We build the base of the house from 20x20x40 foundation blocks

Shallow base

This is the most popular type of columnar foundation, since a minimum of money and effort is spent on its construction.

This is the most popular type of columnar foundation, since a minimum of money and effort is spent on its construction, and the scope of use is quite wide. Such structures are suitable as a basis for a wooden bathhouse and a frame house.

Usually the pillar is made of pipes, inside which the frame is installed and concrete is poured. Since the main load is taken up by the concrete filling, the material of the pipe does not matter much. It acts more as a permanent formwork. Usually plastic or asbestos sewer pipes are used.

The choice of pipe diameter depends on the purpose of the building. For light arbors, a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is sufficient, and for log buildings, a pipe with a cross section of 250-300 mm is suitable. The volume of concrete is calculated taking into account that for every 10 m of a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, 0.1 cubic meter of concrete is required, and for a product with a diameter of 200 mm, 0.5 cubic meters are consumed, for a pipe with a cross section of 300 mm, 1 cubic meter of concrete solution is required.

The order of work is as follows:

1. After preparing the site and performing the breakdown, using a hand drill, holes are made in the ground to install the poles. It should be remembered that the depth of the pit should be 200 mm more than the length of the post for making a sand cushion.
2. After completing the pit, sand is poured onto the bottom, poured with water and rammed. To protect the concrete mixture from moisture loss, layers of roofing material are laid on top of the sand cushion.
3. Further, pipe sections are lowered into the pits, which should have a 10-centimeter headroom. The pipes are leveled and fixed in the well with wooden blocks.

1. After that, a little concrete-gravel mixture is poured into the pipe. Immediately after this, the pipe is lifted and fixed in this position until the mixture completely solidifies at the bottom of the pit. Thus, we will get a solid foundation that will well resist the forces of heaving of the soil.
2. When the concrete hardens, the pipe is wrapped with roofing felt to perform waterproofing.
3. The well is backfilled with sand with layer-by-layer water pouring and ramming. During these works, the position of the pipe must be checked using a level.
4. Then reinforcement is installed inside the pipe and concrete is poured.
5. Further work can be done in 28 days. At the same time, the foundation is isolated from the main part of the structure using a bituminous or polymer solution.

Cement

Cement foundation blocks are used for the construction of various types of structures for single / multi-storey buildings (plinths, foundations, sometimes walls). In addition, they are used in industry in the construction of industrial premises, columns, fences, barriers.

The main disadvantage of the elements is the need to attract special equipment to move the blocks. That is why blocks of 20x20x40 centimeters with a weight of up to 35 kilograms are most popular in private construction - they can be installed by hand.

The main advantages of a concrete block:

• Stability of the quality of blocks and structures made from them
• Minimum service life of 50 years
• Elimination of errors during the installation process due to the evenness of the blocks
• High frost resistance, resistance to sudden temperature changes
• No need for sand block construction

FBS features:

• Not suitable for construction on heaving soils
• The need for additional waterproofing
• The appearance of cold bridges at the seams
• Can be with or without reinforcement, solid or hollow
• Strength grade - from M75 to M200
• Frost resistance - F50 to F200
• Thermal conductivity - within 1.1 W / m * С
• Quantity in a square meter - 12.5, in a cubic meter - about 62.5
• Weight - 28-35 kilograms
• Water absorption - about 6%
• Density - minimum 1500 kg / m3
• Exact dimensions - 188x190x390 mm

A large selection of blocks is presented in Moscow and the regions, so it will not be difficult to purchase and deliver products to the site in the required quantity and on time.

Columnar bases - types of foundations

Columnar bases have positively proven themselves when erecting lightweight buildings based on wooden beams, logs or ready-made frames. The foundations of the columnar structure are effective on dense soils with a significant level of freezing. If it is necessary to erect buildings on heaving soils, a columnar base is the only correct option. The foundations differ in designs, as well as the materials used for their construction.

The correct approach to choosing the type of foundation for a house will make the building strong and rationally spend money on construction

The following building materials can be used for manufacturing:

• natural stone;
• burnt brick;
• concrete blocks;
• wooden posts;
• reinforced concrete columns;
• metal profiles;
• asbestos-cement pipes.

It is important to comply with the requirements for the minimum dimensions of the supporting surfaces, depending on the materials used:

• rubble stone - 60x60 cm;
• rubble concrete - 40x40 cm;
• reinforced concrete - 30x30 cm;
• brick - 50x50 cm;
• wooden beams - 20-40 cm;
• asbestos-cement pipes - diameter 20 cm;
• foundation blocks - 40x40 cm.

After the extraction of soil and the formation of pits, a damper cushion is formed in each, which is laid on the planned base. It is performed on the basis of the required amount of mixed sand and crushed stone. Then the bedding is moistened and rammed.

Small buildings, frame houses and low-rise buildings are erected on a supporting-columnar foundation

This completes the preparation and builds one of the following types of columnar foundations:

blocky. It is manufactured from standard concrete or reinforced concrete blocks. Blocks are laid using cement mortar;
concrete. During its construction, the frame of the panel formwork with a reinforcing lattice is poured with a pre-prepared concrete solution;
brick or rubble. The stone building material used for its manufacture is concreted with a binder cement mixture;
tubular. It is distinguished by the use of pipes made of metal or asbestos cement as support elements. The lower level of the pipes is located at a great depth;
wood. Its basis is made of wood support beams impregnated with an antiseptic composition

In this case, it is important to waterproof the part of the timber in the ground.

Decision-making on the choice of building material for the manufacture of a columnar foundation is carried out after calculating its load capacity, taking into account the weight of the building and the nature of the soil. With an increased concentration of coarse sand and clay fraction in the soil, it is advisable to give preference to a columnar foundation. Support columns are distinguished by a variety of cross-sectional shapes. They are available in round, square or rectangular shapes.

Technical specifications

Before considering all the advantages of blocks made of expanded clay concrete, let us dwell in more detail on its important technical characteristics.

First of all, when laying a block base, we are interested in density, thermal conductivity and moisture absorption.

1. The density of expanded clay blocks varies from 500 kg / m3 to 1800 kg / m3. Expanded clay concrete material with a density of up to 1100 kg / m3 ― structural and heat-insulating type, over structural.This fact is due to the fact that in the production of molds using large fractions, the final product is durable, but cold.
2. The thermal conductivity coefficient is from 0.18 to 0.81–0.90 W / m ° С.
3. Frost resistance ― class F25, F35, less often F50 and F75.
4. Increased moisture absorption.
5. Service life ― 60 years and more.
6. The weight of small-sized blocks 10-25 kg, depends on the dimensions and density of expanded clay concrete. The standard size of small wall blocks is 40x20x20 cm (length, width, height).
7. FBS size for small construction (120-240) x (30-80) x60 cm
8. Temperature change does not affect expanded clay concrete, it does not expand or contract, which means that the geometry of the forms remains unchanged.

Views

FBS blocks are manufactured in accordance with GOST 13579-78. They are classified according to the following characteristics:

1. Design features. In some varieties, cavities are created for the installation of a reinforcing frame made of reinforcement.
2. Dimensions and weight. Blocks are produced in this range of sizes: length - 88, 118 and 238 cm; width (thickness) - 20-60 cm; height - 28 and 58 cm. Weight can vary between 300-1300 kg. Lightweight blocks can be easily stacked by hand. For large-block FBS, lifting equipment is required.
3. The concrete used. It determines the density of blocks, strength and other parameters. For production, heavy concrete with a density of up to 2400 kg / m3, silicate concrete with a density of up to 2000 kg-m3 and expanded clay concrete solutions with a density of up to 1800 kg / m3 can be used. The most common options: concretes of the M100 (B7.5), M150 (B12.5) and M200 (B15) brands.
4. Surface roughness: smooth or rough FBS. The latter type makes plastering easier.

The standard block marking consists of the letters FBS and several groups of numbers, as well as a letter at the end. Example: FBS 12-3-6 T stands for foundation building block with a rounded length of 12 dm (actually 118 cm), 3 dm wide, 6 dm high (actually 58 cm), made of heavy concrete (T).

The letter designation may contain P (porous, expanded clay concrete solution) or C (silicate concrete).

Is the choice justified?

Before constructing a building, it is necessary to provide it with a reliable platform ― foundation. To date, two types of bases are used in construction practice:

• monolithic;
• blocky.

A monolithic base is considered more practical and reliable. But in the case when there is a need to speed up the construction processes, a block foundation is used.

Consider two types of materials - FBS (wall foundation blocks, as a rule, are used in the construction of basements), and a standard full-bodied block measuring 20x20x40 cm (width, height, length). Expanded clay is used as a filler, respectively, both types of blocks are expanded clay concrete.

Typically, foundation blocks of various types and sizes are produced in factories. In this case, they have a number of advantages over homemade concrete made at home. But it is worth noting that for laying large factory expanded clay FBS, construction equipment will be required.

Before proceeding with the laying of the block foundation, pay due attention to the features of the relief, the properties of the soil and the level of groundwater, the number of storeys of the house and, accordingly, the load. If the properties and features of the relief are favorable, then the developers choose FBS

If the properties and features of the relief are favorable, then the developers choose FBS.

Common mistakes when stacking blocks

This information is directed primarily to beginners in order to focus their attention in order to avoid dangerous situations.

Some recommendations for laying FBS

Waterproofing should not be neglected, which will protect the concrete from destruction by the ingress of moisture. For this protection, a roofing felt coating or a thorough bituminous coating of the base from all sides is used. For insulation, extruded polystyrene foam or foam is selected, which are glued on the outside and inside.

The above technology is used most often for a shallow foundation made of FBS. If the material needs to be laid in heaving soil, it will be correct to do the installation according to the following scheme:

• a trench is dug to 0.4 m;
• a pillow of hard crushed stone and sand 0.3 m thick is placed on the bottom;
• fittings are mounted and a solution with a height of 0.1 m is poured from above;
• after the screed has hardened, blocks smeared with bitumen are placed;
• another reinforcing concrete frame is made on top.

Sometimes, in order to reduce the cost of building light structures without a basement and under the necessary soil conditions, a "discontinuous" base is allowed. Its essence lies in placing the FBS at a distance of 0.7 m from each other, but not more. At the same time, material savings reach 20%. But this scheme is only suitable for one- and two-story buildings.

Sequence of work

Let's consider step by step in what order you need to perform all the work. The information will be relevant both for people who decided to build the foundation on their own, and for those who want to know everything about the correct arrangement of the foundation for light buildings.

1. Preparation

First of all, you need to prepare the construction site. To do this, any vegetation is completely removed from the territory where the base will be erected, and it is also necessary to harvest the upper sod layer of the soil.

It is also necessary to level the platform as much as possible - a level is used for this. To make a columnar foundation, you need to carefully monitor the smoothness of the surface. This process is often laborious and time-consuming, especially if the height differences are significant.

Before doing such work, you can watch the video on YouTube - then you will clearly see how the whole process is carried out.

2. Marking the base

Next, the marking of the territory is carried out - it must be done according to the project. First of all, you need to mark where the corners of the house will be. Points along the edges should be marked with pegs.

After these works are completed, it is necessary to check the dimensions of the diagonals that turned out to be consistent with the length specified in the design documentation

In addition, it is important to check how perpendicular the angles are. The final stage is driving the reinforcement pegs where the support posts will be located.

3. Land works

Reviews say that it is quite difficult to carry out all of the above points, but it is possible if you have experience, as well as additional help. After the preparation and marking has been done, you can begin to dig holes - it is in them that the foundation pillars will be located. Their depth should be 25 cm more than the depth of the posts in the ground. Additional free space is required to accommodate the sealing pad.

4. Filling with concrete mixture

Before proceeding with the installation of the posts, it is imperative to create a sealing cushion. It should have a layer, each 10 cm on average. Let's take a closer look:

• 1 layer - sand mixed with water, it must be compacted using a manual rammer;
• 2nd layer - crushed stone.

After that, you need to prepare a special solution of sand and cement, it will be poured into the pits on top of the bedding. The thickness of the last layer should be at least 5 cm. Further work can be carried out on the concrete pits.

The main stages of work

The construction of this type of foundation can be easily done independently; no special skills are required for this. The main thing is to follow the construction technology correctly and not to rush.

1. Preparatory work. First of all, you need to prepare the site itself. To do this, you need to cut off the top layer of the soil, the plants are also all removed. Typically about 30 cm of soil is removed. It is not recommended to leave this under the base. If construction is planned on a clay site, then in addition to everything, you need to put a gravel-sand layer, the thickness of which depends on the characteristics of the soil. In addition to cleaning, the surface of the site must be carefully leveled.
2. Construction plan. It is required to transfer the structure scheme from the drawings to the surface of the earth, using pegs and twine for this. Full compliance with the paper version should be closely monitored, since the reliability and quality of work depends entirely on this. Columnar base device
3. Preparing the pits. An excavator can help with this. However, if you do not have the funds, you can also do the job manually with a shovel. Pits should be located along the axes. The strengthening of the pit depends on its size. If the depth is not more than 1 m, then the strengthening process can be missed. Otherwise, you will have to dig a hole with slopes and strengthen it with wooden planks with spacers. The size of the groove is also important. The pit should be 30 cm deeper than the estimated depth of the base under construction. This is necessary in order to be able to make gravel-sand bedding. The width should also be slightly larger so that the cast formwork, as well as the spacers, feel free enough.
4. Formwork arrangement. A columnar foundation made of concrete blocks requires good formwork. To do this, you will need a number of boards, which are about 40 mm thick and 150 mm wide. It is possible to use chipboard, steel sheet or moisture resistant plywood, as an alternative to wooden spacers. Planks or other selected material must be placed directly against the concrete.
5. Reinforcement of the foundation. This procedure must be carried out in a horizontal direction. For these purposes, A3 rods are used, the diameter of which is about 12-14 mm. For this, horizontal jumpers should be placed at a distance of about 20 cm from each other. As jumpers, you can take a wire with a diameter of about 6 mm. To connect the pillars with the grillage itself through the reinforced frame, you need to position the rods in such a way that the reinforcement rods protrude above the edge of the base at least 10-15 cm.
6. Filling the pillars of the base. The instruction for the construction of this foundation requires pouring the pillars themselves. It is necessary to pour concrete into those pipes that will continue to be in the ground along with the foundation itself. It is necessary to lay concrete in layers. The thickness of each layer should be about 20-30 cm.Preparation for filling the pillars
7. Arrangement of waterproofing pillars. Any foundation needs protection from moisture. For this, long-known materials are suitable, such as hot and cold mastic, glued membranes, as well as ordinary bituminous roofing material. What material you chose is up to you. There are no strict rules here.
8. Construction of the grillage itself. This design allows you to make the columnar foundation made of blocks stronger and more reliable. The grillage can be made from reinforced concrete round beams or made monolithic. In the first case, it is necessary to connect the jumpers well enough, using for this trimming the reinforcement, which must be hot-welded to the mounting loops.After that, reinforcement of the formwork itself is required, and then fill everything with concrete, including the reinforcing cage. For these purposes, concrete blocks of the M200 brand are suitable. After that, the concrete must be allowed time to cool down, after which, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing, fill up all the formed sinuses, and at the end, lay the floor slabs.

Work order

After completing the marking and determining the intersection points, you can start digging trenches. At this stage of building the foundation on the blocks, it is also easier to use construction equipment. When determining such parameters as depth and width for a trench, it is necessary to take into account that the minimum depth of the FBS should be equal to the height of two finished blocks, but in order to comply with all the subtleties of the technological process, it is necessary to accurately establish the level of occurrence of groundwater and the depth of soil freezing.

Trench for tape base

When determining the width of the future trench, it is gentle to take into account the parameters of the components and the possibility of arranging the waterproofing of the foundation on the blocks. This means that approximately 15-20 centimeters should be added to the established size.

So, the maximum depth of the trench will be about two meters, and its maximum width is 80 centimeters.

At the bottom of the trench prepared for the construction of the base of the house, it is necessary to make a high-quality pillow. For this purpose, river sand and fine-grained crushed stone are used, which are laid in layers, with high-quality compaction. Each layer is at least 15 centimeters, and the total thickness of the pillow reaches from 30 to 60 centimeters, depending on the characteristics of the soil. On the finished pillow, the base for the foundation is poured.

At this stage, you may also need a professional construction equipment. It is better to pour concrete for such a base from a mixer, but if necessary, you can prepare it yourself.

Before you start laying the concrete blocks, you will need to prepare the crane. This is due to the fact that each block weighs at least a ton. Now, having read the number of components of the structure in each trench, you can start laying the first row of the future foundation for the house. It is quite easy to make the correct calculation to determine the required number of blocks. Their standard size is 240x60x60 centimeters.

First row

The correct placement of the blocks will ensure the reliability of the base.

Starting work on the construction of the foundation on the blocks, it is necessary to make a cement mortar in advance, for the preparation of which you will need cement grade 500. It will ensure a strong and reliable connection of all components of the structure.

The concrete blocks of the first row are laid as tightly as possible, adjusting to each other, but first, a centimeter layer of cement mortar is applied to their joints and specially prepared grooves. You can make a dressing in the corners in the same way as when erecting brickwork. After finishing work with the first row of stone, it is imperative to check the strict horizontality of the laying. For this, you can use a level. After making sure that the block is level, waterproofing can be done.

Watch the video on how to start laying the first row of blocks in the trench.

Further block stacking

The foundation, erected from concrete blocks, is the foundation of a house, the construction of which is carried out from a wide variety of materials. Depending on what the walls will be made of, choose the width of the blocks used. The second and all subsequent rows are laid according to the bandaging technology. The thickness of the cement layer does not exceed 2 centimeters.

We recommend watching a video about the complete construction of the block foundation.

In cases where the house is being built on soft ground, it may be necessary to build an additional reinforced concrete row.We will have to erect the formwork, pour concrete, reinforce and thus provide the building with an additional monolithic foundation with a thickness of at least 30 centimeters. When carrying out work on the construction of the foundation of a house from concrete blocks, it is necessary to take care of the presence of communication holes and ventilation.

DIY block foundation guide

Step-by-step instructions for building a columnar base include the following steps:

Drawing up a drawing taking into account the placement of square supports measuring 40 × 40 cm (two blocks laid side by side) at the corners and perimeter of the bearing walls with a step of at least 2 m.
Layout of the site according to the scheme, earthworks. The depth of the bookmark is at least 30-40 cm higher than the calculated one (for filling the pillow).
Filling and tamping 10 cm of gravel and at least 15 sand, to simplify the process, it is advised to water the pillow.
Placement of support pads (recommended stage). To reduce the impact of groundwater on the foundation blocks, many put roofing material, folded polyethylene or paving slabs under the bottom. But experienced builders are advised to make reinforced areas of lean concrete 60 × 60 cm in size and about 50-70 in height. This complicates the process, but reduces the consumption of blocks and gives the building stability; when building walls from heavy materials, this stage becomes mandatory.
Masonry blocks 20x20x40: two pieces per row with an overlap with cement mortar. The proportions of the masonry mixture depend on the parameters of the soil, with the risk of flooding, the binder is mixed with sand in a ratio of 1: 2, under normal conditions - 1: 3

At this stage, it is extremely important to achieve the same location of all supports, the reliability of the columnar foundation depends on it. It is easier to do this with ropes and a water level.
Waterproofing the upper section of the base.
Organization of the grillage: strapping with a bar or channel

Blocks 20x20x40 are not designed for heavy weight, for this reason they are not suitable for pouring a concrete grillage.

It is important to remember that prefabricated columnar foundations are only suitable for the construction of light structures on stable soils. On strong swimmers, it is better to choose a different type of base.

The step-by-step instructions for the construction of strip prefabricated foundations largely coincide with the above, the differences relate to earthworks (a continuous trench is being dug, not rectangular sections), the masonry technology also changes slightly. In particular:

• Installation of foundation blocks begins from the corner or intersection of adjacent load-bearing walls according to the diagram. The markings should be done in advance, deviations along the diagonal or perimeter should not exceed 20 mm. The level of the bottom row is checked with particular care.
• During the construction of the foundation for heavy buildings, the rows are additionally reinforced: a metal mesh is placed in the interlayer seams.
• Blocks are placed with a mandatory offset of 1/2, by analogy with brickwork. The formation of a continuous vertical seam between the joints is unacceptable.
• The requirements for waterproofing protection are increasing, the foundation of blocks from above is covered with at least two layers of rolled materials, in areas with a risk of flooding it makes sense to coat the basement walls with bitumen.
• A blind area is organized around the perimeter of the base.
• In the strip foundation of blocks, by analogy with monolithic structures, holes are thought out and organized in advance for laying water and sewer pipes and other communications. Drilling and punching already laid walls is highly discouraged.

Nuances of technology, general recommendations

The main requirement is to do the banding of the blocks correctly, which means changing the masonry pattern by 90 ° in each next row when building a columnar foundation or shifting by half when erecting a tape.The calculation of the parameters of the base and the required amount of material will help to avoid many mistakes, which implies a preliminary analysis of the condition of the soil (and not in the process of digging trenches, as many summer residents do). Products from the same manufacturer with the same characteristics are used.

The technology of building a foundation from such blocks refers to no formwork, which can significantly reduce the time required to complete the work. But if the columns are too high, it is advisable to use supports (supports similar to supporting shields). This will eliminate the risk of arbitrary displacement of the foundation structures during the hardening of fresh mortar. Some developers argue that adhesion with masonry mixtures is optional, and that the posts or strips of blocks will stand securely under their own weight, but in practice this is only permissible when erecting temporary huts.

What it is?

Intuitively, it is clear that the columnar foundation is a set of supports standing separately from each other under the structure. It will be easier to understand what this type of foundation structures is if you compare its characteristics with the pile type of support for a house, which is closest in appearance. In both cases, instead of a monolithic base, there are isolated anchor points.

But there is still a difference:

• the pile can go into the soil up to 5 m, while the pillar is not buried so much;
• the pillars are supported only on the sole, and the piles are still held by the lateral edges;
• almost always, for a structure with comparable parameters, the cross-section of the piles is inferior to the diameter of the pillars;
• there is a certain difference in the sphere of their use.

Common features are the geometry of the section (circle or square), the allocation of isolated supports and (optionally) the grillage. The main areas of application of the columnar props are:

• one-story buildings of an industrial and public nature (the most massive pillars are required);
• frame houses;
• houses in which a frame and a shield are combined;
• lumber and log structures;
• various enclosing elements.

Buta masonry technology: three common options

Here's how to build a foundation from rubble stone correctly:

• Step 1. We dig a trench and put the formwork.
• Step 2. We arrange a pillow of 30 cm of pure concrete and reinforcement.
• Step 3. On the pillow - the foundation itself is made of rubble.

Before laying the stones, it is imperative to wet them so that they better adhere to the concrete and retain their moisture. It is necessary to lay the rubble stone correctly - with a gap of 3 to 5 cm, and in no case close to each other.

The long side of such a stone is called a spoon, the short side is called a poke. And in each row of such masonry, the poke should alternate with a spoon - that's the whole technology.

For laying rubble stone, a sledgehammer, a hammer-cam and similar tools are used. The standard thickness of the masonry is 50-70 cm. Clay also does not hurt - it is often added for the plasticity of the solution. But just a little bit!

So, the laying of rubble stone also has its own special technology. So, you can put it "under the bracket", "under the shoulder blade" and "under the bay".

Put it under the shoulder blade like this:

• Step 1. Lay the butt row dry on the base prepared in advance.
• Step 2. We tamp the stone well and fill the voids with smaller stones. Fill with liquid solution.
• Step 3. Now we put the spoon row - long side. The thickness of both the first and the second row is up to 30 cm, and when laying stones, you need to select such that the height of the row is almost the same (for checking, we put beacons with a cord).

It is imperative to ensure that the stones do not touch each other anywhere without mortar. Whether or not to place formwork for such a foundation depends on whether you need perfectly smooth foundation walls for subsequent finishing or not.

Whether or not to place formwork for such a foundation depends on whether you need perfectly smooth foundation walls for subsequent finishing or not.

And here masonry under the bay is always carried out in the formwork. The strength of such a foundation is very low - only a light frame bath can be built on it. Therefore, for such masonry, use a vibration compactor: this will increase its strength up to 40%. Stones for him are also not particularly selected. The order of work is as follows:

• Step 1. Prepare the trench and the base, which we fill with coarse sand and tamp.
• Step 2. We put the row of staples, grind and fill with a liquid solution.
• Step 3. We put the second row of spoons, split again, compact and ram the stone.

Here, work is already underway, as usual, but after that a plastic solution is spread with a cone draft of up to 6 cm in a layer of 40-60 cm and everything is compacted with a vibrator - until the solution stops penetrating into the masonry row.

But for masonry "under the bracket" stones are selected of the same height - according to a template, and the verticality and horizontalness of the surfaces and corners of the masonry itself is constantly checked.

An important point: it is necessary to ensure that the stones do not stagger when laying and that the dressing of the seams is observed. The ideal stone for such a foundation is 20x30 cm. As for its area, it is calculated according to the following formula: the width of a rubble stone = 1/3 of the width of the foundation.

Block base advantages

The advantages of concrete blocks 20x20x40 include:

• Simple masonry technology. There is no need for formwork, products with this size are easier to align, errors are practically excluded.
• Less dependence on weather conditions: it is advisable to assemble the foundation from concrete blocks at positive temperatures, but there is no need to compact the solution, heat it up during a sharp cold snap or constant moistening of the poured monolith in hot weather.
• Increased strength and durability of the base.
• Affordable cost of foundation blocks, low installation costs.
• High accuracy of geometric shapes, which in turn minimizes the consumption of masonry mortar and simplifies the process of waterproofing and finishing.
• Environmental friendliness and compliance with sanitary standards.

It should be noted that these advantages are manifested only when purchasing high quality foundation blocks. Wall or hollow products are suitable only for panel boarding huts, experts do not recommend buying them.

Recommended foundation types

From blocks with a size of 20x20x40, it is easiest to make a base of a tape or columnar type. The first option is chosen when building a foundation for houses with a high bearing capacity, and in turn can have a shallow (for wooden buildings) and recessed (for brick and stone buildings) design.

The second type (columnar) is chosen most often, it is optimal for light low-rise objects on deep-freezing, but inactive soils. The recommended depth of the supports varies from 1.5 to 3 m, it should be remembered that there is no underground space in such houses and the basement part requires additional finishing.