All about cement-sand mixtures: composition, purpose, properties, advantages and disadvantages

In what proportion to dilute cement

Filler scheme for concrete mix.

Depending on the volume of water used in the mixture, they are usually distinguished:

• fatty;
• skinny;
• normal solutions.

The proportions of cement directly depend on the amount of water used. Fatty cement, as the name implies, has a small amount of water. This forces the mixture to set quickly, but at the same time such a consistency gives cracking, which reduces the durability of the structure.

A normal solution has an average time of solidification. Ideal proportions of cement mortar guarantee reliability and durability. When fully cured, it does not crack along the surface.

In a lean solution, the amount of water is significantly increased. It will set for a very long time, and the reliability of this mixture is low.

Water is usually used ½ to the volume of cement. This is an approximate characteristic. Mixing the solution should be carried out gradually, adding water in small portions. Only after completely mixing all the components, without lumps and residues of cement and sand at the edges, should the consistency be assessed. The difference in case of deviation from the norm is the extra or not added 1.5-2.5% of water. The strength and durability of the structure directly depend on the observance of the technology.

Concrete mixture preparation scheme.

The grade of the solution required for the work is defined as the marking of the cement divided by the quantitative volume of sand used. For example, having cement grade M300 and using 3 buckets of sand (ratio 1: 3), we will prepare a solution grade M100. For convenience, you can use the formula: cement marking / volume of sand in buckets = mortar marking. Thus, the M100 grade solution can be prepared from any cement; for the M500 grade, it is necessary to increase the volume of sand buckets to 5 (ratio 1: 5).

During construction, the basis is made up of cement mortars of grades from 15 to 150. This indicator indicates the ultimate strength at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. The maximum hardness occurs after a month from the date of work.

Another indicator is the mobility of the solution. The upper limit is determined at 15, the lower at 4. The check can be carried out with a cone immersed in the solution. For example, for plastering work, the mortar should be more mobile. This will allow it to be applied evenly and avoid further cracking.

For bricks marked M100, a mortar with the same indicator is required. This will make the wall almost solid. But there are also exceptions. Some types of facade bricks are marked M350, preparing the same solution will be wasteful and financially costly. For such masonry, it will be enough to use the M115 solution. It is resistant to weather conditions: wind and precipitation. Of course, when cooking, you must strictly follow the technology.

When plastering, it is better to use fine-grained sand. In this case, the brand of solution must be used M100. To prepare a mixture of cement M400 requires 4 buckets of sand... If the cement is M300, then 3.

For masonry, larger sand is used, and the marking of the solution will be M150. When using M300 cement, 2 buckets of sand are added.

Filler ratio

The main measure is the proportion of the binder. Depending on the purpose of the composition, the following proportions of the introduced components are used:

1. For the preparation of plaster: 1: 3, the W / C ratio does not exceed 1, it is recommended to dilute the composition in portions. When working indoors, the minimum cement strength grade is M150, for front ones - M300.To give the plaster plasticity, it is allowed to introduce lime (no more than 50% of the proportion of sand).

2. When mixing masonry mortar: 1: 4, binder strength grade - not lower than M300. Lime is introduced exclusively in slaked form and not more than 0.3 of the cement share. The ideal W / C ratio is within 0.5, 50 g of liquid soap is added to give plasticity. Masonry compounds are prepared in a strict sequence: first, water is introduced into a container or concrete mixer, then fillers.

3. For foundation works: 1: 2: 4 (cement, sand, crushed stone, respectively), the proportion of water is taken equal to the volume of the binder. Used Portland cement from M400 and coarse-grained filler from hard rocks, mixing is carried out in a concrete mixer.

4. When pouring a concrete floor screed, it is necessary to dilute high grade cement with sand, in a ratio of 1: 3, with a W / C ratio of 0.5. The composition should reach behind the trowel and fill small voids, it is better to knead it forcibly.

5. When the floors are ironed, a mixture of cement and sand is prepared in a 1: 1 ratio. Liquid glass or lime should be diluted in advance in water, with a ratio of no more than 0.1 to the proportion of the binder.

When preparing concretes and compositions with various fillers, cement is introduced into the solution without mixing with sand, in all other cases it is advisable to sift them together. In addition to filling clearly measured proportions, the correctness of the proportions is determined by the brand of the binder (not lower than the required one, in case of doubt about the quality or freshness, its consumption is increased), the purity and dryness of the sand, the strength and flakiness of crushed stone (for concrete). The most difficult thing is to choose the water-cement ratio, it is recommended to first use 85% water, then gradually introduce the remainder.

The question often arises: how to dilute the cement with liquid soap. This additive is very popular in private construction, it is the cheapest plasticizer. But an excess of foam is harmful, it is better to wait 3-4 minutes for it to shrink and only then introduce the cement-sand mixture (and in small portions). The kneading time increases by about 5 minutes. The total share of any impurities (including coloring minerals) should not exceed 10% by weight of the binder, otherwise the quality of the prepared solution is sharply reduced (the adhesive properties are leveled).

What mortar is needed for bricklaying

Correctly formulated masonry mortars must comply with the following standards:

1. Competent choice of recipe for mortar for masonry, proportions of sand and cement and volumes of raw materials.
2. The use of quality components.
3. Thorough preparation of materials.
4. Compliance with production technology.
5. Optimum plasticity of the mixture. This parameter contributes to the effective filling of recesses in masonry layers.
6. Curing time. Large volumes of mortar that harden quickly are unusable. To eliminate this phenomenon, you need to add lime to the composition.
7. Increased strength. When the mixture hardens, the strength characteristics of the cement layers will be increased, and the brick wall will become resistant to deformations and other negative factors.

To ensure the effective formation of solid CPL, it is necessary to correctly select the proportions of the solution. In the process of the reaction of the components with water, the strength indicators increase, and the binder component combines the building materials into an integral structure.

Regardless of the formulation used, the masonry mortar and the proportions of sand and cement must include the following ingredients:

1. Knitting part. In most cases, masonry cement is used, which begins to harden when interacting with the liquid, combining with the rest of the mortar.
2. Filler substance. Designed to improve the performance and increase the volume of the mixture.
3. Liquid. The water is used to react with the astringent part of the additive and aids in normal hydration.

The role of a substance with astringent properties can be played by the following types of raw materials:

1. Portland cement.
2. Lime.
3. Lime-cement mixture.

When figuring out which cement is best for laying bricks, it is necessary to take into account the type of tasks for which it will be used and the characteristics of the brand.

Cement mortar for Brickwork must also contain additional components, including:

1. Additives for increasing frost resistance. Their task is to prevent crystallization of the liquid under the influence of frost and to normalize hydration.
2. Plasticizing additives. They contribute to the workability of the working composition and facilitate its operation.
3. Hardeners. They improve the process of polymerization of binder additives and reduce the period of a set of strength indicators.
4. Dyes. With the help of colored pigments, you can change the range of materials and improve the aesthetic properties of the wall.

The final grade of the composition is determined by the proportions of sand and cement for brickwork. As the content of sand increases, the grade decreases, and as the proportion of cement increases, it increases. For mixing mortars, different brands of cement-sand mixture are used for brickwork, but the most common is M75. In this case, the proportions of cement and sand for brickwork are selected in a ratio of 1: 5: 0.8.

The masonry mortar can differ in a different ratio of ingredients. They are selected taking into account the purpose and scope of application.

Lime

For the construction of brick fences and wall structures, it is customary to use mortars for masonry with high ductility. Therefore, lime combined with sand is added to their composition. Dry additives are thoroughly mixed, and then filled with liquid. Then the ingredients are mixed again until a creamy consistency is formed without lumps and solid impurities.

The optimal proportions are chosen at the rate of 1 part of lime to 2-5 parts of sand.

Cement

Interested in how to prepare a mortar for laying bricks, the proportions of sand and cement must be chosen taking into account some requirements. Depending on the brand of the second component, the ratio of the ingredients is determined: for example, 1 part of cement can account for 3-6 parts of sand.

Cement-lime

The composition of the masonry mortar based on cement-Lime mix is ​​created from the following ingredients:

1. Slaked lime, diluted in water to a thick state. The lime mass is carefully filtered.
2. Dry cement for masonry and sand.

Each part is thoroughly mixed. The presence of lime in the composition of cement increases the plasticity of the mixture and allows it to be used with any kind of bricks.

Simple mix

A simple mixture is created on the basis of a binding agent and sand. Clay can be used as the first, but this option is in demand only for narrow-profile tasks.

Complex mix

Complex kneading is a formulation of various additives and an astringent base. These include cement-lime-clay and other solutions. The presence of clay in the composition contributes to easy and neat styling.

Mixing proportions

There is a classic version of the mixture, which is determined by the ratio of 1: 3 - 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand. Both components are first mixed dry with each other, and then water is added in portions to this mixture. All this is thoroughly mixed until a solution is formed, similar in consistency to thick sour cream. Be sure to give the finished mixture 15 minutes to thicken, and then mix again.

By the way, the cement-sand mortar “lives” no more than 1.5 hours. After which it begins to lose moisture and dries out. So a small batch is a justified decision.

For mixing the components, it is recommended to use a construction mixer or a drill with a special attachment. If you require a large amount of material, for example, for pouring a foundation, we recommend that the cooking process be carried out in a concrete mixer.

The main ingredients of the solution:

Cement is an astringent component. It must be in paper bags. It is recommended to buy it before starting construction processes. That is, it must be "fresh". Indeed, during long-term storage, this material cakes, which means it loses its qualities. Sand is a filler. There is one quality issue here. There should be no foreign materials in the sand. This is especially true for clay. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase river sand

The coarse fraction is not used for the preparation of plaster, although it works great in foundation solutions. Water is the basis, so it must be clean. The main requirement for it is the absence of acidic and oily impurities.

Features of choosing a brand of solution

Now you can move on to the proportions and deal with such an indicator as the brand of the solution:

• The masonry composition has the M100 brand. It is used in the construction of walls and protective structures made of bricks or blocks based on different materials. This will require M400 cement and sand, which are mixed in a 1: 4 ratio.
• To increase the strength of the masonry, you can take a solution of the M200 brand. To do this, you will have to reduce the amount of sand by 2 times.
• To level the floor bases, the M300 solution grade is used. To do this, you can use cement M400 or M500 with the addition of water and sand in a ratio of 1: 3: 0.5.
• For plastering the walls, use exactly the same mortar as above, only with a slight increase in the amount of cement. For example, it could be 1.2-1.5. Plaster solutions are often made with the addition of milk of lime. This reduces the strength of the material, but increases its plasticity. In this case, the ratio of cement-sand-milk will be 1: 5: 2.

Standard proportions

There are certain technological standards that regulate the ratio of the components of the building mixture. Here are three examples:

1. To prepare a solution for screed, use a ratio of 1: 2-1: 6. In this case, the amount of water is not indicated, but only the cement-sand ratio is indicated.
2. In low-rise construction, 1: 3 or 1: 4 solutions are most often used.
3. For structures under construction - from 1: 3 to 1: 6.

Why is water not specified in the standards? The fact is that it is easy to make a mistake with the volume of water. After all, the sand can be wet, and the degree of moisture cannot be determined at home. At the plant, however, this indicator is strictly controlled. What can you offer to those using handcrafted solutions? To do this, it is better to double the batch if the first one turned out to be liquid. Just add cement and sand to it according to the standard, but reduce the amount of water.

Today, facing tiles and stone are placed on ready-made adhesive mixtures, which greatly simplifies the process of preparing the composition. But since we are considering all cement-sand mortars, this masonry material should not be ignored. Let's just designate the proportions - 1: 2.4: 0.4. Here is such a non-standard ratio.

Basic rules for creating a high-quality solution

The basic rules used in the process of creating a quality mixture include:

• it is allowed to mix the components and fill them with water in a container made of metal or plastic;
• the size of the container depends on the volume of the solution that must be obtained in the end;
• dry components are initially mixed, namely sand and cement, and they must be sieved in advance through a fine sieve so that they are completely free of any large impurities and inclusions;
• then pure water is added to this mixture, and it is desirable that it be cold;
• while adding water, the mixture must be thoroughly mixed in order to obtain an optimal consistency, similar to sour cream;
• it is quite easy to determine the required density, since the mixture must adhere to the spatula, and at the same time it is impossible for it to drain from it.

Important! If dirty sand is used, then before use it is necessary to soak it in water, after which it is well mixed, the water is drained and the sand is dried. The resulting solution has optimal parameters within an hour and a half, so it is necessary to use it for its intended purpose during this time, and if this does not work out, then you will have to make a new mixture

The resulting solution has optimal parameters within an hour and a half, so it is necessary to use it for its intended purpose during this time, and if this does not work out, then you will have to make a new mixture.

Manufacturers

The modern building materials market offers a fairly large selection of various mixtures and powders for certain tasks. It is worth choosing products from trusted manufacturers who guarantee high quality components and their creation in accordance with technology.

"Monolith"

A large manufacturer that creates and sells cement-sand mixtures at a plant in Kirov. The assortment is large enough, it includes reliable and high-quality compounds of the M150 brand, well suited for plastering, grouting, and masonry indoors and outdoors.

Also, reliable compositions of the M300 brand are implemented, which are relevant for the production of reinforced concrete structures.

Knauf

A well-known brand supplying to the market high-quality cement and plaster mixes in several lines (Sivener, Adheziv, Grunband, Unterputz). All products are distinguished by excellent thermal insulation performance. Suitable for a full range of finishing works - indoor / outdoor. In most of the manufacturer's mixtures, components are added to the composition to increase the positive properties.

"Real"

The manufacturer's products are popular, supplying high-quality cement mixtures of the M75 and M150, M100 and M200 brands. The assortment allows you to choose what you need for finishing and repair works... Most dry mixes are supplemented with components to increase frost resistance, which expands the possibilities of working with them and allows them to be used both inside and outside.

Dauer

A German brand that offers inexpensive high-quality DSP for indoor facades and walls, screed pouring, block and brick installation.

The manufacturer's dry mixes are very popular, since they have a low consumption, an affordable price, which in general can significantly reduce the cost of work.

"BaltPiterStroy"

A large Russian company supplying cement-sand mortars of any brands to the market. Also among the products you can find other components - rubble, gravel, crushed stone, sand, cement in bags and a variety of reagents (anti-ice, for example).

"Stroyservice-Novablock"

Previously, the manufacturer's cement-sand compositions were presented on the market under the Plita Milks brand. In addition to dry mixes, the range of products includes high-strength sand-gravel mix of M300 grade. All compositions are of very good quality, as they are produced on modern factory equipment on an industrial scale.

Masonry mortars

Masonry mortar is a mixture of cement, water and sand used to connect structural elements of masonry, which can be of different sizes and configurations. Laying elements can mean bricks and stones, blocks, fittings, bookmark details and lintels. Initially plastic, the solution hardens and hardens over time.

Variety of shades

The time of such a transition is called its quality, and the observance of the necessary proportion provides the necessary connecting function. According to GOST, which regulates the composition of the building mixture and the optimal proportions of its manufacture, the composition of the solution is of several main types.

Types

The relationship between types is based on the main consumable, because other auxiliary components may be present in different proportions. Previously used varieties could contain natural ingredients, the cost of which was then much lower.

Private house options

Now in building supermarkets and markets you can buy ready-made masonry mortars, which include synthetic admixtures. The instructions for such mixtures usually indicate the composition of impurities and the intended purpose of the finished solution.

Depending on the type of the main binder, the following varieties are distinguished:

• gypsum laying mortar used in finishing works. It has the necessary qualities for this - strength and water resistance, in parallel with the speed and reliability of hardening;
• lime mixture. It may or may not contain an additive of cement, but such mixtures in any case are distinguished by guaranteed strength and durability, flexibility, plasticity and resistance to parasites, almost do not crack;
• cement - the most common of masonry, can be used for masonry and finishing works of floor screed, has reliability and durability, especially when used for laying bricks, creating the most stable type of brick structure;
• combined or mixed - universal, for certain building needs, consisting of variable components that provide additional qualities;
• clay, which is used extremely rarely, it used to be more common, and now it is used only for masonry of individual structures, where the natural resistance of the material to high temperatures is needed.

The use of plaster as a design and building material

Varieties

Sometimes cement-clay and cement-lime are distinguished into separate types, but a simpler division is the above, and the addition of cement is considered as creating a variety within a separate type. The existing GOST also implies another differentiation of masonry mortars. They are divided into the following types:

• special;
• universal;
• colored.

Proportions of cement-clay and cement-lime mixtures

The latter type helps to create a decorative effect, special mixtures are necessary for stove or chimney laying, the construction of impermeable tanks for storing toxic materials or their waste. Universal ones are easy to use for mono-component laying or in creating a structure where elements from different materials are present.

Compositions (recipes) of mortars for brickwork

The main secret of how to make a solution correctly is to observe the specified ratio of the main and additional components. The cooking recipe depends on the intended purpose. For laying the stove, mortar will be required in one version, in order to lay out a brick wall in another.

The composition of the cement mortar for masonry

The main ingredients of the cement mix:

• Portland cement;
• sand;
• water.

The percentage of the mortar for brickwork is determined by the brand of Portland cement used. The amount of sifted sand ranges from three to six buckets per bucket of cement. Mix the components thoroughly and then add water.

Cement mortar for brickwork

Main performance characteristics:

• increased safety margin;
• high level of reliability.

The disadvantages include:

• long hardening;
• inactivity;
• increased rigidity.

Which cement is best for mortar

The brand of cement used for mixing shows how many kilograms 1 cc of cement slurry can withstand.

At the moment, product classifications of the following series are widely used:

• 0-2 - rarely used.
• 4, 10, 25, 50, 75 are the most popular brands.
• 100, 150, 200 - used in the construction of specific structures.

The series is assigned after checking the hardening rate of the product and for compression.

The more cement is added, the better the astringent properties, but an excess of it is fraught with quick hardening of the solution.

The correct texture has a certain degree of mobility, which is important for construction processes. The value of mobility is determined by the method of practical research

A special cone is immersed in a product of recent preparation, if the element sinks far into the depths - the mixture has an increased degree of mobility, but the less immersion, the worse the elasticity of the components. It is advisable to carry out such an experiment every time a new batch is mixed.

VIDEO: Preparation of a solution for brickwork

Composition and table of proportions of sand and cement

The proportions of mortar for brickwork can be calculated based on the following criteria:

• how many floors are planned to be built in the building;
• the purpose of the structure being produced;
• type of soil on which the house will be built, etc.

If you need to build a one-story cottage, then you can use a limestone type product, which is lightweight and has a high degree of adhesion. The most optimal ratio is considered to be 4: 1.

The cement mixture is needed for the construction of walls, the thickness of which does not exceed 250 mm. When mixing, components such as sand and cement are added in proportions of 3-6: 1. The amount of the first element depends on the purpose of the building being erected and the manufacturer of the cement mixture.

For buildings built of refractory building material, which is subsequently expected to be intensively exposed to an increased temperature regime, a special binder is used, consisting of sand, clay, a refractory component, and chamotte powder. Often used for the construction of fireplaces or stoves.

In what proportions should the cement be diluted?

The correct proportions can vary considerably for different mixtures. Therefore, before mixing, it is necessary to decide for what purposes a particular solution will be used.

Important! The consistency of the solution changes from the proportions of the components. The most popular mortars that require cement are:

The most popular mortars that require cement are:

Mix for plastering walls. For its preparation, it is recommended to use 1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand. The volume of water is usually equal to part of the cement, but it cannot be added immediately, so it is poured into the dry mixture in small portions to obtain the desired consistency. If you need to carry out internal plastering work, then the M150 or M200 brands are chosen, and if you plan to plaster the facade, then the M300 brand will do.

Mortar for brickwork. It uses 1 part cement and 4 parts sand. The optimal brands for these works are M300 and M400. Often, slaked lime is added to such a mixture, which acts as an astringent component. Its amount is calculated as 0.2 parts per 1 part of cement. Due to this substance, a plastic solution is obtained, which is quite easy and convenient to work with. The amount of water may differ, since it is added gradually until a solution of the desired density is obtained.

It is important to make a mixture that will not drain from the trowel tilted at a 40 degree angle.

A mixture designed to create a floor screed. Usually proportions are used for it: 1 part of cement to three parts of sand. The M400 brand is considered optimal. Water is added in the amount of ½ of the amount of cement

To make a thin mortar, it is recommended to gradually add water, as it is important that the mixture stretches well to ensure that all voids in the substrate are filled. Concrete

To create concrete, use 1 part cement, 2 parts sand and 4 parts gravel

Concrete. To create concrete, use 1 part cement, 2 parts sand and 4 parts gravel

If this solution is made to form the foundation of the structure, then it is necessary to purchase material of the M500 brand. The amount of water is equal to ½ of the part of the cement. The water must be clean and potable, and it is recommended to stir the composition with a concrete mixer (how to choose a concrete mixer for home and summer cottages). You must use the entire solution within an hour after receiving it.

Important! If you want to get a mixture, the amount of which will be enough to form the foundation of the structure, then you will need quite a lot of it, for which special equipment is used, represented by a concrete mixer. Often, ready-made solutions are purchased at the factory, and in this case, you need to make sure that the mixture is created immediately before shipment to the customer.

Before buying, all documents for the mixture are studied in order to know what components it consists of, as well as what parameters it has

Often, ready-made solutions are purchased at the factory, and in this case, you need to make sure that the mixture is created immediately before shipping to the customer. Before buying, all documents for the mixture are studied in order to know what components it consists of, as well as what parameters it has.

The correct grades of material must be selected to form the various solutions. If the mixture is intended to create brickwork, then you can use the M50 or M100 brands, and if you want to make a foundation, then it is advisable to choose brands from M300 to M500. The higher the grade of the material, the more durable and reliable the solution will be.

Mixing the components of the solution

When a cement screed is mixed, the proportions must be observed, but you should not forget about the process technology:

• for a start, dry components are combined: cement, sand, fiber. The optimal mixture implies the use of 400 grade cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 3. At the same time, fiber is added, as already mentioned, 1 gram for every kilogram of cement. Thus, 50 kilograms of cement requires 150 kilograms of sand and 50 grams of fiber;
• it is worth separately preparing containers for the preparation of plasticizers before they are included in the solution. As for plasticizers, regardless of the selected proportion of concrete for screed, they are added approximately 3.8 grams per kilogram of cement. Water must be added 3 times less than cement is used. Thus, the ratio chosen earlier will have 190 grams of plasticizer and 5.6 liters of water, of which 0.6 grams interacts directly with plasticizers;
• further actions are standard: a dry mixture is added to the liquid part and mixed evenly until a homogeneous composition without lumps is obtained. When working, it is better to use a special construction mixer or a drill with a special attachment, which will allow you to achieve the most correct consistency of the solution.

"Grandfather's method" or the current SNiP?

Experience is a good thing, but building codes should not be forgotten either. They take into account all the factors accompanying the preparation of mortars and concrete (purity, size, moisture content of sand and gravel, cement activity and water quality).

Therefore, when preparing for work on pouring the foundation, screed or laying walls, do not be lazy to look at the gost tables. You only need one or two lines in them. They clearly describe what should be the consumption of cement per cube of mortar to obtain the required strength (grade).

Here is a simple "extract" from SNiP, which will help prepare a high-quality mortar for masonry and screed. After reading it, remember that the given consumption rates differ slightly from the practical values.

The reason is that they are derived from standard cooking conditions (air temperature + 23C, sand of medium grain size, perfectly clean, its moisture content is no more than 7%, etc.). It is not realistic to provide the standard parameters for batching at a construction site, therefore it is better to purchase cement with a small margin (10-15%).

The answer to the question of how much cement and sand is needed per cube of concrete will be given by the following standards:

When making concrete, it is important to know not only the amount of cement, but also the standard volume of sand and gravel. For calculations, the following table will be useful

Volume proportions for different grades of concrete

The required consumption of sand per 1m3 of the solution is 1 cubic meter. Some developers are mistaken in believing that the volume of cement increases the volume of the finished mixture. This is not true. The cement has a very fine grinding, therefore it is distributed in the voids between the sand, without increasing the total volume of concrete and mortar. Therefore, for 1m3 of sand, we can add 200 and 400 kg of cement, getting the same 1 cubic meter of mortar.

Water is added to the mixture in a simple proportion - half of the total weight (not volume!) Of the cement. In this case, you need to take into account the actual moisture content of the sand and pour water in small portions so that the mortar or concrete does not turn out to be too liquid.

The consistency of the mortar according to the standards is determined by the amount of sediment of a standard metal cone dipped into the mixture. At a construction site, you are unlikely to be able to carry out such a test. Therefore, just remember that the density of the masonry mortar should be such that it is not too hard, but rather plastic and does not flow out of the seams. For a screed, mortar and concrete should be of medium density so that they can be easily compacted and leveled with a rule.

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Service classification

• Mixture for air-dry operating conditions. Most often, in this case, solutions are used on a lime binder, they have high plasticity and adhere well to brick. Lime mixtures harden for a long time, releasing water in the process, which creates some inconvenience during construction work.
• For wet operating conditions. The binder is Portland slag cement or protland cement. They do not allow moisture to pass through, therefore they are used in underground parts of structures. You can mix cement mortars with lime mortars, then they will have high strength and plasticity, frost resistance and workability, suitable for the construction of aboveground and underground parts of the building.

Classification by the type of binder included in the composition

• Gypsum masonry mortar. It sets and hardens quickly, it is an environmentally friendly composition. It has low strength and moisture resistance. It is mainly used for finishing works and in the process of creating decorative elements.
• Lime masonry mortar. It is used for laying bricks, blocks and natural stone. The mixture is easy to fit, it is strong, durable, plastic. During operation, the mortar does not crack.
• Cement mortar. It is used more often than other solutions in the process of masonry work, it can also be used as a floor screed and when plastering rooms. Unlike concrete, cement masonry mortar contains crushed stone of smaller fractions.
• Mixed mortar. Contains combinations of the above materials.

Application classification

• Universal solution. It is used in brick, masonry and building blocks.
• Special. Serve for the construction of stoves, chimneys, any tanks.
• Color. It acts not only as a connecting material, but also as a finishing material.