculation of basic parameters
Before choosing a working project for a heater, it is necessary to make a preliminary calculation according to the parameters of a particular room. The most accurate method is sizing based on the heat dissipation of the furnace. In order not to go into complicated calculations, a simplified calculation scheme proposed by I.V.Kuznetsov is used for well-insulated houses. This method uses the average heat output taken from one square meter of the unit surface (TMEP). For a conventional firebox, take a value of 0.5 kW / sq. m, and if necessary, intensive heating, which occurs with a strong cold snap - up to 0.76 kW / sq. m.
In principle, these values are already enough to select a suitable project from those that can be found in the public domain. If the available options are not suitable for any reason, then you will need to calculate the parameters of the main elements of the furnace and design your own design.
Firebox
The dimensions of the furnace are determined based on the maximum volume of the fuel fill. In this case, the amount of combustible materials is calculated using their calorific value and specific gravity, focusing on the required power. The volume of the firebox should be 2–3 times larger than the obtained value, which will allow the stove to be reheated at extremely low temperatures.
When calculating the size of the combustion chamber, it must be borne in mind that the maximum filling should not exceed 2/3 of the volume of the combustion chamber. In addition, the dimensions of the furnace and all its components must be adjusted to the size of the bricks used for laying the furnace. In your calculations, you can use special tables developed taking into account the need to heat rooms of various sizes.
Calculation table for the main elements of a brick oven
Ash pan
The height of the ash pan depends on the type of fuel used. For low ash combustible materials such as coal or peat briquettes, this value is taken equal to 1/3 of the height of the firebox. If the stove is fired with wood or pellets, then the height of the ash chamber must be reduced to 1/5.
Chimney
When calculating the chimney, it should be borne in mind that the place of its installation must comply with SNiP
Unlike gas heating equipment, wood stoves do not require a lot of draft, so a rectangle would be the best shape of the smoke channel. When calculating the chimney, it is taken into account that the section of the blower should not exceed the area of its gas duct, while all values are adjusted to the dimensions of a standard brick. Since accurate design requires a lot of data and parameters, it is best to use one of the special programs. Nevertheless, for the most common cases (no kinks in the smoke channel, vertical passage, rectangular section, height from 4 to 12 m), you can use the average values for furnaces with a power of up to 14 kW:
- Less than 3.5 kW - 140x140 mm.
- 5 - 5.2 kW - 140x200 mm.
- From 5.2 to 7.2 kW - 140x270 mm.
- From 7.2 to 10.5 kW - 200x200 kW.
- 5 - 14 kW - 200x270 mm.
To calculate the amount of material required, it is best to use special tables. Below is one of them.
Calculating the number of bricks
Advantages of a heating and cooking oven
- If the masonry of the heating and cooking stove is made, with a strict guideline for the drawings, it is able to provide heat to the entire room. At the same time, the owners will save a lot without hiring specialists.
- There are many types of ovens, but you can always stop at a suitable option that is optimal for the installation.
- The design is multifunctional, which saves on materials and money. A person does not need to equip individual structures for specific purposes.
- Drawings are simple, and anyone can understand them.
- If step-by-step instructions are used, then during operation the stove should work without flaws.
Furnace constructive elements
Any brick oven, no matter what configuration it is and what masonry scheme it uses, includes several common structural elements that will be present in all models.
Foundation
The base of the entire furnace device on which it rests. Depending on the type and size, a brick oven can reach a weight of two to three tons. Such a heavy load must not be spread over the floors. Neither columnar, nor pile, nor strip foundations assume such a load. The only option when you can do without the construction of a special base is a slab monolith. In other cases, the foundation for the furnace must be built separately from the existing one. It is not recommended to tie them together, since the difference in the load can lead to deformation in the future.
The stove will be the heaviest item in the house, so the foundation must match
Array
The mass is called the "body" of the furnace, which, in turn, is subdivided into several parts. Above the foundation, after the waterproofing layer, a base is erected - it separates it from the firebox and consists of several solid layers of bricks. They protect the bottom of the oven from overheating while heating the floors. A firebox is being built over the base - the part where the process of burning wood or coal will take place.
The firebox consists of a combustion chamber and a blower, each of these parts is equipped with a door of the corresponding size. Firewood is loaded through the furnace door, and soot, ash and ash are raked out through the blower door, and traction is also created. The combustion chamber and the blower (also called the ash pan) are separated by a grate. It is not her that the loaded fuel lies. The air passing through the blower fan blows the flame from below, and heat and combustion products are emitted into the chimney. The grate is made of thick cast iron so that it can withstand long-term exposure to high temperatures.
A good grate is cast iron
Further configuration depends on the type of oven.It can be equipped with a hob, oven, hotplates, as well as warm niches or a stove bench (beds). Many of these functions can be combined in one device. The removal of hot gases and heat from the furnace to the chimney is carried out through channels, their schemes are varied.
Video - Detailed bricklaying of a brick oven
If the stove is put only for cooking, then the channels are laid out so that after heating the hob and oven, the heat freely goes into the chimney. The heating stove has no devices for cooking, but it is equipped with several smoke circuits. Hot air passing through them heats up the oven itself more, which gives off heat to the room. The most widespread are combined ovens, where cooking devices are connected to curved channels or a rough oven. Such a stove is located in the middle of the house so that a part of the stove array goes into each room.
Chimneys
After the air and carbon monoxide bends around all the twists of the channels, they are discharged into the chimney - a pipe that goes outside. In brick ovens, the pipe is also made of brick, and its output is most often carried out through the roof. Nowadays, prefabricated chimneys of a circular cross section with locks have become widespread.
They are made according to the sandwich principle: a layer of dense heat-resistant insulation is laid between the inner and outer pipes of different diameters. Such a pipe is very easy to install and clean: the locks are disassembled, the clogged area is cleaned, then the entire system is reassembled. True, an adapter is required to connect a brick oven with such a chimney.
When passing through the ceilings, the chimney is lined with mineral wool
Classification of heating and cooking furnaces
Furnaces of this type are classified by material. They come in both brick and metal. In addition, there is their classification according to the method of application:
- stationary structures - they are built or put in place of application once and for all without the possibility of changing their location;
- transported stoves - can be transported by means of transport in a non-separable form;
- mobile structures - have a compact size and can be collapsible. Available for transport in the luggage compartment, and even in bags. They can work without special arrangements.
An important role in the functions of the stove is played by its hob. On the one hand, it should be designed so that heat loss is minimal, but on the other hand, it should heat the dishes as hot as possible.
The most optimal option for surface construction is cast iron. A solid stove will be used to heat food, while cooking and frying will be done on a burner with removable liners.
Conclusion
The process of arranging a hob for heating a summer cottage or a country house with your own hands seems to be a rather difficult task for all owners who have never had to do this business.
For this reason, it is worth paying attention to an ordering scheme that will help simplify this task. It describes everything in such a form that allows you to understand the essence of the process of building a furnace to any person who first decided to build a furnace on their own.
An important point is that the use of ordering is guaranteed to ensure the efficient operation of the furnace, which is successfully complemented by its availability for implementation when arranging furnaces of different designs.