White sand-lime brick: size, weight, gost, pros and cons, all important characteristics

How many bricks are in 1 m2 of masonry: necessary parameters, options for calculating the required amount

It is possible to determine how many bricks are in 1 m² of masonry under certain conditions, on which the desired figure depends.

Therefore, before tackling the calculations, you should decide on the design features of the barrier being erected. The calculation itself will not cause any particular difficulties.

The number of bricks in 1 m² of masonry walls and partitions is the basis for determining the need for ceramite for the entire volume of construction.

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When it comes time to plan the procurement of materials for the construction of summer cottages, their characteristics are usually already known: if it is a ceramite fence or an internal partition of a room, the masonry will be half a brick, a household shed is made thick as a whole block, and for the outer wall of a residential building no less than in one and a half ceramite. Depending on the purpose, the following main types of the main element of the masonry are distinguished:

1. Red brick is the most durable, it is used in the construction of load-bearing structures and in terms of volume it can be single, one and a half, double.
2. White silicate block is used for non-critical structures: internal partitions and gazebos, to give the facade an attractive look. This kind in the form of a double volume is not released.
3. Facing ceramite is used to decorate individual structures of architectural objects, and can be single in size with deviations in one direction or another.

To determine how many bricks are in 1 m² of masonry, one must take into account the factors that affect the desired result: the first is the thickness of the walls. It was mentioned above, measured by the length of standard ceramite: ½ part, in a whole block, one and a half, two or more bricks.

The thickness of the mortar joints between the individual elements in the masonry is the third condition for the successful solution of the problem. In the full volume of the wall, approximately one fourth of the gaps are accounted for.

Dimensions of bricks and gaps

There is a state standard - GOST 530–2012 Ceramic bricks and stones, where the nominal dimensions of products and their designations are given. Ceramites are in the greatest demand:

The inter-brick space is filled with cement mortar, the average joint size is taken as 1 cm.Standards for the thickness of brickwork, taking into account the filling of the gaps:

Calculation of the number of ceramites

Obviously, in one square meter of masonry of 1.5 bricks, the number of elements will be greater than with a wall thickness of one length of ceramite.

Therefore, several calculations are performed if the structure will include partitions with different characteristics, including the shape of individual blocks.

For example, you can calculate how many one and a half bricks in 1 m² of masonry in one ceramite. Sequencing:

1. The size of the one-and-a-half element is fixed - 250x120x88 and the wall thickness - 250 mm.
2. Along the length of one meter, taking into account the filling of the seams, (1000/260) * 2 = 7.69 pieces are placed.
3. The number of blocks in height is 1000/98 = 10.20. Here it is not multiplied by 2 - this was taken into account by the previous action.
4. The desired result is 7.69 * 10.20 = 78 pcs.

Alternative way

It is based on determining the surface area of ​​a single masonry element and further shifting towards establishing the quantity depending on the wall thickness. The initial data remains the same as in the previous calculation. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. The area of ​​the lateral surface of one element is determined as 0.26 * 0.098 = 0.02548 m².
2. For a half-brick wall, the number of blocks will be 1 / 0.02548 = 39 pieces.
3. The required value according to the condition of the problem - the number of ceramites in 1 m² of brickwork with a thickness of brick will be 39 * 2 = 78 pcs.

As you can see from the result, both methods gave the same answer. To simplify the use of data when determining the need for the purchase of materials, special tables are compiled, in which quantitative indicators are summarized for all options for ceramite masonry.

Table for determining the number of blocks in 1 m² of partitions

Using the table is simple: choose a value suitable for the conditions of the brickwork and multiply by the calculated area of ​​the walls to be built with a given thickness. When determining the volume of the purchase, it is necessary to take into account that the amount of scrap in the purchased ceramite reaches 5% of the total number of bricks.

Basic elements and colors of the material

According to GOST, introduced in 2007, product planes have the names:

The name of the sides of the brick.

• bed;
• spoons;
• jab.

The bed is a plane with dimensions of 250x120 mm (image No. 1). The spoon has dimensions of 250x65 mm. The length of the butt is 120, its width is 65 mm. The material itself has been used since ancient times. Technology has improved over time. This led to the emergence of new varieties of material. But its dimensions remained unchanged. Knowing them, you can calculate the number of items in the masonry.

The requirements for the construction of buildings were constantly growing, which led to the creation of new materials. The size of an ordinary brick 250x120x65 mm today has a European marking - RF, although the eurobrick has slightly different dimensions - 250x85x65. The most popular bricks in Europe are marked with NF (normal). These are blocks of 240x115x71 mm. There is a material of 240x115x52 mm. It is marked DF (thin). Blocks of 200x100x50 mm are in less demand. On the modern market, you can buy blocks 50 cm long.

Image 1. The size of a single brick.

The density of the brick depends on whether it is solid or slotted (hollow). The weight of the finished product also depends on this indicator. A solid building block may have some defects:

• chips of a long rib (1 or 2 pieces) with a size not exceeding 1.5 cm;
• curvature of edges or edges up to 3 mm;
• spoons can have a crack along the block width up to 3 cm.

Hollow brick (image No. 2) may also have some tolerances:

• up to 2 bumps, the length of which can reach 1.5 cm if they do not reach the internal cavities;
• cracks in the bed, which can extend to voids;
• 1 crack on the spoon and on the poke.

According to the architectural concept, it is sometimes required to use standard sizes of bricks of different colors. The construction market offers to purchase materials of many shades and textures: this is artificially aged stone, texture options, variegated brick (image No. 3).

Image 2. Types of semi-wall bricks.

One-and-a-half and double-sized stones are usually produced in a hollow version. Internal cavities reduce the density of the brick. Its mass is significantly reduced. The weight of the entire structure is also reduced.

The type of material for manufacturing allows you to divide finished products into types:

• ceramic (red);
• silicate (white);
• clinker;
• fireclay;
• facing.

Ceramic building material is obtained after firing pressed clay briquettes. Such material is used in the construction of walls and foundations, partitions and fences, when laying household stoves. Block grades can be from 75 to 300. These numbers indicate the pressure that 1 cm² of material can withstand in kilograms. Density of 1 m³ (480 pieces) - 1700 kg.

Image 3. Variety of bricks.

The base of the white block is silicates. They are softer and lighter than ceramics. But the strength of such a product is lower than the red analogue. The block consists of sand, which occupies 90% of the total mass and lime (10%).By adding a small amount of coloring pigments, a colored material is made. It is used for the construction of partitions and entire walls, when facing buildings. Its use is not recommended for laying foundations and plinths. White brick is not suitable for laying stoves and fireplaces.

Clinker bricks are distinguished by their high strength and low water absorption. It is an excellent decorative material that is not afraid of temperature extremes and precipitation.

Fireclay brick belongs to refractory varieties. In everyday life, the material of the Sh brand is used. These are:

• Ш-5 with dimensions 230х114х65;
• Sh-6 - 230x115x40;
• Ш-8 - 250х124х65.

The facing block is smooth, chopped and imitating a wild stone. Its dimensions in millimeters:

• 290x140x85;
• 250x120x88;
• 250x80x65;
• 250x60x65;
• 250x120x65.

Products for facing works can also be wedge-shaped. They are used for laying vaults and arches. Their curvature is different. Ш-22 - wedge block with dimensions 230х114х65 / 55 mm. The front wedge of the Sh-45 brand has dimensions of 230x114x65 / 45 mm.

Clinker brick

Clinker brick is another special type of ceramic brick. In its manufacture, a special type of clay is used - refractory shale. The formed blocks are fired at a very high temperature of 1200 ° C. As a result of such processing, the clay acquires the properties of a ceramic, the color - from dark red to deep brown.

Clinker bricks have very high strength and abrasion resistance. You can pave roads from it, decorate a porch. And they will serve for centuries. The clinker surface is smooth, smooth and shiny. That allows it to be used as a finishing brick - for facades, masonry pillars, etc.

Types and sizes of clinker bricks from one of the firms

The shape and size of clinker bricks can be very different - there are a lot of them, since there are not only standard ones - in the form of a parallelepiped, but also with beveled at different angles, rounded edges.

Specifications

Silicate brick has certain technical characteristics that are no less important than dimensional parameters. They should also be kept in mind when choosing this material. The main characteristics of silicate are:

• strength level of 150 kgf / cm2;
• the degree of moisture absorption - 9.4%;
• average weight - 3.2 kg;
• resistance to frost and low temperatures - 35;
• density level from 1600 to 1900 kg / m. cub.;
• the percentage of moisture in these materials is 4;
• release moisture - 20%;
• thermal conductivity coefficient under operating conditions - 0.85;
• frost resistance level - from F25 to F35.

A bit of history

Brick is one of the oldest building materials. He can only compete with wood and stone, which exist in nature in a finished form. Now, during excavations of settlements that are about 10-15 thousand years old, they find the remains of walls built precisely of brick. True, we are talking about red clay brick, but white silicate brick appeared later.

In those days, the brick very slightly resembled its modern counterpart, but gradually they began to bake the clay in the oven and in the sun, but the accuracy and correctness of the dimensions left much to be desired. This building material was especially popular in Greece, where whole buildings were erected from it or combined with marble. Then bricks with a size of 600 * 300 * 30 and 600 * 300 * 90 mm were common. The richest people could afford to order bricks, even with a certain pattern, covered with glaze, and build a three-story house out of this material.

But with the onset of the Middle Ages, many of the achievements of antiquity were forgotten, incl. and brick production technology. The craftsmen remained only in Byzantium, but then, after its collapse, they began to develop technology already on the territory of European states. Gradually, there brick replaces wood and natural stone, whole cities, churches, and the first industrial buildings are erected from it. Ceramic brick at that time already had clear dimensions. So, products with parameters 150 * 70 * 35 mm were used, there was a special monastic type with a size of 280 * 130 * 70 mm, which was used for the construction of religious buildings. Larger bricks were 280 * 130 * 80 mm in size and were named after Martin Luther.

Brick factories at that time began to appear on the territory of many European countries, as well as in Russia. Each plant had its own approach, its own rules, each produced a brick of a certain size, with its own brand. Attempts to somehow standardize the size of bricks and bring them to a single sample were one of the first to be undertaken by Peter I, under whom it was believed that the most optimal would be products with dimensions of 280 * 140 * 70 mm. This was a real breakthrough in terms of quality: now all the bricks were the same, the number of dishonest manufacturers decreased, and factories could not cheat and sell smaller pieces one by one to save material.

Despite the wide popularity of ceramic bricks, the wide pace of construction required an easier and faster production method.

This is how the silicate brick appeared, when people began to pay attention to the pyramids built of limestone. They were durable, reliable, kept their original appearance, and then they decided to start using lime in the construction of buildings.

At first, they tried to make whole houses at once, then separate walls, but only at the end of the 19th century, for the first time, it was possible to make silicate bricks. The method of production has hardly changed today: then the brick was first pressed, then sent for autoclaving. It was in Russia that the first factories for its production appeared, and already in 1927 a standard for the size of a brick was introduced and then it regulated the dimensions at this level of 250 * 120 * 65 mm. By the way, these parameters are included in the basis of the modern GOST, which sets the dimensions of bricks.

Since then, sand-lime brick has become one of the most popular building materials. It owes such a wide distribution to its main advantages: low price, ease of production and economy, since walls made of silicate bricks can be thinner than walls made of ceramic, but at the same time they are not inferior to them in frost resistance, sound insulation and other indicators. In addition, sand-lime brick has a pleasant appearance, it can be dyed in bulk and given any shade that will hold firmly.

Dimensions of facing bricks

Any of the listed materials can be faced with slag-filling and shield walls, frame and foam concrete. Facing bricks come in sizes:

Standard sizes of facing bricks.

• single;
• one and a half brick;
• double;
• non-standard.

All sizes are stipulated by GOST. Each batch of products is accompanied by certification documents. The most common size of facing bricks: standard - 250x120x65 mm. It is also called single. This and the following dimensions are approved by GOST from 1927 and remain unchanged to this day. Dimensions of facing one-and-a-half brick 250x120x88 mm. The double format is always 250x120x138 mm. The size of the red brick is equal to the parameters of the yellow product. By special order, manufacturers can mold other sizes of the building block. Of the non-standard sizes, 0.7 NF is widespread. This is a brand of yellow and red products, brick size 250x85x65 mm. The material is used for the restoration of old buildings.

Often, hyper-pressed facing bricks with dimensions of 250x60x65 and 250x90x65 mm are used for cladding. But its main dimensions are 250x120x65 mm. A product of yellow or any other color with a weight of 6 kg and a size of 188x88x63 mm can be used. Rarely, but there are products of the "American". They differ significantly from our standards. Their dimensions are 250x60x65 or 230x60x65 mm. Standard sizes make it possible to ideally use any brand of facing bricks in one masonry, performing bandaging of rows. Their weight allows the bricklayer to take products by hand without any problems.

The age of the brick, isn't it time for him to retire?

Of the large assortment of building materials, only wood or stones compete with briquettes.The first records of the use of briquettes can be found in many ancient scriptures in Asia. Archaeologists also found briquettes during excavations in ancient Mesopotamia and China. Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Byzantine builders used this material extensively. So, according to the very minimum estimates, its age exceeds 10 thousand years.

The first attempts to establish a standard size for briquettes date back to ancient times by archaeologists. In Russia, this step was taken by the last Tsar of All Russia and the first Emperor of All Russia. With him, the briquette, the dimensions of which were 280 * 140 * 70 mm, became the most relevant. At that time, the process was controlled by special measures that each master had. This managed to achieve albeit minimal unification.

Some of the brick walls are thousands of years old!

During the production of briquettes, a stamp was affixed as a certificate of full compliance with the established standards. This policy drew a flurry of criticism from the craftsmen, because the latter were eager to retail, trying to reduce the established sizes to save materials.

The tendencies for the installation of the specified sizes of briquettes were traced until the beginning of the 20th century, not only in the CIS countries, but also in all European countries. Manufacturers were eager to follow the established norms, because the contradictions not only made it difficult to install the minimum dimensions, but also stood out overweight, which negatively affected the sustainability of buildings. At the same time, European countries began to use briquettes of different sizes, which gave the structures a certain charm and originality. This can explain the diverse range of materials presented below.

Pros and cons of ceramic bricks

The advantages of ceramics include naturalness, harmlessness. If we compare ceramics and silicate, then clay products win a little in terms of thermal conductivity. If you look at the indicators, then the difference is very small. But a ceramic house is much warmer than a silicate one. The point is in the higher heat capacity. Clay can store more heat and is therefore warmer at home.

Ceramics are inferior to silicate in sound insulation properties, as well as in geometry and stability of characteristics. This is its main disadvantage. Moreover, at a high price, often efflorescence, with which it is very, very difficult to fight. Another drawback is that even the front surface is rarely even.

Ceramic brick is a traditional material for building houses, which is more than one hundred years old.

All these shortcomings are understandable. Ceramic bricks are obtained by firing pre-shaped parallelepipeds from clay mortar. Clay is a natural material that has various properties. The different properties of different types of clay are the main reason that the size of ceramic bricks does not differ in stability. Moreover, a significant spread can be within the same batch. And from party to party, in general, there may be significant differences. The different characteristics of the feedstock also cause a wide variation in the characteristics of the finished product. Such as strength and density.

Service life - reality is not happy

In many respects, ceramics should be better than the same silicate, but the reality turns out to be different. Recently, too often there is a red ceramic brick crumbling, dilapidated after several years of operation under normal conditions. The reasons are the complexity of the technology. For a good result, careful processing and preparation of the clay is required in order to exclude lime inclusions, which are the reasons for "shooting". And this is additional time in an already not short production cycle. And extra energy. And expensive equipment, which is not bought by everyone.

Not the best picture

The second point: holding the temperature regime of firing.Burnt ceramic bricks behave normally in masonry. It only looks worse, as it is darker than the "norm". It's not so scary. But the unburned one collapses, crumbles. And this is why he is dangerous. Ceramics are fired in the furnace for a long time, and so it takes a little to reduce the time in order to increase productivity. Hence the underburning. Or fuel economy, which is far from cheap. So compliance with the technology for the production of ceramic bricks is a high price for products. And expensive bricks are bought very reluctantly. So the collapsed red brick most likely had a low price. And everyone knows that cheap is very rare. Nevertheless, the budget for a construction site is usually not a rubber one and you have to save money.

In terms of thermal conductivity and some other parameters, ceramic bricks should be better

No matter how complex the production technology is, European supplies have a geometry close to ideal, and the dimensions are standard, and the quality is stable. Their price is far from budget, but quality problems are rare. So if the funds allow, they try to buy imported bricks. Domestic clay, even expensive, still cannot boast of stability of quality. That is why, although ceramics should be better in many respects, more and more often the choice is made in favor of silicate. Because for quite reasonable money you can buy good quality building material. He is chosen even though he is much colder. All the same, in order to achieve the required level of energy efficiency, it is necessary to insulate the ceramics too.

Weight and dimensions of a white silicate bar according to the state standard

A silicate-based bar is produced in a rectangular shape according to established, defined shapes and dimensions. The classic dimensions of the white silicate bar are regulated by the state standard. Even minimal deviations are prohibited at any of the production stages. This concerns the shape of the material itself. The size and weight of the bars may vary depending on the type and its purpose.

The dimensions of white bricks vary dramatically

According to the technical rules approved in the state order, there are 7 classes of bars. Hollow - characterized by lower weight and pricing when compared with dense material of the same class. The dimensions of white sand-lime bricks, one-and-a-half or thick-bodied bricks, are 250 * 120 * 88 mm. Approximate weight - up to 5 kg. They are in demand, and bars of 250 * 120 * 138 mm in size have found their widespread use. They are called double and weigh up to 8 kg on average.

Video - Silicate brick: its pros and cons

In the field of industrial construction of objects, it is customary to pay attention not to the volume of a separate bar, but to the total specific gravity of a cubic meter of full-fledged laying. It even takes into account the emulsion for bonding parts and the solution.

Due to this, it is possible to calculate the total load on the structure base and make important adjustments at any stage of the construction.

It is important to pay attention to the type of bar used, its dimensions, the presence of voids and the thickness of the adhesive emulsion. The specific gravity of a cubic meter ranges from 670 - 2100 kilograms