How oak reproduces: methods and rules

The choice of trees for planting on the site takes into account the area of ​​the territory, the preferences of the owner. For many generations, one family will be a symbol of longevity, strength, power, the oak, especially since many species of this tree can grow in different climatic zones. In addition to the beauty of the trunk, the carved leaves, the oak has a powerful branched crown, under which all representatives of a large family can gather at a wide table. It is good to rest under the canopy of a tree, admire its colorful colors in autumn.

There are more than six hundred species of the powerful oak tree. They differ in the structure of the crown, leathery leaves, and their colors. Many of them are used in the design of parks and squares of the city, home gardens. In addition to its mighty beauty, the tree has a lot of useful properties. Oak bark is used to treat inflammation of the mucous membrane of various human organs. Even after standing near an oak tree for a while, you can calm down, put your nervous system in order.

Content:

• The best varieties of oak for the site
• Conditions for growing a tree
• Breeding methods for oak
• Terms and rules for planting a seedling
• Care tips: watering, feeding, pruning
• Diseases and pests of oak, the fight against them

The best varieties of oak for the site

The resistance of the tree to unfavorable climatic conditions is known. After all, he is not afraid of gusty winds, crackling frosts, severe drought. Among the best varieties of oak for planting in the garden, you can choose the following:

• The white oak has a spreading crown, forming a lush tent. Decorative appearance in the colors of wide leaves. When opening, the leaves on the branches are painted in bright red, in summer they are light green, and on the back side they are almost white. In the autumn months, the tree delights with dark red foliage. The variety is not suitable for areas with severe frosts.
• A slender tree - swamp oak - reaches a height of twenty-five meters. Its pyramidal crown with young hanging shoots will decorate even a small area. The plant grows quickly in moist, nutritious soils. Light green leaves, similar to wide lobes, take on a purple hue in autumn.
• Stone oak is highly resistant to frost. The leaves of this species are decorative - narrow, curly, yellow-variegated, ovoid. To match the shape of the leaves and crown. Tree varieties are suitable for creating hedges, alleys. They look great in group and single plantings.
• The homeland of red oak is the north of the American continent, so it easily tolerates cold. The decorativeness of the tree consists in a spherical crown, reddish leaves, thin, with pointed blades.
• The English oak is most widespread in European forests. This powerful handsome man can reach fifty meters in length. Its dark green leaves, together with branches, form a wide crown. The longevity of the species is striking, the age of some specimens reaches thousands of years. Among the varieties of the pedunculate oak, there are plants with a vertical, pyramidal crown with low growth.

For a large area of ​​the site, you can choose giants with a tent-shaped crown. For small areas, small slender oaks are suitable.But all of them will ennoble the recreation area, the alleys leading to the house.

Conditions for growing a tree

All varieties of oak, despite some external difference, can grow under certain conditions. Many of them hate shaded areas and prefer sunny ones. Only stone oak can grow in the shade of other trees. It is important to know that root system, the crown of oak can reach enormous sizes, destroying even nearby buildings, sidewalk or concrete paths. The strength of the roots can damage the foundation of a house. Therefore, when planning the planting of a tree, this must be taken into account.

The best place for the "giant" would be a far corner of the garden, where you can arrange a recreation area for the whole family.

Wet soils with a normal level are suitable for oak. acidity... Sour soil is dangerous for them, because of this, a deciduous tree cannot coexist with coniferous specimens. And the earth hidden by fallen needles will not be able to provide a deciduous tree with sufficient moisture and nutrients.

Almost all types of oak can easily tolerate low temperatures, but spring frosts often kill white and marsh oak seedlings. All this must be taken into account when buying a young tree.
Fertile soils, more sunshine, space - these are the main conditions that are suitable for a giant oak.

Oak propagation methods

If you want to have a magnificent specimen of a deciduous tree on your site, then you can grow it from an acorn. Collect them in the fall and keep in a cool place. You can plant them in pots with nutritious soil, and by the spring there will already be tender sprouts that can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Oak is characterized by long growth, so you need to be patient with your green friend and take proper care of him.

But in the spring, you can stumble upon seeds that begin to hatch slightly. A pit prepared in advance is filled with a soil mixture of one part of sand, garden soil, two parts of humus. The acorn is buried in the ground by 5-7 centimeters. Water the landing site regularly. Under good conditions, sprouts will sprout quickly. It remains to organize a thorough care for them.
Many gardeners prefer to purchase seedlings from nurseries. This method is the most accessible and effective. A young tree already has a strong root system, it remains to find a place for it on the site and plant it.

A young oak tree dug in the forest will easily take root in the garden if you add land taken in the place of its growth to the planting hole. The pit is prepared in advance by filling it with loose soil, neutral in acidity. Attention to the seedling will reduce the time it takes to adapt the sprout to new conditions, and gain a foothold in a new place.

Terms and rules for planting a seedling

Autumn during Indian summer is suitable for planting a young oak tree. Before the onset of winter, the tree will get stronger, it will be able to survive an unfavorable time. In spring, it can be planted after the establishment of warm weather, without strong night frosts.

Landing features:

• A drainage layer ten centimeters thick is laid at the bottom of the planting pit. This will help prevent moisture from stagnating, enhance the permeability and looseness of the soil. And the addition of wood-deciduous pulp will allow air to circulate freely. It is useful to add ammonia fertilizer to the pit.
• The seedling, together with a clod of earth on the roots, is placed in the recess of the pit. When falling asleep, the soil is compacted around the trunk with the help of a mortar or with a hand clenched into a fist. This must be done carefully, without damaging the delicate roots of the oak.
• In the first days after planting, the seedling will need to be watered. You can mulch the soil around the tree by sprinkling a layer of wood chips or peat about ten centimeters.
• After planting a tree in the fall, it is sheltered for the winter, wrapping the trunk with burlap in one or two layers.

The first years of the seedling's life will be the strengthening of the root system. Only after one and a half to two years will the oak grow.

Care tips: watering, feeding, pruning

Caring for an oak tree is not particularly difficult:

1. Regularity glaze determined by the dryness of summer or spring. If the drought period is long, then a bucket of water is poured into the square meter of the crown projection. Watering is especially important for young plants in extreme heat.
2. Feed the tree twice. At the beginning of spring, a kilogram is diluted in ten liters of water mullein, ten grams of urea, twenty - ammonium nitrate and water the area of ​​the root circle. In September, no more than twenty grams of nitrophosphate is introduced.
3. Weeds are constantly removed near the tree and the soil is loosened to a depth of twenty-five centimeters.
4. Crown pruning is carried out in autumn or early spring, during the dormant period, removing dried branches. In this case, the air temperature should not be lower than minus five degrees, otherwise the tree will freeze. The procedure is necessary to clean the trunk from top shoots. The crown of the tree is also formed by pruning. In the fall, 2-3 axial branches in the center of the crown are cut out to the trunk, shortening the side ones. On thick branches, the cuts are treated with garden varnish or natural paint. In spring, the oak will delight with a spherical crown, and the height of the tree will decrease. If it is necessary to suspend the growth of a giant in height, then the apical bud is cut off, making a pinching of the central shoot. In red oak, it is necessary to remove thin shoots with a diameter of six centimeters.

Caring for an oak tree is simple, does not require either material or time costs.

Diseases and pests of oak, the fight against them

The mighty tree is renowned for its robust health. But sometimes on the trunks of young oak trees, areas lined with frost are found. The affected areas treated with an antiseptic will heal quickly. The process of spreading them with garden varnish will speed up the process.

What a tree can "suffer" from:

• Necrosis of branches, trunks is noticeable by the shedding of the bark in the affected areas. The causative agents of the disease include the types of condial and marsupial fungi. The consequences of the disease are the death of branches, even the death of an oak. Plants with mechanical damage are usually affected by the disease. A tree is exposed to pathology, weakened by unfavorable climatic conditions - drought, severe frosts. You can save it by treating the places of cuts and cuts with iron sulfate. The procedure is carried out in early spring before bud break.
• Once under the bark of a tree, dropsy bacteria infect even mature trees. The swellings formed under the bark are filled with liquid. After cracking the trunk, the mucus flows out, forming brown spots on the bark. Favorable for the spread of bacterial dropsy are periods of drought and rains, sudden temperature changes. The prevention of the disease includes timely pruning of dry branches, cleaning and destruction of cut shoots.
• Of the pests, gall midges, insects similar to tiny flies, attack the tree. Laying eggs inside the leaf, they infect the entire tree. At the places of egg-laying, balls are formed in which harmful larvae hide. Treatment of pesticides with drugs will save the plant from an insect.
• The oak barbel reaches 2-5 centimeters in length. His mustache is the same length. Insect larvae feed on wood, bast, tree roots, gnawing holes inside the trunk. You can destroy the barbel by spraying once with Karate or twice with Karbofos.
• The green oak leafworm resembles small butterflies. Its front wings are light green, and the hind wings are light gray. Yellowish caterpillars eat up the leaves of the tree, which stops the growth of the oak, destroying the harvest of acorns. The parasite appears in the first month of summer during high humidity and heat. You can destroy the leaf roller by double spraying Karbofos, Decis.

Diseases and parasites are affected by trees that are weakened, growing with insufficient care.

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