Which wood preservative is better to choose: calculation and methods of wood processing with an antiseptic

The main types of composition

The composition of the wood impregnation determines its properties. In addition to the base, there are various additives that further improve the properties.

Water-soluble and oily

Water-based impregnation has the following advantages:

• practically no smell;
• harmless to humans and animals;
• dry quickly;
• can be applied to damp wood.

Water-based formulations have some disadvantages:

• the composition penetrates into the wood at a shallow depth;
• cannot be applied in the rain;
• provides only surface protection of wood.

Oil-based impregnations protect well from moisture, penetrating deeply into the structure of the tree, and also protect the wood from drying out and cracking. Such compositions are used to treat outdoor wooden furniture and structures exposed to precipitation. As a result of processing, the surface of the product becomes glossy.

Oil impregnation is flammable, treatment with them must be repeated annually, in addition, after oil, no other composition can be applied.

Solvent based

These compounds are specially designed for the treatment of building facades. An elastic film is formed on the treated surface that protects against moisture. They are also used as primers.

Alkyd and acrylic

Oils, wax, antiseptics are added to impregnations based on alkyd resins, which allows them to be classified as complex. The disadvantage of this type is the long drying time. By treating wood with alkyd impregnation, we achieve the following results:

• we emphasize the texture of the wood;
• we provide mechanical protection;
• we save from mold, algae;
• protect from moisture.

Acrylic impregnations are used for decorative and protective purposes. Their pluses:

• no smell;
• dry quickly;
• harmless and environmentally friendly;
• give the surface water resistance;
• strengthen the structure of the wood;
• prevent rotting;
• increase the service life of the tree.

The main disadvantage of acrylic impregnating compounds is that they do not tolerate low temperatures well.

Salt and bitumen based

Salt impregnations are sold ready-made and in powder form. Such preparations protect the rafter systems from fungus and pests. Crystals, salts remaining on the surface of the rafters after processing significantly reduce the risk of fire.

Bitumen-based impregnation is a thick black mass. This mixture is usually homemade and should only be used outdoors. Highly toxic, has a pungent unpleasant odor. Suitable for all types of wood. Forms a dense protective layer that provides almost 100% protection against moisture, mold, algae, insects. Bitumen is flammable, therefore, its treatment increases the flammability of the protected structures.

The best antiseptics and the specifics of their use

In an effort to provide maximum protection of wood from various external factors, manufacturers have developed many universal and specialized formulations.

With the effect of bleaching wood. They restore the natural color and texture of the affected areas, prevent the formation and spread of saprophytes. Bioshchit 1/2 (Latek), Standard, Profi, Light (Sagus) - for household use. Prosept 50, Neomid 440/430 Eco - concentrates with whitening and healing effect.

Line of impregnations with whitening effect

Protective agent against mold, parasitic microflora, fungus. PAF-LST, Senezh-BIO, (Senezh) Base, Impregnant, Belocid, Belbor fix (Belinka) is produced both in ready-to-use solutions and in concentrates.

Toning antiseptic Belinka

Universal means of bio-fire protection - Ognebio Prof and Senezh Ognebio (Senezh), Neomid 450-1 / 450 (Neomid).

Bio-fire protection means

Antiseptics with additional UV protection - Senezh Aquadecor (Senezh), Biofa 2108 (BIOFA).

Impregnations with protection against fading and mechanical stress

Antiseptics with moisture protection effect for outdoor work - Valtti Aquakolor (Tikkurila), Pinotex Terrace Oil (Akzonobel).

Moisture-repellent effect after treatment with antiseptic impregnations

Moisture-protective antiseptics for wet rooms (baths, saunas) - KRASULA (NPO NORT LLC), Senezh Insa, Senezh Trans (Senezh), Neomid 46/420 (Neomid), Prosept-46.

Antiseptic impregnation for a bath, in addition to magnetic properties, is resistant to high temperatures and humidity

Types of impregnation for the intended purpose

Impregnation for wood can have different characteristics according to the type of impact. In each case, the one that suits the most is selected.

Antiseptics

The antiseptic properties of the impregnation are aimed at protecting the tree from rotting and the formation of fungus and mold, from the attacks of various insects. Their individual components exclude the influence of biological factors.

A good antiseptic is highly resistant. It penetrates deeply into the structure of the material, has no unpleasant odor and is completely harmless to people. For protection during storage and transport, surface spraying is performed. Soaking is recommended during installation.

Fire protection

For protection against fire, acid, alkaline and salt impregnations are used. With additional protective layers, such products provide high fire safety and retain their characteristics for a long time. The mixtures are completely safe for living beings.

Acid formulations are the most reliable in this matter. This provides additional strength of the material while maintaining hygroscopic characteristics.

Alkaline impregnations are used much less frequently. They destroy the structure of the wood and are not at all suitable for the treatment of visible surfaces.

Saline solutions are considered the most ineffective. Over time, salt crystals appear on the surface and spoil the appearance of the product.

The fire protection layer on external surfaces is valid for 2 years. For internal work - 5 years. The principle of operation is that the substances that make up the impregnation melt under the influence of high temperatures and form a thin film that prevents the ingress of oxygen.

Frost resistance

Frost-resistant liquids are designed to preserve the properties of wood at a temperature of about -40 ° C. They have antiseptic and protective properties.

Water repellent effect

Due to the presence of wax and oils in the composition, the tree is completely protected from moisture penetration. Since the massif is destroyed even by hydrogen in the air, almost all impregnations have this effect, but there are also special means that are designed for surface treatment in baths and saunas, for external work.

Decorative properties

Decorative impregnation for wood, most often acrylic, is used to emphasize the natural texture of the solid wood. For decorative purposes, choose funds with the desired shade, matte or glossy film that forms after drying.

Complex impregnations

Most of the impregnations have many properties at once, have a complex composition, and are available in the form of concentrates.

The most popular are antiseptic impregnations with water-repellent and fire-fighting properties.

For interior work

When choosing an impregnation for wood processing, which will be or has already been installed indoors, first of all, they pay attention to the environmental friendliness and safety of the solution. Water-based products with natural solvents and oils meet these requirements.

Conventionally, all products in this line can be divided into 3 groups:

• antiseptics, which are designed to protect against decay, the formation of mold and mildew, temperature extremes, changes in shape and color;
• moisture-proof, with which the baths are treated to protect the array from constant exposure to high temperatures and moisture;
• fire retardant, significantly or completely reducing the risk of fire.

For outdoor work

When processing wood that will be constantly outdoors and exposed to various harmful and atmospheric factors, it is recommended to use more aggressive impregnations. At the same time, harm to health and environmental friendliness, due to the work on the street, fade into the background.

First of all, an antiseptic impregnation is used, which not only prevents various microorganisms from living and multiplying in the structure of the tree, destroying it, but also preserves its appearance, since the material turns black during the life of bacteria and fungi.

If the surface was previously given the desired shade, the impregnation should protect from ultraviolet radiation.

Criteria for choosing an antiseptic

To make the right choice of a suitable antiseptic, it is necessary to take into account the main criteria that determine the quality of the drug, the duration and effectiveness of its effect:

1. Consumption rates of the protective compound (g / sq. M) when applied in one layer. The average consumption of wood preservatives is from 180 to 260 g / sq. m. Fire retardants and bio-protection for wood have a high consumption - in this case, the indicator can be from 350 to 600 g / sq. m. For large volumes of work, it is recommended to calculate the required amount of antiseptic composition in advance. For this, the total area of ​​the treated surface is taken into account in linear or square meters.
2. The required number of layers. Some types of antiseptics have a high consumption, therefore they are applied in 2-3 layers.
3. The constituent components of the antiseptic preparation.
4. The duration of the protective agent. Wood preservatives have a long service life, which can be from 2 to 7 years, depending on their composition and quality. Any protective drug under the influence of negative factors gradually loses its original performance characteristics. Therefore, the period of 15-30 years declared by the manufacturer is nothing more than a marketing ploy.
5. The need for additional drying and grinding of the treated surface.
6. The available methods of applying impregnation are with a brush, roller or spray gun.
7. Appointment - for residential buildings, baths, open and closed outbuildings, external and internal work.
8. Compatible with decorative coatings - paint, varnish, stain and wax.
9. Performance characteristics - resistance to weathering, ultraviolet light, biological contamination.
10. The presence of special additives - coloring, protection against fire, decay and destruction.
11. Manufacturing company. Protective antiseptics for wood that meet all the stated requirements are produced on specialized expensive equipment that is available only to large companies. The high quality of the product is confirmed by the presence of appropriate certificates and conclusions.

All the main parameters of the protective product are indicated by the manufacturer on the label, so it is recommended to carefully study it before completing the purchase.

2> Application rules

The very technology of surface treatment with oils is simple, it is enough to follow the step-by-step instructions for using the selected composition and take into account the following rules:

1. Before processing, the wood is subjected to chamber drying to reduce the moisture level to 14% and polished to eliminate existing irregularities.
2. After preparation, mandatory testing of the selected composition is carried out on the surface.
3. The oil is applied in thin layers over the entire surface along the wood fibers, while each previous layer must dry well.
4. Excess oil composition is rubbed with a clean cloth for even absorption.
5. Despite the high absorption rate, wood surfaces are treated evenly from all sides.
6. If after the application and drying of the first layer, the pile has risen, the second layer is applied after preliminary sanding.
7. After the completion of the oiling procedure, the surface is polished to eliminate minor defects and the appearance of a characteristic gloss.

The total consumption of impregnation depends on the type and structure of the surface to be treated, as well as on the professionalism of the master.

Preliminary fine sanding of wood can lead to a significant reduction in oil consumption per square meter of surface.

High-quality oil impregnation will help preserve the performance characteristics of wooden surfaces: external - up to 3 years, internal - up to 6 years. After the specified time has elapsed, the protective coating requires renewal, for which a thorough cleaning of the surface is carried out and an additional fixing layer is applied. To determine the density of the composition, the degree of damage or deformation of the oil coating is taken into account.

> Processing wood with natural oils is a simple and affordable way to protect against the negative effects of various factors. Such compositions are environmentally friendly, safe and practical, and most importantly, cheaper than industrial antiseptics.

Types of impregnation for the intended purpose

Impregnating compounds for wood differ in purpose. Their use directly depends on the type and chemical properties of the components. Before deciding on a particular brand, it is worth deciding on the goals that you pursue by impregnating wood.

Antiseptics

The wood preservative impregnation, in addition to protecting it, brightens and whitens the surface of the wood, which is important if the board is covered with dark mold spots. Antiseptic treatment will help disinfect surfaces and prevent the appearance of fungus and rot in the future.

Examples of antiseptics:

1. Prosept 50. For indoor and outdoor use.
2. Senezh Effeo. Eco-friendly, economical consumption.
3. Fongifluid Alps. Prolonged protection, treatment with this composition increases paint adhesion.

Fire protection

Wood is a combustible material. Preventive treatment with flame retardants will help prevent disaster. Most often, roofs and ceilings are impregnated with similar compounds. The protective effect must be confirmed by a certificate.

The most popular fire retardant impregnations: Senezh Ognebio and Ognebio Prof for outside treatment. Universal compositions Pirilaks, Neomid 450 are used to treat log cabins and frame structures.

Frost resistance

Wood treated with special compounds can easily withstand the most extreme temperatures without damage. The active substances of the impregnations Alpa Polyfluid, Texturol Biosecurity, NORT KRASULA and others prevent the destruction of wood.

Water repellent effect

A water-repellent wood impregnator helps to protect the wood from excess moisture. Untreated wood absorbs water like a sponge, as a result, it becomes an excellent environment for bacteria and fungi that cause rotting, the geometry of the products changes, strength and elasticity are lost.

Water-repellent impregnations:

1. Senezh Ultra. The manufacturer guarantees three levels of moisture protection. Can be used as a primer.
2. Valtti Akvacolor. Oil-based tinting. They are used on facades, gazebos, terraces and other buildings erected in humid regions.
3. NEOMID 430 ECO. Long-term protection against very high humidity. Has a strong odor, gives the wood a greenish tint.

Decorative properties

Decorative impregnations for wood are used not only to protect wood, but also to change or correct color, to emphasize the texture of wood. Often, these formulations are used as a regular paint.

The following brands have earned special love and trust:

1. Lux Decor.Acrylic, for facade work.
2. Sitex. In addition to decorative properties, it provides protection from moisture for 5 years. For interior and exterior use.
3. Valtti Akvacolor. Facade, with a rich palette of shades.

Complex impregnations

Nowadays, an integrated approach to wood processing is increasingly being carried out. It's faster and cheaper. Instead of treating the building in several layers, giving the wood the desired properties, you can apply a complex impregnation, while providing moisture, fire and biosecurity.

The most popular complex impregnations:

1. With wax. Perfectly protects against moisture, grease, solutions. Prevents the appearance of mold, unicellular algae. The term of protection is 5-7 years.
2. Prosept Sauna. Antiseptic specially designed for use in saunas and baths.

Making impregnation with your own hands

Home-made compositions may not be inferior in their characteristics to purchased ones, but their cost will be much cheaper. No difficulties should arise during production. The main thing is to adhere to the safety rules, use means to protect the face and hands.

The impregnation, which many people prefer to do at home on their own, is bituminous. In addition to the main component, you will need gasoline or diesel fuel.

Production requires an open flame, a large metal container and a long stirrer. Solid bitumen must first be melted, stirring constantly and controlling the presence of undissolved lumps. Then the container is set aside or the fire is extinguished under it and the mass is allowed to cool slightly. The solvent is gradually added and kneaded to the required consistency. When using gasoline, it must be borne in mind that it evaporates quickly.

Heating of the bitumen mass should be carried out slowly to avoid foaming and overflowing over the edge of the container. The cooking process may take different time, depending on the volume of the mass.

The finished product is capable of hardening, so it must be consumed immediately, adding a solvent if necessary.

You can make a cheap antiseptic from water and copper sulfate at home. Like any saline solution, such a mixture is made by dissolving in water in a given ratio, which depends on the type of wood:

1. For the treatment of household structures or objects inside the house, a weak solution is sufficient, which contains up to 4% salts, no more than 400 g per 10 liters of water.
2. For outdoor furniture, a more concentrated mixture is recommended.
3. For the treatment of pillars or structures dug into the ground, the solution is prepared from 1-2 kg of vitriol per 10 liters of water. The coating is carried out more thoroughly and in several stages.
4. To control the application of a weak liquid, add a little potassium permanganate to it. The treated area will be immediately visible, and the toning will disappear over time. More concentrated solutions will take on a tint due to the color of the salts.

The whole process consists in adding vitriol to hot water and stirring until it is completely dissolved. After cooling, the solution can be applied with a brush or spray bottle. The ready-made mixture is stored for several days, if use immediately after preparation is impossible due to weather conditions or other individual reasons.

> Manufacturing of water-based saline solutions is also carried out indoors. The main thing is to make sure that they do not fall on things or in hard-to-reach places and cracks.

The construction market is filled with all kinds of impregnations for solid wood or finished products from it. All of them differ in characteristics, action and service life, and can be cheap or reach a high price range.

When choosing, it is necessary to be guided solely by the need for their application and what effects should be realized after their application.

In addition, you should avoid purchasing goods from unknown manufacturers, especially when it comes to impregnations that will be used for interior work.

Types of antiseptic compositions

A huge number of different antiseptic agents are presented on the construction market, which are divided according to the following criteria - in terms of their basis, scope of use, functional features and cost.

To choose the right wood preservative, let's take a closer look at each of the types.

The foundation

All antiseptic agents have a different basis, which is determined by the active components that make up their composition.

There are the following categories of antiseptics:

• water soluble
• oil,
• organic,
• combined.

4> Water soluble

Water-soluble antiseptics are intended for the prevention of all types of wood. Such compositions are suitable for impregnation of various surfaces that are not directly exposed to excessive moisture or water. The composition of water-soluble impregnations includes sodium fluoride and fluorosilicate, boric acid and borax. They are characterized by a short drying time after application to the surface.

Oil

Oil-based antiseptics are the most popular because they are designed to protect wood from the negative effects of moisture. Non-washable impregnations are made on the basis of oils - anthracene, shale, creosote, coal and semi-coke.

Despite their effectiveness and good protection results, oil formulations are highly toxic, flammable and have an unpleasant chemical odor.

In addition, such impregnations are capable of coloring wooden surfaces, giving them more intense shades.

4> Organic

Organic antiseptics are used to impregnate structures and decorative elements inside and outside buildings. When applied, they create a durable indelible film with excellent adhesive and hydrophobic properties.

Natural impregnations are designed for the pretreatment of modern lumber - beams, logs or boards used for wall construction.

The compounds color the wood in a green shade and increase its porosity, promote the formation of corrosion on metal elements that are joined to the wooden base.

Combined

For the manufacture of combined compositions, a mineral base (salt) and an organic solvent are used, therefore they are capable of performing the functions of antiseptics and fire retardants.

Such antiseptics provide reliable protection of wood from parasitic insects, mold, rotting and burning. In addition, some preparations contain safe coloring components, which, in addition to coloring, provide wood surfaces with maximum resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

3> Scope of use

The choice of a suitable protective impregnation depends on the type of wood and its purpose. According to the scope of use, antiseptics are divided into 2 categories:

• for external processing,
• for internal processing.

For outdoor work

Here are antiseptic compounds that are suitable for external wood treatment. They have excellent resistance to weathering - ultraviolet light, high humidity and temperature extremes.

Antiseptics for outdoor use have a strong chemical odor, which disappears after the treated surface is completely dry. Such preparations are not suitable for indoor wood treatment.

Substances are divided into 2 types:

1. Deep penetration impregnations are designed to kill mold, fungi and insect pests.
2. Finishing compounds are designed to protect the impregnating layer from wind load. They do not penetrate deeply into wood fibers, but they are able to create a strong film on the treated surface.

For interior work

This includes antiseptic solutions based on environmentally friendly components that are used to treat wood surfaces indoors. They do not have a chemical odor and do not emit toxic substances into the air.

Antiseptics for deep penetration wood have a prolonged effect, therefore they do not require annual renewal.

For indoor areas with different levels of humidity, it is necessary to choose the appropriate antiseptic preparations. Information on the purpose of the wood preservative is indicated on the original packaging.

The principle of operation and advantages of using an antiseptic

To prevent or minimize negative external influences, wood is treated with special compounds - antiseptics. However, wooden structures are operated with fluctuations in temperature and humidity, ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the list of diseases and pests is also very diverse:

• wood-destroying and wood-coloring fungi (saprophytes);
• algae - stain and deform the outer shell;
• bacteria - initiate putrefactive processes;
• bark beetles, grinders, woodcutting beetles.

Wood affected by blue

Almost all antiseptic agents contain the following active substances:

• oxidants - destroy the fungus at the cellular level;
• fungicides - block putrefactive processes and the effect of enzymes secreted by the fungus, have a toxic effect on insects.

Wood eaten by woodworms

All antiseptics are produced in the form of liquid emulsions. The better the penetration effect of the composition, the higher the level of protection it provides.

The use of antiseptics significantly improves the performance characteristics of wood and provides the following advantages:

• protection of building structures from damage caused by insects and rot;
• preventing the appearance of spots (blue, fungus) on the surface;
• reducing the likelihood of cracking;
• increased adhesion to paint and varnish finishing materials.

Why process wood

Due to its exposure to the environment, the material needs periodic maintenance.

Impregnations will become a protective agent against:

• mold, mildew;
• rotting;
• insects;
• high humidity;
• fire (improve fire-fighting properties);
• ultraviolet rays;
• dust, pollution;
• minor damages, scratches.

As a preventive measure, even before the start of construction, it will be quite useful to let the wood dry. As a rule, this process under natural conditions can take one year (at least!), Depending on the type of wood and the initial degree of moisture in the frame. Some time ago, timber for construction was harvested in the fall, when the natural moisture content of the timber decreased and there was time for drying before the summer construction season.

Now the technology of drying lumber has changed. Wood is dried in different ways, and here are some of them:

• Industrial drying of wood and lumber in drying chambers;
• Drying with paraffin;
• Steaming with linseed oil;
• Drying wood at home (folk methods);
• Natural fresh air drying;
• Drying of wood in microwave ovens, under the influence of microwave radiation.

Isolation of wooden structures from direct contact with the ground, stone, concrete - this will significantly reduce the risk of further aging of the wood;

Protection of wooden structures from the effects of weather by all known methods;

You can protect wood from negative factors both using folk methods and using special impregnations and antiseptics.

Folk ways of processing wood from decay

Wood as a building material has been used for a very long time and during this time builders have developed many different ways to protect it. Some recipes and "homemade preparations" are still alive and successfully used today.

For a very long time, wood impregnation with hot resin has been used. This method is well suited for processing fences, gazebos, benches, logs. For a long time, resin has been used for this purpose in shipbuilding.

Treatment of wooden surfaces with a solution of copper sulfate. In this case, vitriol is used as an antiseptic.

Creation of a protective film on wooden surfaces using silicate glue.

Treatment of wooden surfaces with dry salt or in combination with boric acid. The wood is treated with this solution several times for deeper absorption.

Protection of wooden surfaces and contact soil (up to half a meter in depth) with a solution of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate, in a one-to-one ratio.

There are many unusual methods of wood preservation and protection, but their effectiveness for each specific case can be confirmed or refuted only by applying it in practice.

Rules for processing wood by impregnation

In order to provide high-quality protection, the impregnation must be applied to the surface of the tree in compliance with certain rules:

• low viscosity solutions, such as aqueous solutions, are sprayed over the surface of the substrate. For a thick composition, it is preferable to use a roller or brush;
• it takes different times for the solution to dry: the water will dry out in a couple of hours, the rest can remain sticky in a day;
• to form a protective coating using impregnation that can have a negative impact on human health, should be in PPE;
• it is worth taking care of the absence of children and animals near the processing area. The impact of impregnation on them will be more negative than on adults;
• follow the manufacturer's recommendations and apply a sufficient number of protective layers;
• observe the frequency of treatment of wood with impregnation specified in the instructions for application.

Wood treatment methods with antiseptic

All antiseptic agents are sold in the form of liquid formulations, concentrates that must be diluted with water, or ready-made emulsions. They can be applied in several ways, similar to paints and varnishes.

Brush

Applying an antiseptic with a paint brush is a rather lengthy but most economical treatment. It makes it possible to qualitatively cover corners, joints of parts and hard-to-reach areas with a liquid composition. Recommended for small surfaces. It is allowed to use for antiseptic mixtures of any type, both deep penetration and external.

Brush impregnation is one of the easiest treatments and can be done with your own hands.

Roller

It is used when processing medium-sized structures with a flat and straight surface. It is recommended to use thread or fur rollers. Usually, with their help, matting or coloring impregnations are applied. When performing work, use a plastic bath to ensure an even application.

It is recommended to use rollers with medium-length synthetic pile.

Spray

Designed for processing large areas. With its help, it is possible to process both flat surfaces and structures of complex shape with a uniform layer. The consumption of the antiseptic is slightly higher than with manual processing.

With the help of sprayers, impregnations are most often applied on a water and organic basis.

Immersion

This option provides a high degree of protection for timber structures. Not only small parts are processed this way. To immerse long products (boards, beams, beams) directly on the construction site, a trench is pulled out in the ground, laid out with a film and filled with an antiseptic. The disadvantage of this method is the high consumption of antiseptic substances.

Bath for impregnation of lumber PHOTO: esa.by

Autoclaving

Provides maximum protection. The antiseptic penetrates deep into the wood under pressure. It is used exclusively in enterprises.

Impregnation of lumber with an antiseptic in an autoclave guarantees maximum protection against biological corrosion

Let's sum up

Concluding the review about oils for internal impregnation, we separately note the fact that the apparent simplicity of the technology is deceiving, and the quality of the resulting coating directly depends on the knowledge of all the nuances of using protective compounds.

We are an official dealer of the most popular brands of impregnating oils, therefore our specialists are constantly trained at qualifying seminars and courses conducted by manufacturers, which guarantees compliance with all norms and requirements when performing work.

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