Drainage system diagram in a private house
Regardless of the complexity, any sewer system is usually represented by several parts:
- interior - any communications in the room;
- outer part - communications outside the house;
- septic tank.
It is great if the process of building a cottage or house and installing the sewerage system can be carried out at the same time. To do this, you need to carefully consider the details and nuances. Such projects need to be created, taking into account the supply, the location of bathrooms, wells. It is also necessary to provide for the possibility of access to any pipe for cleaning.
Illustrative plot diagram
Schemes should be designed for existing conditions. Here it is necessary to find the most convenient solutions that will allow the most optimal way to bring the pipeline route to the base of the building, while preventing destruction, soil subsidence, and deformation.
We make a sewage system under the foundation
The sewerage system in a private house is fraught with many difficulties. And the biggest difficulty can be called the withdrawal of the pipeline outside the house. The fact is that any home has a solid foundation. The foundation can lie at great depth, which forces the owners to use one of two options for overcoming this obstacle. And you need to choose between:
- Walkway under the foundation and walls;
- By passing through the foundation or walls.
Since the sewer pipes always pass under the floors, for this there is a technological need, then they have to be led through the foundation area. The following factors will allow you to determine the best option:
- Distance to a septic tank or a well for collecting wastewater;
- The level of deepening of pipes along the perimeter of the house;
- Foundation thickness and material of manufacture;
- The level of soil freezing.
The latter factor is not always the key, because today the sewer can be insulated, which will prevent the drains from freezing inside the pipes. Therefore, the first three are considered the main points, which are emphasized when determining how to carry out the sewage system under the foundation.
The distance to a cesspool or septic tank ranges from three to five meters. This is done in connection with the rules for the location of these structures, which cannot be neglected. But it is impossible to carry the well far from home for another reason. It lies behind the minimum slope that sewer pipes should have. And it completely depends on the diameter of the line through which the sewage flows into the tank. In most cases, a 110 mm diameter pipe is used to remove wastewater from the house, which should have a slope of 2 cm per meter of length. With a large distance to the well, the trench must be very deep, which will reduce the useful volume of the tank.
The thickness of the foundation is also very important. If the base of the house is too large and massive, then going through it will be very problematic. Especially in the absence of special equipment, thanks to which a neat hole will appear in the foundation. Based on all of the above, they choose the option that is most suitable for each specific situation.
Recommended reading: Thermal insulation of sewer pipes
Sewerage options depending on the type of foundation
The complexity and method of laying sewer pipes largely depends on the type of base.
Sewerage and columnar base
The simplest is considered to be the conduction of sewer pipes through the foundation of a columnar or pile type. Such a foundation allows communication both before the installation of the poles and after the completion of the construction process.
When performing work, it is important to ensure that the trench is located at an optimal distance from the poles. In this case, the soil around the supports will not weaken, which can lead to a decrease in their bearing capacity.
Sewerage in a columnar foundation
Conducting the sewage system through the strip foundation
It is better and easier to plan and lay sewer pipes before the process of pouring the concrete base tape. In this case, the method of laying the communication depends on the type of strip foundation:
- With a shallow base, the pipes are laid below the freezing level of the soil, directly under the foundation. It is recommended to dig a trench prior to the construction of the tape. Moreover, the piece of pipe that will be located under the strip base is recommended to be placed in a sleeve, which is a piece of metal pipe.
- The deep foundation tape requires the performance of actions of a different nature. A hole is sawn in the formwork, into which an asbestos-cement or steel sleeve is inserted. It is fixed in the formwork and poured with concrete mortar. The pipes of communications are subsequently inserted into this sleeve.
The second way is done as follows:
- A mark is made on the foundation where the sewer pipe should pass. The hole must be sized to fit the pipe thermowell.
- Using a hammer drill, a hole is hollowed out in the concrete.
- The encountered reinforcement rods are drilled with a drill.
- A sleeve is inserted into the prepared channel and the space around it is sealed with cement mortar.
- A sewer pipe is passed through the protective sleeve, and the gap between them is filled with polyurethane foam. It serves as a good heat insulator.
Sewerage in slab base
The answer to the question "how to make a sewage system in a slab foundation" is simple. If the project provides for a base in the form of a monolithic slab, then the sewage system must be carried out before pouring the concrete solution. The process looks like this:
- According to the layout of the sewer pipes, trenches are being dug.
- They select pipe sleeves.
Firstly, it will not allow the slab base to press on the pipe, and also prevents damage to the communications in the foundation slab when pouring concrete. Secondly, in the event of an emergency, for example, in the event of a rupture, you can pull out the damaged pipe and replace it with a new element. The absence of a sleeve prevents such actions from being performed. In this regard, you should choose sleeves made of extra strong material.
Pipes are placed in protective sleeves.
Sewerage in the stove
The sewerage system makes living in the house more comfortable
Therefore, the communication should be treated with special attention so as not to harm the foundation and ensure the flawless functioning of the sewage system.
When performing work of this type with your own hands, it is important to take into account all the features of laying the sewage system in the foundation, depending on the type of foundation under the house
How to find out the cost of diamond drilling?
Choosing a contractor for the implementation of individual design construction works, the customer wants to find cost-effective prices for the provision of diamond drilling services. The current prices for diamond drilling of surfaces made of stone, reinforced concrete, brickwork may differ significantly. Labor intensity, large volumes and urgency of the order can also make appropriate adjustments to the total cost.
The specialized experts of the companies that provide this kind of services have a special calculation algorithm that takes into account various significant factors. Large, proven repair and construction companies have a price list that can be found on their official websites.
When forming current prices, the following parameters are taken into account:
- Diameter, depth of the hole to be made;
- Angle of inclination, direction of movement of the cutting tool;
- Technical and operational parameters of the processed materials;
- The total number of holes to be drilled, etc.
There are also indirect criteria that can also affect the final price and an increase in the cost sheet, for example, limited access to the water supply system and power supply or lack thereof, the specificity or remoteness of the facility, the tightness of the premises, etc. When the contractor carries out the final settlement measures, after at the stage of agreeing on the final price for the project being implemented with the customer, the final estimated cost is formed.
On the web resources of many industry companies, there is an online calculator with which you can calculate the cost of diamond work. To use it, you will not need special knowledge and skills. It is enough to enter the required information in the blank fields and get the approximate cost of the repair project for drilling holes.
We emphasize once again that the calculation of the final price of diamond drilling work is carried out individually, depending on the type of external or internal work and the influence of a number of related factors. You can order a calculation of the cost of diamond drilling directly from representatives of construction companies, you just need to make a request and wait for a specialized expert to announce the final verdict.
Contractor selection criteria
What should you focus on if you decide to order diamond drilling? At the moment, there are many specialized companies with a democratic pricing policy and a decent technical arsenal. After preliminary preparation, studying current market offers, compiling a comparative description of competing firms, taking into account the level of service and price order, it will not be difficult to find a reliable, professional and responsible contractor.
Here are a few of the key criteria that companies providing integrated diamond drilling services must meet:
- Availability of modern, powerful diamond installations that can be used without problems in a workflow of any complexity;
- Prompt fulfillment of the assigned tasks. The use of high-performance tooling and the professional skills of the performer will help complete the entire front in the shortest possible time;
- Acceptable cost. Optimal price offer that will allow the customer to minimize costs without losing the quality of the services provided. Even customers with a modest budget will be able to carry out the entire list of necessary repairs at the proper level.
In any case, do not use the services of home-grown would-be craftsmen - choose experienced performers from trusted specialized organizations.
Diamond cutting of the foundation.
5. Service diamond cutting of foundations: + 7-985-000-76-50. We make diamond cutting of foundations with discs and a Husqvarna K-760 hand cutter. The average time for cutting a monolithic foundation tape made of M350 concrete with a thickness of 580 mm is 35 minutes. When working on a massive reinforced concrete structure, I use a powerful Hilti DS-TS-32 wall cutter with a disc diameter of 1740 millimeters. If it is necessary to cut the FBS-500 foundation blocks, then the use of Husqvarna gasoline cutters of the K700 series and above is most effective. Cutting type - wet. The volume of water supplied to the contact area of the disc is 4.5 liters in 60 seconds. As practice shows, diamond cutting of monolithic structures is a popular service among homeowners in the Moscow region. The most popular types of work when sawing reinforced concrete structures: making openings, niches, recesses, as well as carrying out work to dismantle concrete foundations.
Levels
Removing the sewer pipe from the house in the foundation The distance to the sewer from the foundation plays an important role when installing additional networks.But the main thing here will be the height from the level of the drain pit, to the top point of the receiver of the pipe or node. Because water, getting into the pipe, must flow through it by gravity, this is the principle of standard sewage.
It often happens that after the sewer pipes are installed inside the room, a preparatory layer of concrete is poured over it. Then the work becomes more complicated by cutting not only the foundation, but also the concrete screed.
Distance plays an important role. The very distance from the sewer drain to the foundation is an important element in the calculations, the slope is calculated as 2 centimeters per 1 meter of the pipe.
How to make a hole in a concrete base
Any base, especially slab, is made of rigid materials. Cracks can occur during drilling. Professionals often argue among themselves about how it is more correct to lay sewer holes in the foundation and have not come to a consensus.
For example, at the base there were no technological places for the drain pipe. How to do it yourself?
During the punching process, various hard and rigid objects can be encountered on the path. Stones are easily destroyed with a jackhammer, reinforcement is easily drilled with a hammer drill. If there is no puncher, then punching should be performed. Dust must be removed.
Digging under the concrete base
If the septic tank is located near the house (within five meters), and the thickness of the foundation does not exceed one meter, the simplest option for installing a sewage system is to create a tunnel where the pipeline intersects with the base of the house.
The trench is not made very deep, which reduces the complexity of such an operation.
Before starting to lay under the foundation, marking work is performed. The point of coincidence of the pipe and the future sewer passage is marked.
When performing such work, the thickness of the walls, which are the reference point, must be taken into account. If you do not follow this rule, the trenches may not match. They will not be connected in a specific place. We'll have to start all over again. This will incur additional financial costs.
When the trench is ready, a sewer pipe is laid into it, maintaining the required slope.
When the pipeline is shallow, the sewer passage must be insulated, to exclude the freezing of the channel and the formation of ice. It can cause blockage of the entire space.
Backfilling of the trench is carried out carefully, in small portions of soil. Thus, the displacement of the withdrawn pipe is not allowed, and its slope is not allowed to change. An additional pipe is passed directly under the foundation, the diameter of which is much larger than the sewer
The length of this segment is made equal to the width of the foundation of the house. It plays the role of a sleeve in which the main pipeline is laid
An additional pipe is passed directly under the foundation, the diameter of which is much larger than the sewer. The length of this segment is made equal to the width of the foundation of the house. It plays the role of a sleeve in which the main pipeline is laid.
Such a device protects the sewer in the event of an unexpected foundation subsidence. When repair work is being carried out, it is much easier to replace the damaged area.
Foundation hole punching options
Before you break through the foundation for the sewage system, you should choose a method of performing the work. There are two most popular ways to do this job:
- Manual method.
- Automated using special drilling rigs.
With the right choice of technology, work is performed accurately and efficiently
For a layman, it is important to know the optimal technique for punching a hole in the foundation for the sewer with your own hands, and only after that you can proceed to work
Foundation hole punching tool
Making a hole in the foundation for the sewage system manually, the technology should be used to work with thin walls of semi-basements, having a thickness of up to 400 millimeters.
If the thickness is greater, then there will probably be a massive mesh of reinforcement inside, which significantly limits the use of manual drilling - you should use special installations for working with concrete surfaces.
The standard design of this type of device consists of the following elements: a massive bed, special folding stops, a rotor, the required power of an electric motor, a rod with a crown for drilling material. With this technique, any hole can be created within 5 minutes.
A set of crowns allows you to select the optimal type for a specific type of hole. Geometrically correct holes of a given diameter and characteristics are created. Pulling the pipe into such a hole is extremely simple and does not cause mechanical damage.