GOST 7372-79. steel wire rope. technical conditions (as amended n 1-4)

Areas of use

Long-length aluminum thread is widely used by people in various fields of their activity. It is a worthy option for manual, arc, argon and automatic welding. The seam formed after welding is able to protect the part from corrosion and deformation. Despite its light weight, this product is characterized by excellent durability, therefore it is often used in construction, as well as in the manufacture of ships, cars, aircraft.

Aluminum wire is a versatile material for fasteners. It is in demand in the manufacture of furniture, as well as such important products as springs, mesh, fittings, rivets. Hire has found its application in electrical engineering, antennas, electrodes, electrical transmission lines, communications are made from it. In addition, aluminum wire is indispensable in the food industry.

Various hardware is made from this rolled metal, even a drill, a spring and an electrode have this metal in their composition. This universal thread is indispensable in the production of parts for the chemical industry and high-tech devices. Wire is needed in the production of decorative items, jewelry and souvenirs. Aluminum wire weaving is considered a modern art form.

Selecting Mode Options

Welding is carried out on direct current of reverse polarity. The shielding gas is apgon or helium and their mixtures. Degrease the edges immediately before welding.

The diameter of the burner nozzles is chosen to be at least 18-22 mm.

The arc length should be 2-6 mm, and the welding current should be greater than with manual W-arc TIG welding. Welding is performed in one pass with double-sided seams.

The welding process can be: pulse-arc (IDS), jet (STR) or short-circuit arc (SC).

Approximate modes

Marking

During the production of the wire, the manufacturer uses both pure material and its alloys. This process is strictly regulated by GOST 14838-78. The welding type of the wire is made in accordance with GOST 7871-75. The following alloys are used in production: AMg6, AMg5, AMg3, AK5 and AMts. According to GOST 14838-78, cold heading wire (AD1 and B65) is being manufactured.

It is customary to refer to wrought alloys AMts, AMG5, AMG3, AMG6, they have anti-corrosion resistance, and also perfectly weld and lend themselves to all kinds of processing. According to GOSTs, aluminum wire is designated as follows:

• AT - solid;
• APT - semi-solid;
• AM - soft;
• ATp with increased strength.

Aluminum wire can be called a versatile multifunctional material that is used almost everywhere. When buying a quality product that is produced in accordance with GOST, the consumer can ensure a high quality of work.

The following video shows the production of aluminum wire.

Preparation for welding

Cutting and preparation of edges of parts made of aluminum and its alloys should be carried out by mechanical methods.

Butt joint of metal of different thickness

Edge preparation structural elements (dimensions in mm)

Structural elements of the preparation of edges in welding with through penetration and weld formation by weight

When welding in one pass, a root notch may occur

When chamfering from the back side of the abutting edges, the notch does not occur.You can use a file for chamfering

The surfaces to be welded are thoroughly cleaned of grease, degreased with acetone, white spirit or other solvent at a width of 100-150 mm from the edges.

The aluminum oxide film is removed mechanically or by chemical etching.

When machining (immediately before welding), the edges are cleaned to a width of 25-30 mm with abrasive paper, a scraper or a brush made of stainless wire with a diameter of not more than 0.15 mm.

Chemical etching is carried out for 0.5-1 min in a solution consisting of 50 g of sodium hydroxide and 45 g of sodium fluoride per 1 liter of water. After etching, the surface is washed with running water and then clarified in a 30-35% solution of nitric acid (for aluminum and alloys of the AMts type) or in a 25% solution of orthophosphoric acid (for alloys such as AMg and B95). After repeated washing, the surface is dried until the moisture has completely evaporated.

Aluminum welding wire is also processed before welding. First, it is degreased and then etched in a 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 5-10 minutes at 60-70 ° C. followed by rinsing in cold water and drying at 300 ° C for 10-30 minutes.

Materials prepared for welding retain their properties for 3-4 days. Later, an oxide film re-forms on the surface.

Parts made of aluminum and its alloys are assembled in fixtures or on tacks made by argon-arc welding with a W-electrode. The distance between the tacks should be no more than 150-180 mm.

The surfaces of the tacks are cleaned with metal brushes immediately before welding. Defective tack welds found are removed and the joints re-tacked. When welding, the tacks are completely remelted.

Basic properties

Aluminum wire is an elongated solid type profile that has a small length to cross-sectional area ratio. This metal product has the following characteristics:

• light weight;
• flexibility;
• strength;
• resistance to moisture;
• wear resistance;
• durability;
• weakness of magnetic properties;
• biological inertness;
• melting point 660 degrees Celsius.

Aluminum wire, which is made in accordance with GOST, has a lot of advantages when compared with other similar products. The material is versatile and resistant to corrosion, so it is often used in cases where contact with water is inevitable. Aluminum lends itself well to processing and is completely safe for human health. The wire usually meets the requirements of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

Melting of this rolled metal occurs without any difficulties. Upon contact with air, an oxide film appears on the wire, due to which the product does not rust or deteriorate over the years. The properties of aluminum wire are directly influenced by the state of the metal, as well as the production method.

Aluminum wire rod, which has a diameter of 9 to 14 millimeters, is characterized by increased strength and resistance to mechanical damage.

Obtaining can be done in three ways.

1. Rolling is based on working with aluminum ingots. The manufacturing procedure is carried out on a wire rolling mill, which looks like special automated mechanisms and is provided with heating furnaces.
2. Continuous casting is considered relevant if the raw material is presented in the form of a molten metal. This work involves loading liquid masses into the crystallizer. There is a cutout in a specially rotating wheel, it is cooled by water masses. When moving, crystallization of the metal occurs, which is transferred to the rolling shaft. Finished products are rolled into spools and packed in polyethylene bags.
3. Pressing. This manufacturing method is considered relevant in those enterprises that have hydraulic presses.In this case, the heated ingots are sent to matrix containers. The material is processed using the pressure of the punch, which is equipped with a press washer.

In order for aluminum wire to have high quality and performance characteristics, manufacturers perform preliminary processing:

• deformed by cold - in this way brands AD 1, AMg3, AMg5 are made;
• tempered and aged by cold - D1P, D16P, D18;
• fired, which adds plasticity to the wire;
• do abrasive processing, which helps to remove burrs, rounding of metal edges.

Aluminum wire is drawn from wire rod by drawing. To do this, take a workpiece that has a diameter of 7 to 20 millimeters and pull it with a drag, which has several holes.

Species overview

During the manufacture of aluminum wire, manufacturers strictly adhere to the requirements of GOST. Depending on the functional characteristics, this long product can be presented in different forms. It is realized in coils or coils, the weight depends on the length and diameter of the wire.

According to the condition of the material, the wire is:

• hot-pressed, without heat treatment;
• annealed, soft;
• cold-worked;
• hardened naturally or artificially aged.

By chemical composition

Depending on the content of chemical components, aluminum wire is divided into the following types:

• low-carbon (carbon mass is not more than 0.25 percent);
• alloyed;
• highly alloyed;
• based on a household alloy.

By section shape

In cross-sectional shape, aluminum wire can be:

• round, oval, square, rectangular;
• trapezoidal, multifaceted, segmental, wedge-shaped;
• zeta, x-shaped;
• with a periodic, shaped, special profile.

By surface type

The following types of aluminum wire can be found on the material market:

• polished;
• polished;
• etched;
• with metallic and non-metallic spraying;
• light and black.

Welding aluminum wire is used during welding in construction, mechanical engineering. Thanks to the use of this product, a high level of manufacturability of structures is observed. A product with the AD1 brand is characterized by good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and ductility. It contains alloying additives such as silicon, iron and zinc.

Welding technique

When welding aluminum and its alloys, you must use clean and dry gloves made of split leather or other similar material

Mechanized welding of butt joints without cutting edges in the lower and vertical positions is usually performed without transverse vibrations of the electrode

In the presence of cutting edges, the first seam is also performed without transverse vibrations, and the subsequent ones - with small (up to 5 mm) movements of the electrode

When welding fillet welds in the lower position, the angle of inclination of the torch relative to the vertical wall is 30-45 °. The fillet weld on the vertical plane is led from bottom to top with a "forward angle". Single-pass welding is performed with movements of the end of the electrode. Fillet welds of large sections on a vertical plane are made multi-pass by making narrow seams. Butt horizontal seams are also welded.

On the inside, the seam is protected by remaining or removable linings or by a shielding gas supplied in any of the following ways:

1- shielding gas; 2- parts to be welded; 3- plugs; 4 - connecting cables

Scheme of installation of plugs in the pipeline for blowing protective gas

When welding parts with a thickness of 4 mm or more, pores form in the seam due to the rapid cooling of the weld pool. To prevent their occurrence, step welding with a reciprocating torch movement is used. Each step forward by 3-6 mm is accompanied by a movement backward by 1.5-3 mm.This welding technique provides better protection and slower crystallization of the weld pool, which ultimately ensures that there are no pores.

To reduce deformations when joining long structures, the reverse-stage welding method is widely used.

To fill the crater, the torch is returned in the opposite direction a distance slightly greater than the length of the crater, and at the same time the wire feed speed is reduced

When welding fillet and T-joints, the welding ends by moving the torch in the opposite direction along the seam, while slowing down the wire feed.