Do-it-yourself dome gazebo

How to make supports?

At the initial stage, it is necessary to divide the site, apply markings along the entire contour of the structure, and then proceed with earthworks. The markings are applied to comply with all mandatory proportions, as well as for the process of correctly determining the placement of the pillars under the foundation, and therefore for the columns of the building.

In order to proceed to the described work, it is necessary to determine the size of the rotunda and mark the ground according to them, namely: to draw a circle with the radius of the arbor. Then you should put a rectangle in it. The generally accepted standard size of a rotunda is 4 m in diameter, which corresponds to 6 columns. From this it follows that a hexagon must be applied to the ground.

Before proceeding with the development of the soil, it is necessary to install small pegs at the corners of the hexagon. Then you need to make an excavation in the ground with a depth of 1-1.2 meters - this is necessary to install the pillars under the foundation, after which work is done with the bottom of the pits. They wake up by 20 cm with a mixture of sand and gravel and are covered with a waterproof film. After that, the laying of the pillars begins.

The number of bricks in one row depends on the massiveness of the structure; on average, 4 to 6 bricks are taken. The space formed between the bricks and the reinforcement rods should be filled with mortar.

When working with vertical surfaces, it is only necessary to treat them with hot bitumen or use liquid glass. It is also recommended to add various types of additives, which will protect the surface from water ingress and make it resistant to low temperatures.

Layout of columns is possible from silicate or ceramic bricks

In order to avoid wasting time on decorating columns, you should immediately pay attention to the shape of the brick. If it is decided to make the columns of a cylindrical shape, then it will be most convenient to use a shaped brick

It has distinctive features and therefore is used in other types of work. The erection of columns is carried out in the same way as for foundation posts.

The dimensions of the rotunda usually have the following parameters: the dome has a height of 4.5 to 4.8 m, the columns have a size of 2.8 to 3 m. The rest of the rotunda is the roof. These dimensions are valid for a diameter of 4 m.

The rotunda is subdivided into two types:

  • with columns;
  • with openings in the walls.

When erecting a brick arch, you will have to resort to the use of a special formwork, called a "circle". It is placed with support on the walls, after which wedging is carried out. When laying the lintel, a separate type of brick is used - wedge brick.

The spacing in the edges can reach from 10 to 20 mm, which makes it possible to lay out arches with a different radius. If, when forming arches, ordinary bricks are used, then the shape is achieved by thickening the seams on one side.

Sufficiently experienced builders can strap the columns using formwork, or replace it with brickwork. It will be easier for a beginner to build it out of metal.

You will also need plastic slats. They must be used when carrying out the lathing under the roofing material.

When using a bar made of wood, it is best to resort to its polymer counterpart, since it bends much easier, which saves time. These elements must be folded in two or three rows, and then screwed, like ordinary shingles, with self-tapping screws.

Then it remains to find a suitable type of roofing material. The best thing for this business is roofing tiles.

The easiest way is to order a finished roof. It remains only to install it on the prepared columns.

The finishing stage in the construction of the rotunda is the finishing and decoration of the columns. Here you can resort to plaster to give them a marble look, or use a variety of existing decors.Ratonda with barbecue inside looks very good in the center of the site, which will be a decoration of landscape design.

You can watch the step-by-step assembly for assembling a round gazebo from a bar in the video below.

Metal and polycarbonate

As one of the possible examples, I will give instructions for building a gazebo made of metal and polycarbonate.

It takes a closer look at the construction of each compound. Below will be given only general recommendations and tips for this type of buildings.

Foundation

For a metal gazebo, a flat base is enough. In some situations, you can simply place the gazebo on the ground or grass. If you want a more stable position, then preference can be given to the following options:

Bricks

  • Paving slabs.
  • Bricks.
  • Foundation blocks.

The gazebo set at the level will definitely not go anywhere. In this regard, it is more stable than wood.

Frame

The most expensive, difficult and time-consuming process is the welding of the frame. The metal structure itself is solid, that is, it is connected once and it is no longer an option to disassemble it, since the component parts are fixed for welding.

A profile pipe or wrought iron is used as a material. In the first case, the recommended dimensions are 60 by 40 or 50 by 50 mm. In the second, everything is individual and depends on the project.

In most cases, the roof is pitched, with a small truss. The result is a reinforced structure that will not bend under the pressure of snow in winter and spring.

Sheathing

Polycarbonate adheres perfectly to profile pipes, therefore it is often recommended as a cladding material. The profiled sheet has the same properties, but the building turns out to be too "steel", so it would be nice to dilute the gazebo with polymers.

We build the walls and roof of the rotunda

Today there is a story about the construction of a rotunda - an open round gazebo with a domed roof. The peculiarity of such a gazebo is that its walls are made either solid of decorative lattices, which is rare, or low, leaving the veranda half-open. Its walls can be made of thin wooden slats, crossed among themselves, from wicker vines, from a lattice with climbing plants on it.

The roof of the wooden rotunda is made in the form of a dome, which gives the building a special style. This shape of the roof is good because in winter the snow does not linger on it, and the foundation does not experience additional stress. The roofing material for such a gazebo can be very diverse - metal, ceramic, wood and even plastic, but it is better to select it in accordance with the entire structure. In our case, the roof will also be made of wood.

The roof itself is very easy to build. To do this, you need to find the center of the ceiling covering, at this point, fasten the timber vertically with nails, the length of which will be equal to the desired height of the roof. Further, from the upper point of the beam, boards are launched in a circle, forming the roof of the structure, which are also fastened with nails to the ceiling along the entire perimeter. Then a crate is made on the roof, which is covered with roofing felt, which will not allow the roof to leak. And, finally, wooden boards for the roof itself are used, which are pre-treated with impregnations from moisture, and then covered with varnish or paint.

How to build a rotunda?

Rotunda is one of the most expensive types of gazebos, but it can also be attributed to the most respectable and durable option.

The main part of such a gazebo are columns, which can be made from the following materials:

  • bricks;
  • stone;
  • monolithic block.

For the construction of the column, the material is poured into the so-called split formwork, which has a special inner coating. According to the standard, such additional equipment is made of moisture-resistant plasterboard.

You can also find prefabricated columns on sale, the main component of which is cement or polymerized gypsum. An alternative to the columns can be piles made of concrete and having a circular cross-section.These elements will simultaneously serve as a foundation.

This method of erecting a rotunda is used only when the soil requires it, or if piles are laid on the site along with the columns for the structure to be erected, for example, a house.

There are rotunda variants in which a foundation is not needed. They are also called self-supporting rotundas. Naturally, this version of the gazebo is more expensive. This set also includes a balustrade with curly balusters and a fiberglass dome - such a composition will give your rotunda a special look.

If it is decided not to resort to the help of professionals and to make a gazebo on your own, then a brick will be the most favorable material for this.

Supports are used when necessary - they are required for good stability of the building. In a specific situation, the most practical option would be to use a columnar foundation, which is made from waste ceramic bricks.

The role of the gazebo in the landscape design of the cottage

The round gazebo for summer cottages has been relevant for a long time due to its design features and various design options. This is the most popular and functional decoration for a summer cottage. Modern models are not just lightweight recreational facilities, but also true works of architectural art. Such structures make the design of the site more aesthetic and attractive.

When developing a project for an open structure, it is important to take into account many nuances: from the material of manufacture to the style of execution of the country house and the design of the landscape of the local area

Even with impressive dimensions, the round gazebo does not seem bulky

Like any architectural object, the gazebo must meet three basic requirements: functionality, reliability and beauty. The configuration of the building is determined based on the personal preferences of the owners of the dacha and the design features of the site. Thus, the gazebo can be spacious, compact, round or in the form of a polyhedron. A variety of shapes allows you to implement any design idea.

Depending on the type of structure, the gazebo can be used for family vacations or parties with friends.

Often, gazebos are decorated with a variety of decorative elements. These can be flower beds, shrubs, or stone paths. The area near the open building is decorated with a play area, a swimming pool, a pond, a rose garden, a coniferous or rocky garden. At night, the gazebo is supplemented with decorative lighting.

There are many ideas for a round gazebo.

In a large building, you can organize a fireplace, a fountain, a barbecue or a small oasis of the oriental style. The use of artistic skills is also relevant. The design looks beautiful, decorated with a pattern, openwork carving, light gratings from thin strips or objects from roots, knots and snags.

The main criterion when choosing a place for a gazebo is its functional purpose.

Make the floor

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There are several options. The simplest is plank decking, which is great for wooden structures and is the most commonly used one. You can also make a regular concrete screed or lay paving slabs. These floors are good for pavilions and sheds with a metal frame and permanent brick arbors.

Plank floor

It is convenient to do it immediately after strapping, and only then assemble the frame on the boardwalk. To do this, place the logs in a level with the beams with a step of 50–70 cm and lay the board on top, securing it with nails.

Concrete screed

You can fill the floor both at the start and at the end of construction. Remove the fertile soil layer and set up board formwork around the perimeter.Sprinkle the area with a layer of sand 10-15 cm and tamp well. Then put 10 cm of crushed stone in a second layer and also compact. Prepare the grout and fill the screed. For strength, you can lay a reinforcing mesh inside.

Paving slabs

It can be mounted immediately or at the end of the work. For laying, first remove the soil layer. Next, prepare a sand cushion and compact it thoroughly. Then install the borders around the perimeter and lay the tiles from the corner.

The working process

After choosing the place where the gazebo will be built, taking measurements and creating drawings, you can proceed to the phased implementation of the work.

Usually round gazebos do not require a complex foundation, and in this case it is enough to use the so-called block foundation, which implies the use of blocks measuring 20x20x40 cm.The process of creating a foundation includes the following steps:

  1. Use a rope to mark the area. To do this, a peg is driven in the center of the site and a rope is retracted to one side of it (with the size of the future gazebo 4x4 m, the rope is retracted by 2.5 m).
  2. Then a peg is attached to the other end of the rope and the area is circled (like a compass).
  3. After laying the foundation, you need to make the formwork. For this, you can use boards, stones and other materials.
  4. After the foundation is ready, you need to make the floor. It is best if these are boards. What material to choose for this depends solely on the financial capabilities and preferences of the owners.
  5. For more serious buildings, the foundation should be tape. In this case, a trench depth of 60–70 m will be sufficient.

See also: the main types of foundation for a gazebo.

Frame

The installation of pillars during the construction of a round gazebo is practically no different from the classic options. They are mounted vertically on metal corners. As a rule, 6–8 posts are sufficient.

The beams must be fastened together in any convenient way. To give an original look, you can use a wicker vine. The top trim does not require special aesthetics, since it will be covered with a roof.

Roof

For arranging a round roof, a circular lathing is used, on top of which the roof and rafters are laid. This process involves doing the following:

  1. The rafters are pre-cut and attached to the horizontal beams and the center pillar.
  2. On top of the rafters, a wooden lathing of boards is installed, the optimal thickness of which should be 25 mm.
  3. Boards should be laid in such a way as to keep the number of corners to a minimum.
  4. The selected roofing material is installed and fixed on the crate.

At the final stage of the construction of a round gazebo or at its completion, it is worth paying a little attention to the decor. Flowers in flowerpots, various forged elements, cast-iron dishes will look beautiful and original. You can also equip the gazebo with one or another type of lighting, thanks to which a special atmosphere of comfort and coziness will be created in the dark.

Spring pergola

The wooden structures of the pergola are especially emphasized by the wisteria that adorn the gazebo.

Wooden pergola structure with swing and side bars that protect from prying eyes.

A simple corner pergola with a great L-shaped sofa that can accommodate a decent group of people.

A great idea for the design of a pergola with stone columns and a wooden roof, surrounded by flowers, vines, greenery.

A custom-made pergola of incredible shape will perfectly fit in the garden near the house.

The wooden gazebo is a corner structure that creates a secluded corner in the garden.

The simple yet cute pergola is adorned with cute curtains that create an incredibly comfortable environment.

Popular types of designs for round arbors

A round gazebo looks much more interesting in comparison with a rectangular design. Common types:

  • Rotunda. This type of small architectural forms consists of a dome fixed on vertical supports.Columns are placed in a circle or semicircle. Traditionally, the structure is made with an open top arch, but for all-season operation, glazing is installed between the supports.

  • Polygonal design. If it is not possible to bend the building material, you can build a structure from six or more corners. This design is also considered to be round.

  • Geocupol. The basis of the building is a supporting frame sheathed with polycarbonate or plexiglass. Due to this, the gazebo looks like a massive hemisphere.

  • Yurt. The design resembles a rotunda or pergola. Consists of a dome, vertical supports and a circular base.

Also, by constructive type, the following types of arbors are distinguished:

Mobile structures are provided that can be easily disassembled and transferred to any place in the summer cottage. The structure is light, consists of a frame and the main component of the part - an awning.

Mobile gazebos have a canopy made of tarpaulin, the sides can be open, closed or with a mosquito net

Do-it-yourself wooden gazebos 300 photos, drawings, diagrams

Here is a small gallery of handmade wooden arbors. Of course, you can collect more photos, because there are millions of options. Each gazebo, made not according to a template, but with your own hands, even according to standard drawings, is still a work of art. Here are collected relatively simple designs that are within the power of any master who does not have much experience. There are, of course, examples of industrial products, which may come in handy.

Square gazebo drawings

Square gazebos 150 photos

Drawings of hexagonal arbors

Hexagonal do-it-yourself gazebo 50 photos

Drawings of octagonal arbors

Do-it-yourself octagonal gazebo 100 photos

Required materials and tools

The construction of a domed gazebo involves the use of certain materials and tools, the use of which will make it possible to realize this or that idea.

In other words, you need to pay attention to:

  1. Materials. When carrying out construction work, the most commonly used materials are wood (oak, ash, spruce, fir), metal, plastic, special connecting connectors, platbands, plywood sheets, planed bars.
  2. Instruments. In the process of work, there will be a need to use a construction tool such as a drill, screwdriver, hand router, screwdriver, power or electric saw, plane, hammer, grinder, screws, nails.

This list of tools is not exhaustive, in each case it all depends on the materials used and the complexity of the work.

Based on his idea and financial capabilities, each owner decides for himself which material is best for him to use. As practice shows, from the point of view of economy, the frame is best made from metal pipes, and not from wood. In any case, in the process of work, it is necessary to use connectors, thanks to which you can achieve the required dome shape.

DIY round gazebo: laying the foundation

Rocky and sandy soils are considered the most reliable for building a round gazebo, but you can build on any other reliable place. After the place for the future structure has been determined, it will be necessary to outline its future contour on the ground cleared for the foundation.For example, to erect a 4 × 4 gazebo, you can take a rope of about 2.5 meters, fix one edge of it on a peg in the center of the future building and measure exactly 2 meters from this place using a building ruler. At the other end of the rope, you need to attach a sharp object, which, according to the principle of the compass, will need to outline a circle with a diameter of 4 meters.

This round square will serve as the basis for the future foundation, which can be made of concrete with stones or boulders. Foundation formwork can be made from anything: old planks, stone, metal, brick and vines. After the concrete of the foundation has completely hardened, vertical racks are installed along its perimeter for future walls of the gazebo, taking into account the location of the entrance opening and windows. The finished racks are subsequently fixed using the ceiling and floor slabs. It is better to make the floor and ceiling from log cuts, strong blocks or planks. But for a more practical floor, natural stone and concrete slabs are often used.

Rotunda - distinctive features, advantages of this design

The landscape design of the personal plot is more and more often supplemented with original elements in the form of gazebos in the style of a rotunda. Its main purpose is to organize a suitable place for a comfortable stay.

Dome roof and supporting columns are required elements of the rotunda

A rotunda pavilion is a cylindrical building, the constituent elements of which are:

  • a circular base on which the structure is being erected;
  • a domed roof located in the center of the structure;
  • columns (required attribute of the rotunda);
  • balustrades (located between the columns along the entire perimeter of the structure);
  • podium with steps (absent in monosyllabic buildings).

The rotunda gazebo serves as a spectacular decoration that sets the style for the entire suburban area

For the manufacture of a round gazebo with columns and a dome, different materials are used, but the most popular are natural and artificial stone. Among the advantages of such a building are noted:

  • durability (the stone is not afraid of temperature changes and harsh weather conditions, and therefore retains its original appearance for a long time);
  • fire resistance (you can place a brazier or barbecue inside the building);
  • weakly heated in the sun;
  • aesthetic appearance created by smooth contours;
  • a cylindrical frame is more stable than a square or rectangular one;
  • less susceptible to wind loads;
  • can be installed on water.

When designing a rotunda, it is important to observe the general style in which the building and the site are decorated. The classic style of a round gazebo involves the use of simple columns, without additional decor

In a less strict design, curly flowers or grapes are used as decorative elements. Rotundas with capitals and carved ornaments on the dome, railings or columns are also relevant.

The classically executed rotunda looks great on the shore of the reservoir

The subtleties of building on your own

The process of building your own gazebo should begin with the development of the project. It is enough to make a drawing with a minimum designation of parameters, which will allow you to accurately calculate the amount of material.

After creating a sketch, the owner of the site should decide on the important points:

  1. Placement of the building. It is necessary to select the optimal place for the future gazebo, taking into account the airflow rate, the location of the shade and the features of the landscape.
  2. Foundation type. Assess the rational need for a solid foundation.
  3. Roofing and type of roof.

From the professional sheet

Before assembly, the list of required tools is also checked and their actual availability.

Choosing a place: a separate building or an annex

The placement of the gazebo in the country largely determines the capabilities and functionality of the future recreation area. The sheds and gazebos attached to the main building are well protected from blowing.

The warm wall allows you to spend less effort on heating the recreation area. There is no need to constantly put on shoes in order to walk through the site to a separate gazebo.

Often it is almost impossible to complete an extension to the main structure due to the peculiarities of the project, then the owners of the site choose a place at a relative distance from the house.

In the presence of dense vegetation and trees, sometimes the option of separate placement of the recreation area fits better into the landscape and the general style of the interior space of the summer cottage.

Installation and fastening of poles

Construction begins with the arrangement of a quality foundation, the purpose of which is to maintain the total weight of the structure. Pouring the foundation is required exclusively for stone gazebos or buildings made of other heavy materials.

Concreting pillars

The placement of the main posts for the canopy is carried out according to the following scheme:

  1. Pits are pre-dug, equidistant from each other. The depth of one pit is equal to 0.25 of the length of the support itself.
  2. A substrate is poured onto the bottom - crushed stone, sometimes gravel is used. Then you need to tamp this kind of pillow.
  3. By adjusting the perpendicular in the fossa, a stand is placed, the bottom of which is treated with protective compounds and wrapped in a special antiseptic material.
  4. Concrete is poured into the holes obtained.

The readiness of the columnar base occurs after 2 days.

Roof installation

The roof design largely determines the protective capabilities of the entire structure. The correct slope, reliable material and the absence of gaps allow you to create an impenetrable canopy.

Installation of roofing is carried out according to the plan:

  1. The rafter structure is assembled on the ground, due to its own low weight, it is easily installed without the help of construction equipment.
  2. The frame is pulled together with fasteners, securely fixed to the posts. The supports must first be connected to each other.
  3. A symmetrical lathing is created on which the main covering of the canopy is laid.

Note: to increase the strength of the upper structure will help special washers made of plastic, which must be placed under the screws. They eliminate the possibility of loosening and resist vibration.

Exploring Dimensioned Drawings

To optimize the installation process of the gazebo, you must first develop the most detailed drawing. It is possible to install gazebo awnings with minimal residues of materials only if all construction costs are correctly calculated.

At the stage of choosing a type of pergola, the study of projects on the Internet allows you to correctly distribute the available funds. Only after a thorough analysis of the ideological plans of several options can you choose the best one for your own site.

Sew up the walls

The final stage of construction is wall decoration. As a rule, only the lower part is sheathed up to the level of the railing, and everything above is left open. There are tons of options for every taste and budget:

  • Lining, block house, OSB slabs - the wood looks good and additionally holds the structure together.
  • Polycarbonate - protects from the wind, but transmits light. Easy to assemble.
  • The professional sheet is a solid wall, it gives shade and protects from the wind.
  • Decorative grille - suitable for both the bottom and the top of the walls.
  • Climbing plants - a dense hedge will protect from the sun and rain as well as solid walls, while looking nicer.
  • Leave it as it is - the design will be well blown and look very elegant.

See examples of building gazebos with your own hands

1. The simplest gazebo

The design is based on pentagonal trusses, which are interconnected and simultaneously serve as a base, walls and a roof. Benches are also attached to them.

2. Gazebo with a pitched roof

A fairly simple configuration that can be easily repeated in any size. Although it looks ugly, it does an excellent job with its functions.

3. Small hexagonal gazebo

A beautiful structure with a block house lower part, decorative grille and metal roofing.

4. Square gazebo with a soft roof

Simple construction with a hipped roof. The pillars are finished with dark lacquer, and the lower part is finished with a light block house.

5. Rectangular gazebo

The frame is made of wooden beams. The walls up to the railings are sewn up with clapboard, the roof and gables are covered with polycarbonate.

6. Light metal gazebo

The appeal of this gazebo is its hexagonal shape and simple design. The roof and lower part are made of polycarbonate.

7. Arbor from a profile pipe

The frame is made of a square tube, and the lower part and the roof are made of profiled sheet. The creator placed a brick barbecue nearby.

8. Dome arbor

An openwork gazebo made of a bent shaped tube with a table and benches. The walls and roof are covered with polycarbonate.

9. Large gazebo for 20 people

A solid structure made of massive timber under a four-pitched roof made of bituminous tiles.

10. Living gazebo

A unique variant that is literally grown. Flexible trees form green walls and domes that provide even better sun protection than traditional roofing.

For garden

When designing a recreation area in the center of a garden plot, you should not worry about the possible disadvantages of this placement.

Thanks to the unique qualities of polycarbonate, almost any place is ideal for intimate conversation. There is no better alternative for gazebos on the market than polycarbonate.

A gazebo for a summer residence made of polycarbonate and metal has the following features:

Forged

  1. High ability to withstand physical blows. Compared to the strength of ordinary glass panels, technological plastic is 200 times stronger than the nearest pursuer.
  2. The polycarbonate sheathing is corrosion resistant.
  3. With additional treatment with a protective composition, it is capable of blocking the penetration of ultraviolet radiation by 86%.
  4. The material is easy to process.
  5. Does not fly apart when broken into pieces.
  6. The ignition temperature is quite high, which makes the material refractory.

Any contamination of the garden gazebo cover can be easily removed with a regular wash. Polycarbonate is unpretentious to various cleaning compounds. The owners can postpone the renovation of the once-built recreation area for years.

The honeycomb lattice structure of polycarbonate does an excellent job of suppressing various noises, which only increases the comfort of being inside.

Features of round arbors

The main materials used for the construction of gazebos are brick, wood and metal. And in this regard, it makes no difference what shape they are: round, rectangular or, for example, hexagonal.

By and large, the circle is not far removed in shape from the polygon. Therefore, the gazebo is round, and to be more precise, its frame is erected according to the principle of a hexahedron or octahedron, depending on the size of the structure.

The final shape of the structure is given by the elements of filling the spans between the pillars: if they are straight, then a polyhedron is obtained (see. Hexagonal arbor for summer cottages - part one), if spherical, a rotunda or a semicircular arbor is obtained. This applies not only to the walls, but also to the structure of the roof, which is not pitched, but conical or domed.

Round metal gazebo

As for the foundation, then a lot depends on the dimensions and, accordingly, the mass of the structure. The summer gazebo can be installed on a flat area lined with paving slabs and cannot be attached to the base with anything. But for capital gazebos, especially covered ones, built of brick or timber, a solid foundation is being erected.

Wooden rotunda: a great option for a country house

  • Most often rotundas are brick, with decorative stone or plaster finishing. Oddly enough, building a round gazebo yourself from brick is much easier than from wood or metal.After all, the whole problem lies in the curved forms of the filling elements of the spans.
  • It is clear that it is simply impossible to bend the wooden arches that we see in the photo above, with our own hands, and even in everyday conditions. This is done in woodworking industries: for bending, they use peeled or sliced ​​veneer from hardwood: birch, alder, beech, poplar, ash, maple. This is not a complete list of breeds, and birch is considered the most plastic of them.

Round gazebos for summer cottages: offers from manufacturers

  • To get a curvilinear shape unusual for wood is possible only as a result of its hydrothermal treatment. Therefore, do-it-yourself wooden round gazebos can only be assembled from factory parts, and not made by yourself. Moreover, they have not only bent arches, but also the elements of the roof, and the filling of the spans have rounded shapes.
  • All of the above applies to metal arbors: whether bending wood or forging metal is an impossible process at home. Therefore, if you want an elegant cylindrical gazebo, give preference to the factory version. The price of the building will depend not only on the size, but also on the complexity of the manufacture of decorative elements.

Rotunda in classic style

If you want to have an elegant capital gazebo, pay attention to the classic rotunda. We will try to clarify this issue in detail by telling you how to build a round gazebo with columns.

Although this option cannot be called the cheapest, it is certainly the most respectable and durable.

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