Varieties and brands
Different bricks are used for different areas of construction. It is subdivided into several groups, which differ in their technological characteristics, as well as in the material of manufacture.
Zabutovochny
The basis of a ceramic backing product is ordinary clay. Material processing is carried out by semi-dry pressing. This type of brick received a second name - ordinary. It is distinguished by its high strength and low cost.
Ceramic backing products have several positive qualities:
- strength;
- fire safety;
- frost resistance;
- long period of operation.
These products differ in their shape:
- full-bodied;
- hollow.
In a full-bodied ordinary brick, there are no voids, only 13% of the total volume falls. The material is characterized by increased thermal conductivity.
"Loaf"
It differs in its appearance, on which the formation of various defects occurred:
- rough surface;
- chips;
- oblique edges.
Thanks to the embossed pattern, the "loaf" adheres perfectly to concrete.
The main advantages of this type of brick are:
- high density;
- not afraid of mechanical stress;
- meets modern environmental requirements;
- does not lose its properties during temperature changes.
Hollow
Among the many advantages of such a brick, the following stand out:
- the value of thermal conductivity is much less than a similar solid block;
- creates excellent sound insulation;
- low density;
- small weight;
- profitability.
Burnt
The current GOST does not recommend using burnt bricks during construction, since its heat treatment was done incorrectly. In principle, burnt material can be called a marriage. Such a brick is distinguished by its melted appearance, dark shade, violation of geometry. The product has a high density, perfectly conducts heat.
M100
One square centimeter of this material can freely withstand a pressure of 100 kg. The density of the brick is in direct proportion to the material of manufacture.
Brick has several subgroups:
- ceramic;
- one and a half;
- hyper-pressed;
- single;
- corpulent;
- hollow.
The block can withstand a pressure of 150 kg. The material is used for the construction of any buildings.
ShB-5
Refractory bricks that have been developed for the construction of structures where there is a constantly high temperature (for example, a furnace).
The technical characteristics of the product meet the requirements of GOST 390 - 96.
1-NF
This is a single brick in a standard format. The material is available in different strengths. Popular brands of this variety include M100 and M200.
The material differs from analogues in its height. It is 13 mm larger. The difference in size does not affect its application.
Facial
Such bricks are used to decorate the facade of walls made of any material. If necessary, they are covered with an additional insulating layer.
The advantages of facing bricks include:
- strength;
- environmental friendliness;
- durability;
- different texture.
Clay
Such a product was used hundreds of years ago. However, today the artificially made clay block has not lost its relevance. Various forms, a mass of all kinds of shades make it possible to create architectural masterpieces. This environmentally friendly material remains the most popular and in demand among the population.
High strength made it possible to lay out external walls from clay blocks, which are plastered and then revetted. To create a beautiful design, a geometric pattern is made on the surface, which strengthens the hitch.
Yellow
It differs from analogs in a yellow tint. The brick includes:
- limestone;
- cement;
- iron oxide.
The mixture of these elements gives the brick a yellow tint. The product belongs to the silicate group. These blocks are mainly used for the construction of large yellow buildings. For the production of clinker products, clay is used that never melts. The resulting building material is bright yellow. This refractory material has found wide application in the construction of country houses, as it is highly frost-resistant. Fireclay bricks have a rough surface, yellow color and various shapes.
Varieties
The popularity and huge demand for double brick is due to its high performance. It can differ in texture, size, number of slots and shapes of voids. There are two types of blocks depending on the raw materials used for manufacturing.
Silicate
Their main feature is that the production is carried out from a mixture of 90% sand and 10% water. In addition, the product also contains additives that increase its quality. This is an absolutely environmentally friendly material that looks like natural stone. The process of making double silicate bricks is carried out by pressing a moistened mixture of lime and sand, after which various pigments are added to it, and sent for steam treatment. It can be either hollow, slotted or porous. By strength, silicate blocks are divided into grades from 75 to 300.
These blocks are most often used for laying out internal and external partitions. It is impossible to use silicate brick for the construction of basements and foundations of buildings, since the product is not resistant to moisture, and in the absence of a waterproofing layer, it can be subject to destruction. It is not recommended to make double silicate bricks and laying pipes, ovens. It will not withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
As for the advantages, this product has excellent sound insulation and has the correct geometric shape. Despite the large weight of such bricks, their laying is quick and easy. In terms of their density, silicate products are 1.5 times higher than ceramic ones, therefore they provide durable and high-quality masonry. In addition, silicate double blocks are 30% cheaper than other types.
Ceramic
They are a modern building material that is used in almost all types of construction work. Its feature is considered to be large, which is usually 250 × 120 × 138 mm. Thanks to such non-standard dimensions, construction is accelerated, and the consumption of concrete pouring is significantly reduced. In addition, double ceramic bricks are in no way inferior in strength to conventional blocks, so it can be used when erecting load-bearing and self-supporting structures in buildings no more than 18 m high.The product is also characterized by high thermal insulation, the buildings laid out of it are always warm, and they are constantly maintained optimal microclimate.
The main advantage of double ceramic bricks is its affordable cost, while many manufacturers often make good discounts when purchasing blocks for the construction of a large object. These blocks, in addition to high quality, also have an aesthetic appearance. Usually brick is red in color, but depending on the additives, it can also acquire other shades. The product is environmentally friendly, and even with prolonged use and exposure to the external environment, it does not emit harmful substances.
These blocks are transported on pallets, where they usually fit up to 256 pieces. As for the marking, it can be different, more often everyone chooses M-150 and M-75 bricks for the construction of objects. In addition, double ceramic blocks are subdivided into solid and hollow; not only their price, but also their heat capacity depends on this parameter.Hollow bricks cannot be used for the construction of load-bearing walls, in this case only solid bricks are allowed. Despite the fact that the first is lightweight and significantly reduces the overall load on the foundation, the inherent cracks in it affect the thermal conductivity.
In addition, double bricks are subdivided into the following types.
- Private. These blocks are ideal for laying stoves, fireplaces and foundations. The only thing is that the front layout requires additional finishing.
- Facial. It is produced in clinker and hyper-pressed versions. It can be either solid or hollow bricks. Unlike ordinary blocks, face blocks are produced in curly, trapezoidal, rounded and twisted shapes. As for the color, it is dark brown, gray, red, yellow and brown.
What is considered a marriage?
In addition to the listed types of bricks, defects can also affect the dimensions. In GOST, the permissible deviation rate is established at which significant deformation of the structure will not occur.
The standards provide less stringent requirements for building bricks, the facing option should practically not have deviations, at least noticeable to the eye. This is due to the purpose of the application, the aesthetic component is impossible with unequal sizes.
So deviations in the facing brick of more than the following parameters are not allowed:
- the presence of chips at the corners that take more than 15 mm;
- cracks, any of which are a sign of deformation and soon failure;
- ribs that are beaten off by more than 3 mm in width and 15 mm in length.
Such material is scrapped; it is not considered suitable for building cladding. At the same time, a facing brick is considered within the normal range, where the dimensions can be any, for example, 250x60x65, but the deformation is less than the requirements described below:
- the corner is broken off the brick, but the area of the defect is no more than 15 mm, while such deformation can be observed only at one of the corners;
- in total, the length should not lose more than 40 mm;
- in case of deformation of the ribs, the broken edges should not exceed: for a depth of more than 30 mm, and for a length of more than 15 mm.
You can evaluate various photos in which the design of the facades is made of high-quality bricks, while the marriage will be worse, the aesthetic appearance is much less attractive, and the integrity of the structure does not meet the standards.
Facade
The architecture of houses is practically unlimited in the choice of texture, shape and color.
Yellow
The texture of the brick, as well as its visual effect, are varied, while this does not damage the strength of the structure.