Waste oil furnace: 4 design options

Method and rules of operation

One of the important rules for installing and using the furnace for mining is that it must be installed strictly horizontally. This must be taken into account even at the manufacturing stage. If the floor is not level, you can make adjustable feet.

Here are some more tips for using the wonderful stove:

Fill the lower chamber with oil about two-thirds. Less is possible, more is not possible.
The oil itself does not burn, its vapors burn. When oil is poured, a sheet of paper or rags or foam rubber is ignited and lowered into the lower container.
There is another option - add about 40 grams of gasoline or other flammable liquid. A wick is made using a long wire

A rag is wound at the end, ignited and carefully lowered into the combustion chamber.
When something burns in the chamber, heat is generated, the oil begins to boil.
In 5 -10 minutes after the start of the process, the oil boils and there is a stable evolution of vapors. By adjusting the damper, a suitable operating mode is set.

How do I clean the oven?

It is not very convenient to clean the oven, because it is practically not collapsible (only the cover from the lower chamber is removed).

And here, everyone acts as conveniently and as far as imagination allows. Someone does this with a wire, someone falls asleep through the pipe sand and gravel. A hammer helps, which needs to be tapped on all walls.

The most original way is cleaning with a firecracker. The stove is removed from the room. A firecracker is thrown at it, people run away to a safe distance. Then the carbon deposits are manually cleaned.

How to properly operate furnaces during mining, how to maintain them

There are rules for the operation and maintenance of waste oil furnaces. And they must be adhered to:

1. It is forbidden to fill the fuel tank with used oil more than 2/3 of its volume.
2. It is better to use paper or rags for lighting. It is better not to use flammable liquids.
3. The unit's operating mode must be set with a special flap located in the lower fuel tank.
4. You cannot use other liquid substances in the form of fuel, because the structure is intended only for burning oil.
5. The optimal location of the stove is away from the walls, closer to the floor. It is better not to install it on high stands.
6. Do not leave a working device unattended.
7. The room in which such a stove will be installed must be equipped with well-functioning ventilation.
8. It is forbidden to store explosive and flammable substances near the device.
9. Waste oil used as fuel must not contain water or antifreeze. They explode with strong heating of the mining. Therefore, it is recommended to filter the oil before use.
10. Do not add oil to the fuel tank until it has completely burned out. The filled new portion will cool the mixture, which will stop burning.
11. You can clean the stove using any available means. The frequency is determined by the degree of contamination of the instrument.

Most important design features

First of all, the surface on which the stove is installed must be strictly horizontal so that the oil in the tank is evenly distributed.

For the manufacture of the device, you need to choose only high-quality and heat-resistant materials. For the chimney, steel with a thickness of at least 3 mm is used. Its outer part can be made of galvanized or asbestos-cement pipes. The inner diameter of the smoke ducts must be at least 10 cm.

At the exit from the furnace, a small section of the pipe is set at an angle of 30 °, and then it must go strictly vertically. For the tank, metal with a thickness of 3 mm or more is used. The diameter of the holes in the connecting pipe is selected so that it is equal to about a tenth of the diameter of the chimney.

It is important to provide a damper in the lower tank, which will allow you to regulate the strength of the flame.

We make a pyrolysis furnace for mining

Now you know how to assemble a stove from a gas cylinder with your own hands. The unit working on mining or any oil will delight you with a lot of heat. For example, the above scheme of a working furnace is designed to heat a room with an area of ​​70-80 sq. m. Let's now consider the scheme for creating a pyrolysis unit - that is, a small potbelly stove.

Diagram of the assembly of a pyrolysis furnace working on mining.

This oven will consist of three main parts:

• Oil container with lid and flap;
• Combustion / pyrolysis chamber;
• Afterburner chamber.

All this is crowned with a chimney. Its recommended length is at least three meters, but chimneys with a height of 4-5 meters work best.

The oil container is made from a piece of pipe with a diameter of 344 mm, its height is 100 mm. We weld a sheet metal cover from below. We have a removable top cover, it is made of a pipe with a diameter of 352 mm - sides with a height of 600 are welded to it. In the cover we make a central hole for a combustion chamber with a diameter of 100 mm. Next we make a hole with a diameter of 60 mm - it will serve as a blower. This opening is closed by a simple revolving cover.

By adjusting the blower clearance, we will be able to regulate the intensity of combustion, which will affect the air temperature in the room. If you completely close the blower while the furnace is running, it can go out.

We make an afterburner - we use a pipe with a diameter of 352 mm and a height of 100 mm. In the lower part we make a hole with a diameter of 100 mm, into which the pipe of the combustion chamber is inserted. In the top cover we make a hole with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney. Inside, closer to the chimney hole, we weld a small partition 330 mm wide and 70 mm high. Our do-it-yourself oven is almost ready.

It remains to modify the combustion chamber. Everything is simple here - we take a drill and a 9 mm drill, drill 48 holes (6 rows of 8 holes each). With a total height of the combustion chamber pipe of 360 mm, the holes should be located 20 mm from the bottom and 50 mm from the top.

After completing all work, check the tightness of all welds - this will allow you to count on the maximum efficiency of the stove.

Check the performance of the resulting unit on the street. This will save you from possible fire and other accidents.

We start testing the furnace - we install it on the street, pour the working off into a container for oil, pour kerosene on top. Light it carefully, leaving the blower open. After a while, the stove will return to operating mode - you can adjust the intensity of combustion using the blower. After that, the stove is transferred to the room (it must be ventilated).

In order for the heating to be as efficient as possible, install the furnace in the corner, and cover the side walls with galvanized iron so that all the heat is reflected into the room.

Stove on waste oil from a pipe with your own hands

It is easiest to make a furnace body from a gas or oxygen cylinder, pipe or barrel with thick walls (read: "How to make a working furnace from a gas cylinder - theory and practice"). Such a unit will be able to produce a maximum of 15 kW of heat. It will not be possible to exceed this threshold, since due to a violation of the thermal regime, the boiler will begin to smoke, and this is quite dangerous.

First, we need to create a corpus - this is done in the following sequence:

1. We take a pipe with a cross section of 21 cm with a wall thickness of 1 cm and a height of 78 cm.
2. To make the bottom, we take sheet steel with a thickness of more than 0.5 cm.After cutting out the bottom with a diameter of 21.9 cm, we weld it on one side.
3. Next, legs are welded to the bottom, which can be made from bolts.
4. Now you need to make a viewing window, which is located at a distance of 8 cm from the bottom. It is necessary to observe the flare-up of the bowl at the start. The size of the window is determined based on personal preference. The door is made from a cut piece of pipe, to which a thin shoulder is welded. To close the door tightly, an asbestos cord is laid around its perimeter.

1. A flue pipe with a section of 10.8 cm and walls with a thickness of 0.4 cm is welded on the opposite side of the body, 7-10 cm from the top.

We make a cover:

1. We take a piece of metal 0.5 cm thick and cut out a circle with a diameter of 22.8 cm.
2. Along the edge of the circle, we weld a collar of 3 mm metal with a height of 4 cm.
3. In the center of the cover we make a hole with a section of 8.9 cm, and cut a hole with a diameter of 1.8 cm on the side. The second hole is necessary to obtain an additional viewing window. It requires a cover, which is also a safety valve.

Now, for the blowing furnace, it is necessary to make a pipe for transporting air and fuel:

1. You will need a pipe with a cross section of 8.9 cm, a wall thickness of 0.3 cm and a length of 76 cm.
2. We drill 9 holes around the circumference, while 5 cm should be retreated from the edge, and their diameter should be 0.5 cm.
3. Having stepped back 5 cm, we make two more rows, 8 each, holes with a cross section of 0.42 mm.
4. After another 5 cm, 9 holes are drilled in the fourth row with a section of 0.3 cm.
5. On the same side along the edge, make 9 slots 0.16 cm thick and 3 cm high. For this, you can use a grinder.
6. From the opposite end of the pipe, stepping back from the edge of 0.5-0.7 cm, we make a hole with a section of 1 cm.
7. We put the fuel supply pipe into the prepared hole. The thickness of its wall should be 0.1 cm, and the cross-section should be 1 cm. It should be on the same level with the air supply pipe. Its bend and length are determined by the location of the fuel container.
8. The pipe for supplying air and fuel is welded to the cover. It must be positioned in such a way that 12 cm remains from it to the base of the case.

It's time to make a fuel bowl for the supercharged test stove:

1. First, we take a pipe with a cross section of 13.3 cm and a wall thickness of 0.4 cm, cut off a piece 3 cm long.
2. Now we cut out a circle with a diameter of 21.9 cm from 2 mm sheet steel.
3. Having welded it to a piece of pipe, we get a bowl into which we will supply fuel.

We begin to assemble a garage oven for testing:

1. We retreat from the bottom of the case 7 cm and mount the bowl inside it.
2. We mount the cover together with the fuel supply device.
3. We install the chimney on the chimney. The chimney must be located strictly vertically, even slight slopes are prohibited. The part of the pipe that remains in the room can not be insulated, and the part that goes outside is better insulated.

After the oil nozzle for the stove and the oil block are installed, proceed to testing. First, a certain amount of paper is placed in the bowl, a flammable liquid is added and set on fire. They switch to oil supply after the paper has practically burned out.

Taking into account the fuel consumption of 1-1.5 liters per hour, it will be possible to heat up to 150 square meters of premises.

How homemade oil ovens work

If you set fire to any waste oil, it will have a strong fumes and smell unpleasant. Therefore, direct combustion is not applicable. Volatile elements are initially vaporized and then incinerated. This approach forms the basis for the operation of the furnace of this design.

There are oil ovens with two combustion chambers. The lower chamber is designed to heat the fuel with its subsequent evaporation. Combustible vapors are directed upward, saturated with oxygen when passing through a pipe with holes. Getting into the upper part of the pipe, the mixture ignites, and its afterburning occurs in the second chamber. This releases more heat with less smoke.

The second method of splitting heavy fuel into flammable components is more efficient, but also more difficult to implement. To obtain the desired evaporation efficiency, a metal bowl is mounted in the lower chamber. After it is heated, the waste oil evaporates.

The principle of operation of the furnace during mining

According to the principle of operation, the waste oil oven is pyrolysis. Under the influence of temperature, complex nitrogen-carbon chains of oil molecules are first split into elementary chemical elements, then oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, and finally - cooled, simultaneously transforming into completely harmless nitrogen and water vapor.

Furnace design must strictly comply with the project

Despite the fact that the design of the stove is a little more complicated than the device of the pan, very complicated processes take place in it and the violation of the conditions for their flow can easily lead to the appearance of very dangerous nitrogen oxides, known as laughing gas.

If all the dimensions and shape of the stove are correct, the combustion of fuel will be very effective and there is almost no need to clean the chimney from soot and soot.

Structurally, the stove includes three main zones:

• combustion zone of vapors of boiling oil;
• zone of high-temperature combustion of pyrolysis products;
• afterburning chamber of combustible compounds and a lowering temperature jump.

For a deeper understanding of the work, consider a proven and very common design of a simple homemade stove.

The lower chamber is a flat container filled with oil. After the stove enters the operating mode, the top layer of oil boils, the resulting steam ignites. In the combustion zone, a lot of turbulent flows are formed, which play the role of a throttle, preventing the free flow of the burning mixture into the second zone. Self-regulation turns out. In addition, under the action of the Coriolis force, it is turbulent flows that swirl the burning gases into a vortex flow, which plays a decisive role in subsequent physical processes.

The air necessary for burning the oil enters through an opening with a damper. By opening the damper, you can adjust the combustion speed and heat output of the stove. When the damper is fully closed, the oven will gradually dim.

Having twisted into a tourniquet, burning oil vapors enter the second zone, where their high-temperature afterburning takes place. The chamber is a pipe of a certain diameter and height. For practically unlimited air access, many holes are made in the pipe. Rotating gases are actively mixed with oxygen, the oxidation process is very violent and the temperature of this zone can easily rise to 800-900 degrees and above. At this temperature, the nitrogen activity exceeds the oxygen activity, and a large amount of harmful nitrogen and carbon oxides is formed in the upper part of the second zone.

The upper chamber of the stove during mining performs two functions at once. First, there is the final oxygen afterburning of unburned pyrolysis residues. Secondly, the special design of the upper chamber provides a lowering temperature jump, during which nitrogen loses its activity and is again displaced by oxygen. As a result, completely harmless gaseous nitrogen, hot water vapor and solid particles of carbon monoxide are obtained at the outlet of the stove, which are discharged into the chimney and partially settle on its walls in the form of soot.

To ensure that all processes take place in strict accordance with theory, and the combustion products do not pose a danger, it is best to use ready-made drawings of a proven design, the effectiveness and safety of which has been confirmed by more than one dozen enthusiasts.

Factory supercharged units

There are not only self-made furnaces for working off with pressurization, but also those that are manufactured at enterprises. There are import options and Russian ones. Imported boilers run on liquid fuel. Due to the principle of pressurization, the oil in them is sprayed into tiny droplets, which are ignited after being combined with air. Imported stoves work on the same principle, but they are equipped with a special burner, in which the fuel is first heated up and only then sprayed.

Devices with the following names have this principle of operation:

• Gecko. Manufactured in Vladivostok. They are available with a capacity of 15, 30, 50 and 100 kW / hour. Such stoves can heat water, so they can be built into water heating systems.
• Typhoon. Such ovens are sold by the Belamos firm. They are designed to heat the air. Two models are proposed - Typhoon TM 15 and TGM 300, which are capable of delivering 20-30 kW / h.
• Herringbone-Turbo. The oven can be purchased with a capacity of 15 and 30 kW. They are also designed to warm up the air, but there is a possibility to make a water jacket.
• Teplamos. There are capacities from 5 to 50 kW / h. They are heat guns. To start them, the plasma bowl is first heated with electricity, and after reaching a certain temperature, they proceed to supply fuel and air to the combustion area.

Where to use a homemade furnace for mining

Since in the process of combustion, engine oil, especially used oil, does not emit the most pleasant smell, and from the point of view of health it is not very useful, it is better not to use this kind of stove in living quarters. If there is no other way out, a high-quality removal of combustion products is required.

Usually, stoves are mounted in non-residential premises - utility rooms, garages, sheds, workshops, and so on - where constant heating is not required, but only heating the air for a relatively short time.

Due to the fact that even the simplest designs of such a "garage potbelly stove" make it possible to regulate the intensity of fuel combustion, it is possible to provide either an economical mode of its use and gradual heating of the premises, or increased consumption with very rapid heating of the air volume.

How to increase the efficiency of a homemade stove?

The considered stove can be successfully used to heat garages, greenhouses and other similar objects. However, such a unit is not suitable for residential premises in the best way - a hot metal surface will "burn out" the air, and this is extremely unsafe for human health. Therefore, if you want to equip a heating system based on just such a furnace, the unit itself should be installed in a separate room, and direct heating should be organized using a traditional water system.

To equip the said heating, you need to pass the chimney through the water tank immediately after the place where the chimney exits from the top of the stove. Connect the supply and discharge connections to the tank. Place the fittings at different heights. Connect the water supply pipe to the upper fitting, and the liquid outlet to the lower one. Equip heating directly taking into account the area and other features of the heated building.

Also, to increase the efficiency of the oil furnace unit, you can equip an artificial air convection system. This system is based on a fan. With its help, cold air will be supplied to the upper compartment of the chimney. This air will be heated by the heat of the stove and additionally heat the room and at the same time cool the stove chamber, thus increasing the service life of the metal walls.

Thus, there is nothing difficult in self-assembly of an oil stove. By sequentially manufacturing the necessary elements and combining them into one structure, you will receive a reliable, cost-effective and efficient heating unit.

Happy work!

Pros and cons of waste oil furnaces

This heating method has become popular because of the cheap fuel. Not furnace oil is used, but already exhausted oil - fuel, transmission, motor, diesel fuel is allowed.

The advantages of such ovens:

• easy equipment manufacturing;
• affordable cost of materials;
• low cost of fuel compared to electricity, gas;
• maintenance does not require any significant costs;
• structural reliability;
• after a little modification, you can cook food on the stove.

Waste oil stoves are often used to heat garages, utility rooms and garden houses.

Table 1. Indicators of furnace operation when using MG-10 engine oil

Disadvantages of such ovens:

it is necessary to install a chimney without horizontal sections;
the need for thorough cleaning at least once a week, since burnt oil products clog the tube;
strong heating of the case, which requires special care when handling the device;
unpleasant smell when burning waste oil;
the flame goes out only after the fuel has completely burned out;
characteristic noise is heard during operation;
the fuel only ignites when the flash point is reached.

Waste oil furnace device

Pros and cons of this heating method

These ovens, in comparison with other designs, have undoubted advantages. Among them, the following are noted:

• low cost of the fuel used;
• simple and practical design, which almost completely excludes the possibility of breakage;
• the operation of the furnace does not depend on the ambient temperature;
• fast heating of small rooms;
• the ability to connect the whole building to the heating system (for this, a heat exchanger must be provided in the upper tank);
• does not need electricity or gas, so he is not afraid of turning them off (you can install the unit without obtaining the appropriate permits);
• can both heat the room and be used for cooking;
• the dimensions of the device are such that it can be transported even in a passenger car;
• during manufacturing, it will be possible to significantly save money by using secondary raw materials;
• low fire hazard when used correctly.

However, it is important to know about the disadvantages of oil furnaces during mining:

1. A fairly simple design is complicated by a chimney, which must be built regardless of which room is heated. The pipe must meet certain requirements: horizontal sections are not allowed in it, and the total length is at least 4 m, which allows achieving normal draft.
2. Due to the use of waste as a fuel, the furnace is heavily contaminated, therefore it and the chimney must be cleaned frequently.