To each his own

Disadvantages of individual heating

Of course, along with serious advantages, autonomous heating systems have a number of disadvantages. For example, the inability to operate the system without gas supply. Yes, today there is an accelerated gasification of the entire country, but one should not forget that gas is an irreplaceable natural resource with limited reserves. Let's hope that this is enough for our century, and the export to China will not affect the future rent rates for our children.

Seriously speaking, the economic component of this issue lies in a slightly different plane. When settling in a new building with autonomous heating, not all tenants immediately move into their new apartments. It is good if this is the case in the summer. But in winter you will have to pay for the cold walls from your absent neighbor, which will not be very pleasant to affect the further relationships between some of the residents of the house. In addition, the gas consumption for heating will be different for residents of medium and corner apartments.

Selecting a boiler for individual heating

The legislation does not prohibit the installation of any boiler variant. If the neighbors agree and the technical conditions allow, then you can use gas, solid fuel, liquid fuel equipment. In practice, the features of the device of communications in apartment buildings leave a choice of a gas or electric boiler.

Most of the opportunities for the transition to individual heating were in the old low-rise apartment buildings, where stove heating was used. They have chimneys for the operation of solid fuel boilers. Many residents have kept the stoves in which a water boiler is being built.

Liquid fuel equipment for an apartment building requires not only a special chimney, but also a container for storing fuel. This is an obstacle for coordination not only with neighbors, but also with organizations controlling and maintaining the building. Another disadvantage of a liquid fuel boiler is its very noisy operation.

A gas boiler is easiest to install in homes where gas water heaters are used to heat water. Both types of equipment have approximately the same pressure requirements in the central gas pipeline, similar requirements for the ventilation and chimney systems.

In apartment buildings where gas is supplied only for cooking, the installation of a heating boiler can reduce the pressure in the system, which will affect the safety of the gas stoves for residents. If the pressure of the main pipeline is sufficient, but there is no chimney, then the solution to the issue will be the installation of gas equipment with a coaxial chimney and a closed combustion chamber. In some regions, the installation of coaxial chimneys in apartment buildings is prohibited.

An electric boiler is the best solution for individual heating in terms of utilities. The only limitation may arise due to the insufficient capacity of the general house network. The cost of heating a home with electricity does not differ much from the cost of central heating. Here, the benefit is rather in convenience and the ability to maintain an optimal temperature at any time of the year.

The main advantages of such a system

If the supply of energy carriers is uninterrupted, then no external factors can prevent you from getting warm. The same cannot be said for central heating. Its normal operation is highly dependent not only on energy carriers, but also on the nature and quality of the installation of pipes through which heat is supplied to the house, the nuances of the functioning of the boiler room and many other points. That is, from anything, but not from a person - a direct consumer.

Thanks to individual heating in an apartment building, you can always receive as much heat as is needed at a given moment in time.Want + 18 ° C? Please! Comfortable at + 27 ° C? Fine! To heat an apartment during a damp and rainy summer? No problem!

You do not need to turn on an electric convector or an oil radiator if there is not enough heat or keep the vents open for days on end due to too hot batteries. The house will always have a comfortable temperature that you set yourself.

Energy carriers in an autonomous heating system are used as efficiently as possible. If the housing is insulated with high quality, heating costs are guaranteed to decrease significantly.

Such systems are usually implemented on the basis of double-circuit boilers, which are also "responsible" for hot water supply. Consequently, thanks to individual heating in apartment buildings, one more problem is being solved - the dependence on "planned" and an infinite number of "emergency" outages of hot water. Double comfort, right?

Autonomous systems are also good for construction organizations, since they greatly simplify, reduce and reduce the cost of the construction process - they can be installed and started up much faster; in addition, there is no need for heating networks.

Where to begin

We start with the legal framework. It is necessary to clearly know what the legislation says about disconnecting from the central heating system and installing an individual one. Often the local administration, referring to Art. 190 FZ, refuses tenants. In court, such a refusal will be considered unreasonable. In Russian legislation, in addition to Federal Law No. 190 "On Heat Supply", there is Government Decree No. 307 of 04/16/2012, which considers the procedure for connecting heat supply systems. It contains a list of individual sources of thermal energy that do not meet certain requirements and are prohibited for this reason for installation in apartment buildings.

is recognized as illegal.

Required documents

Thus, in order to refuse from the central heating service and switch to individual heating, it is necessary to collect a package of documents in accordance with Art. 26 of the RF LCD on the conversion of living quarters.

The package of documents includes:

• conversion application;
• technical passport of the premises;
• title documents for housing (originals or copies certified by a notary);
• project of redevelopment of living quarters,
• written consent of all family members;
• the conclusion of the authorities for the protection of architectural monuments on the possibility of reorganizing the premises.

Gas heating documentation

The management company, after considering the application, provides a letter of permission to disconnect your apartment from the central heating. This letter is required to order technical specifications (TU) for the installation of individual heating. If you plan to connect gas (install a gas boiler), you must address the appeal to the gas service.

Technical specifications are issued within ten days. In case of refusal due to lack of "technical capability", keep in mind that such an answer is permissible only in regions where there is no gas and it is not possible to purchase it in cylinders.

After purchasing a certified boiler, you should contact the design organization. She will prepare a project for the installation of the boiler, taking into account the technical conditions and capabilities.

Then a project is made to disconnect from central heating in a heat supply organization. The basis for this will be a letter from the HOA with permission to disconnect

It is important to get a written answer. With him, in case of disagreement, you can go to court

Having received the project documentation, we go with it to the local branch of the All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society (VDPO).There you are issued a project fire safety act. If necessary, a project is made for the chimney.

Then all the documentation is approved by the administration. The conclusion on approval (or refusal) is accepted within 45 calendar days. Refusal to reorganize the premises occurs on the basis of Art. 27 LCD RF (case of failure to submit all documents). The refusal can also be appealed in court.

This is the basic scheme of how to prepare a project and legalize the transition to autonomous heating. The list of all documents may differ in different regions. More accurate information will be given to you directly at the administration of your district.

Refusal in favor of individual heating in the apartment

From a legal point of view, the procedure itself for abandoning central heating in favor of an individual heating system is as follows:

1. Preparation of documents:
2. registration certificate for the apartment;
3. ownership documents;
4. the consent of all persons living in the apartment.
5. Selection of an autonomous heating source in accordance with fire safety requirements and operating standards.
6. Obtaining a technical opinion on the possibility of carrying out such a conversion.
7. Development of a reconstruction project with calculations confirming the preservation of the functionality of the heating plant without a disconnected subscriber.
8. Registration of the application.
9. Obtaining a work permit.

It is possible to disconnect from the central heating, but it is necessary to pay for the heat supplied to ONE

Clause 15 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of 27.07.2010 No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply" states: It is prohibited to switch to heating residential premises in apartment buildings using individual apartment sources of heat energy, the list of which is determined by the rules for connection (technological connection) to heat supply systems , approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, in the presence of a duly connected (technological connection) to the heat supply systems of apartment buildings, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme.
And in the connection rules mentioned above, the following requirements for individual heat sources are given (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.07.2018 No. 787): 51. The list of individual apartment sources of heat energy, which are prohibited to be used for heating residential premises in apartment buildings when the presence of duly connected to heat supply systems, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme, includes heat sources operating on natural gas that do not meet the following requirements:
a) the presence of a closed (sealed) combustion chamber;
b) the presence of safety automatics that ensure the cessation of the fuel supply when the supply of electrical energy is interrupted, in the event of a malfunction of the protection circuits, when the burner flame goes out, when the coolant pressure drops below the maximum allowable value, when the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant is reached, as well as in case of violation of smoke exhaust;
c) coolant temperature - up to 95 degrees Celsius;
d) coolant pressure - up to 1 MPa.
Therefore, the transition to individual gas heating, taking into account the listed requirements for boilers, as well as the transition to heating using electric heaters, the law allows

For most owners, it is important not only to switch to autonomous heating, but also to start saving. Let's figure out what happens to payment after refusing from central heating and switching to individual heating

In its Resolution No. 46-P of 20.12.2018, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation said that owners who legally switched to autonomous heating and installed individual heat meters in apartments only need to pay for the heat used to maintain common property in the apartment building.
That is, if the MKD is connected to centralized heat supply networks, and the owner of the premises wants to switch to individual heating, he must obtain permission for this, legalize the reconstruction and install an apartment heat meter. Then, according to the readings, it will be seen that the heat energy supplied by the resource-supplying organization is not used by this owner to heat the apartment. At the same time, you will still have to pay for the heat that goes to general household needs (ODN) - there are no exceptions.

How to arrange individual heating in an apartment building

In order to correctly carry out the design of autonomous heating, the owner of the apartment must decide not only on the model of the boiler, but also on the type of energy carrier. Consider the option of installing a gas boiler.

First of all, a gas heating project is drawn up. For this purpose, you need to contact the gas supply company. Its specialists are engaged in the definition of an autonomous heating scheme for residential buildings with specific technical conditions. One of the most important issues is the required pressure level in the gas pipeline. If it is not able to ensure the operation of the boiler, it is highly likely that the company will refuse to install gas heating.

Then you will have to choose a system with a different coolant. It can be an electric boiler or, as an option, warm floors in the apartment.

Before going to the gas company, you need to take care of the following documentation:

• registration certificate for the apartment indicating the fact of disconnection from the centralized heating system;
• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, TIN;
• a copy of the boiler passport with detailed instructions for its installation;
• confirmation of payment for the services provided by the gas company for the preparation of a project for an individual heating system for an apartment.

Only after obtaining permission to switch to individual gas heating in an apartment building, you can proceed to the direct installation of all system components. The legislation of the Russian Federation clearly regulates the arrangement of autonomous heating in an apartment: a gas boiler must be equipped with a closed combustion chamber and well-functioning ways of removing carbon monoxide. If this condition is not met, the installation of individual heating will be prohibited.

What is the advantage of an individual heating system?

Everyone who wants to install an individual heating system should understand that he is responsible for its safe operation. It is also worth preparing for considerable material costs at the stage of installing the system. However, do not despair, because the payback of this event comes pretty soon.

Individual heating of an apartment in the case of its professional implementation has a huge plus in comparison with the usual many centralized heating: it works without interruption. Thanks to this, the rooms are heated properly, regardless of the weather outside the window. The main condition for correct operation is the correctly selected boiler power and the installation of batteries in those areas in which the heat loss is greatest.

In addition, the transfer to individual heating in an apartment of a multi-storey building allows:

1. To independently equip the microclimate in the premises. This feature helps to reduce heating costs. If you are away from home for a long time, you can set the system to a minimum in order to save money. There are systems with remote control that can be controlled via SMS messages.
2. Reduce operating costs. This is achieved by installing individual gas heating in the apartment. In this case, preference should be given to modern condensing gas boilers or a unit with a modular burner. This will reduce energy consumption to the optimum level.
3. Arrange hot water supply (DHW).Modern individual heating systems in an apartment building are equipped with a boiler with a second circuit for hot water supply. As a rule, the latter functions autonomously. You can heat the water even during the warmer months.

Otherwise, courts may await him with subsequent punishment.

Installation of a wall-mounted gas boiler

Individual apartment heating in most cases involves the installation of a wall-mounted gas boiler.

Gas boiler installation diagram. Click to enlarge.

This type of equipment has gained well-deserved popularity due to its compactness, light weight, reliability, efficiency and ease of use.

The installation site for the wall-mounted boiler can be a load-bearing or sufficiently reinforced wall of an apartment.

Before starting the installation work, you should calculate the most convenient boiler height above the floor level. At this level, special mounting strips must be fixed.

As a rule, this is done at the level of 1.0 - 1.6 meters from the floor level. When installing boilers on your own, you should strictly adhere to the installation diagrams and manufacturer's instructions contained in the product passport or in the instructions.

The implementation of a set of works and measures for connecting the boiler to the gas pipeline should be entrusted to specialists from competent organizations.

Differences in connecting gas boilers. Click to enlarge.

You can only make a direct connection of the boiler to the gas pipeline on your own using a special rubber hose. The tightness of the resulting connection is checked with soapy water, which must be applied to the threaded connections.

Connecting the boiler to the water supply system should not cause difficulties for the vast majority of apartment owners who prefer to do something with their own hands.

Depending on the type of pipelines used, various connection options can be used: threaded, socket or flanged connection, cold welding, crimp fittings, etc.

Final provisions

Individual apartment heating is an essential element of any living space. Comfortable temperature plays one of the leading roles in creating home comfort.

Self-installation of a gas boiler (especially a wall-mounted one) is not such an unrealistic event as it might seem at first glance.

However, the installation of such systems requires from the performers certain specialized knowledge and some practical experience.

Otherwise, you may face the negative consequences of improper installation: leaks, freezing of the coolant, ignition of heating equipment.

Expert advice on the selection of heating system components

The further operation of the entire system depends on the choice of the optimal heating elements (boiler, pipes and radiators).

1. Having decided to switch to individual heating in the apartment, the owner of the apartment insures himself against pressure drops in the pipes, so you can safely mount aluminum batteries. Installation of bimetallic radiators is preferable when there is a high probability of water hammer.
2. Most autonomous heating systems use polypropylene piping. Their installation is easy to carry out by yourself.
3. Remote control. In order to most efficiently approach the heating of residential premises, the heating circuit must be equipped with a programmer and several temperature sensors. If configured correctly, the system will itself control the heating power of the apartment.

To minimize heat loss in an apartment on the ground floor of individual houses, floor insulation can be carried out. For this, foam or mineral wool is successfully used.

A person who decides to change the central heating to an individual one will have to tinker a lot. But observing all the formalities, having collected all the necessary documentation, having carried out the correct installation of all components of autonomous heating, the owner of the apartment will receive a well-functioning, excellently working system that saves his money.

Radiator selection

The most suitable option for autonomous heating is sectional batteries. The length of the radiator is influenced by the quality of heat transfer of one section, which, in turn, depends on the material of manufacture. One cast-iron section, for example, gives off 110 watts of heat, steel - 85 watts, aluminum - from 175 to 199 watts, the heat transfer of one section for bimetallic radiators is 199 watts.

To calculate the area heated by one section with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, you need to divide the heat transfer rate of the section by 100. For example, a section of a cast-iron battery heats 1.1 m². Depending on the size of the room, you can calculate the number of sections for the radiator.

Nuances that may be present when calculating the number of sections in a room:

• in a corner room, or with an exit to the balcony, 2-3 sections are added;
• a decorative panel covering the battery reduces heat transfer by 15%;
• the niche under the windowsill, into which the radiator is installed, reduces heat transfer by 10%;
• windows from a multi-chamber profile, on the contrary, make the room warmer;
• insulated walls and floors keep the room temperature well.

Features of heating a city apartment

Installation of heating systems

In an apartment building, it is difficult to equip separate chimneys and ensure a normal level of air intake to create effective draft and improve gas combustion.

Therefore, heating the apartment gas boiler parapet type - the most convenient and acceptable option. This device differs from conventional products in that it does not require the construction of a separate and bulky chimney for its operation.

1. To supply oxygen, which is necessary for fuel combustion, there is a horizontal type chimney with an additional pipe built inside. This product is called a coaxial chimney.
2. Air enters through an external pipe, and the combustion products are removed through the inside of this device.
3. The coaxial product is installed horizontally across the outer wall of the room.
4. As a heat exchanger in such devices, as a rule, copper pipes are used, which have a high level of thermal conductivity and rapid heating. The efficiency factor (COP) of parapet gas boilers is at least 90%.

The difficulties of individual heating

Relocation of heating devices refers to the refurbishment of the apartment. To install an individual heating boiler, you must first obtain

To obtain a permit, you need to send a statement to the city administration directly or through the MFC that you want to install an individual heating device, and a project for organizing a heating system. They may also ask for documents on the ownership of the apartment and the technical passport, but it is not necessary to present them: they are in the Federal Register.

Please note: if you purchased an apartment while married, it belongs to you and your spouse. Then the application for changing the heating system must be signed by both of you.

Signatures must be put in the presence of an employee of the city administration, an employee of the MFC or a notary. You will have to pay extra for notary services.

According to advertisements on the Internet, a project for a decentralized heating system for an apartment in Moscow costs from 80 to 150 rubles per square meter.The advertising prices indicate the minimum cost of the finished project, for example, 13 thousand rubles for 80 m², and it is higher than the calculated area. In addition, heating projects involve a lot of fractional work, so the final cost can be much higher than the estimated one. But without a project for heating an apartment, you will not receive permission to install a boiler, and without permission, they will not stop charging fees for centralized heating.

The conversion application must be considered 45 days in advance. The administration will appoint a period for which you must install your own boiler - gas or electric. Boilers differ in cost and characteristics, most often prices are in the range of 15-35 thousand rubles. But there are boilers for both 4000 and 102.

After installing a new heating system, an acceptance committee must be invited, which will confirm that the system corresponds to the project and can be safely operated. If everything goes well, you will receive an act of completion of the apartment renovation. The acceptance committee will send another act to the city administration.

As you can see, giving up central heating takes a lot of time and money. It might be cheaper to just pay for the heating. But it's up to you to decide.

Is individual heating necessary

As the owners of the cherished square meters in an apartment building, tenants often think about the commensurability of the services provided with the final numbers in the settlement receipts. Especially, this becomes noticeable during the heating season. When on cold days it is not uncommon to wait when the centralized heating will be turned on. And during this period, heat your apartment with additional electrical appliances. Or vice versa, when the heat, for which you pay from your own pocket, has to be let out into the street.

The presence of negative facts leads to the fact that residents of apartment buildings are thinking about a different method of heating. Individual heating is the choice of the majority. At the same time, the transition from centralized to individual heating, despite the costly cost of the necessary equipment, pays off rather quickly by limiting heat loss and heat consumption.

Since the reconstruction of an apartment requires permission from the relevant authorities, then even before installing the boiler, it is worthwhile to responsibly study the technical and legal aspects of the issue. On the technical side, manufacturers of heating equipment have tried and presented a wide range of heating systems on the market. In the instructions for which the rules of operation and installation are already prescribed. But the legal side includes the availability of an installation permit and documents for putting the premises into operation.

Outcomes

It is necessary to choose the most accessible and convenient way to access the device. The cheapest way should be called a roller blind. A person can simply pull on the string and the cauldron will open. However, you do not need to install a joint to a joint to it, and it is also not worth attaching from above. The boiler should be installed so that there is quick access to it during testing. The cabinet doors should be removed so that a person does not diagnose the device in a bent state.

It should be noted that it is best to contact specialized firms that will help you complete the installation

However, you should pay attention to the fact that many do projects in the following way: they outline beautiful kitchens, but they do not think about the functionality of the boiler. If improperly installed, the owner may be fined.Moreover, due to such nuances, the device itself may fail.

The fact is that in this matter, the beauty of the design fades into the background.After all, if the device breaks down in a twenty-degree frost, then a beautiful kitchen will not warm anyone.