The use of water resources in everyday life and at work makes it possible to keep the premises clean and tidy, as well as create various products. In this case, sewage treatment systems play an important role, which protect the environment from chemical compounds.
Today, two main options are used - general purpose (urban) and autonomous.
Ladders for drainage and sewer wells
Like any system, the sewage system can fail. In addition, it requires regular maintenance. For this, wells are provided, the depth of which may vary. Therefore, they necessarily contain such an element as a sewer ladder, which must meet certain requirements and is used by repair teams to access the sewer nodes.
Their need was realized immediately after the appearance of the water supply system. At the moment, ladders for wells are manufactured according to specified parameters and special projects.
There are several types for networks:
- water supply;
- sewerage;
- thermal;
- drain;
- drainage.
Scope of application
The quality of the sewer system depends, first of all, on its elements, including the ladder for sewer wells. First of all, this is due to the well, where access is constantly needed to replace and repair equipment.
The descent into the ground is not as easy as it seems, therefore it is very important that it is safe, as warned by the safety instructions. This is precisely the main functional purpose of sewer ladders. The most popular type today is considered to be type KL 1.
Purpose
At its core, a staircase is a simple but important element of our daily life. At the same time, special options are required for underground utilities. The most popular are metal well ladders. (See also the article How to make a ladder from metal with your own hands)
They:
- reliable;
- do not corrode;
- durable in operation;
- are used daily by workers to service underground utilities.
Do not underestimate the sewer ladder, since only thanks to it there is an opportunity to get into the inspection wells of engineering networks for timely troubleshooting. Therefore, despite the fact that the sewage system consists of many elements, among which it is the most invisible, its role is quite serious.
Advice: in humid places, a stainless steel well ladder is installed, which guarantees a long service life.
Peculiarities
Currently, many companies are engaged in the production and sale of sewer ladders. Their price depends on the material from which it is made and parameters. It should be borne in mind that the cost of a stainless staircase to the well will be more expensive than a metal one. (see also the article Stainless steel ladders - a treasure trove for those who want to excel)
You can lighten the structure with the help of smooth reinforcement, which does not affect its strength. You can do it yourself without the involvement of professionals, but in compliance with all the rules. This allows them to be quickly assembled without the use of heavy equipment.
Advice: in addition to using high-quality metal, it is necessary to monitor the quality of welding, which will ensure resistance to stress and long-term operation.
Stairs are an indispensable element of urban communications, providing access to plots of underground, located at different levels. The design is thought out in such a way as to provide convenient and safe access. The well ladder is a practical and reliable element of sewer systems. (see also the article Welded stairs: designs and features)
The structure and operation of the city sewage system
The city cannot do without an extensive sewage network.
Its main purpose:
- water disposal;
- cleaning, processing of liquid household waste and effluents.
Depending on the origin of the collected water, the city sewage system is divided into:
- household;
- rain or storm;
- production.
Fundamentally, the work of urban and autonomous sewerage is no different. The only difference is in their size and complex tasks of processing the required volumes of effluents.
It takes its origin when draining waste from:
- administrative;
- office facilities;
- private houses;
- apartments.
Therefore, at the exit from the buildings, the first sewer wells are placed.
They are intended for:
- providing prompt intervention in the system of houses in case of clogging, when the rules for using the operation of the sewage system are violated;
- creation of docking nodes of the sewer system, including for connecting the sewer pipes.
Wells are:
- Inspection;
- Drainage;
- Sewer;
- Differential;
- Flushing.
Sewer pipeline
To improve drainage, a phased increase in the diameter of the pipeline is provided. It reaches its maximum value when the drain pipe is connected to the collector. Due to the complexity of laying, this section can be compared with the creation of a subway, although there is no special functional transformation for the pipeline here.
Of great importance for the normal operation of the sewage system is the creation of the correct slope during pipe laying. If the city is located on an area with difficult terrain, this will not be enough.
In this case, another method of drainage is used. For example, fecal pumps are used, which make it possible to move the drains into an additional pipe laid at the desired angle of inclination.
Thanks to such pumps, it is possible to create a stage system. It will allow organizing sewage systems in the most difficult areas, including villages on the slopes of the hills.
All wastewater flows through pipelines:
- in sewage treatment structures;
- aeration stations;
where the next stage of purification takes place through fermentation. The whole process takes place in special tanks, where bacterial additives and chemical reagents are added.
Pipelines are made from:
- Cast iron;
- Ceramics;
- Polypropylene;
- Polyethylene;
- Polyester resin.
Advice: in connection with the environmental ban on the joint removal of rainwater and domestic water, sewer systems should be created with separate outlet branches for different types of wastewater.
Sewerage history
History gives us a hint that even in ancient Rome, sewage was familiar to residents of cities and towns. But, its first sources go even deeper - to India. The artifacts found indicate that long before the Romans, primitive designs were already used here. After that, the sewage system appeared in Babylon and only then - in Ancient Rome.
Goku and the Romans can be proud of their public toilets, which, even after so many years, amaze archaeologists. They were the first to create a truly comfortable system, which was used until the 19th century, and in the capital of Italy they still use it in some areas.
After the fall of Rome, the sewage system fell into disrepair, which subsequently led to the appearance of terrible epidemics, including plague and cholera, which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives throughout Europe.Therefore, since the end of the 18th century, the attitude towards her has changed dramatically. Currently, the culture of hygiene prevails, which has made it possible to create various sewerage systems.
Output
The use of ladders for sewer wells allows you to solve many problems in the maintenance and repair of engineering networks and communications. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.
