The technology of growing mushrooms in the country

Many people like to pick mushrooms. But it is not always possible to break out into the forest in search of the cherished gift of nature. You can please yourself and move a piece of the forest to your garden, right to your dacha, and grow your favorite mushrooms on your own.

Content

• What mushrooms can be grown in the country
• Methods for growing mushrooms in the country
• How to grow oyster mushrooms correctly
• How to grow champignons
• Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

What mushrooms can be grown in the country

The easiest to grow, mastered by humans for home breeding: oyster mushrooms, champignons, as well as porcini mushrooms. You can also try to grow mushrooms, morels, chanterelles and boletus on your garden plot. The process of breeding the latter is laborious and not justified.

The best mushrooms for growing in their summer cottage:

1. Oyster mushrooms. Harvest time is late summer - early fall, until October. In the first year, up to 0.5-0.6 kg can be harvested from one bush. The mycelium does not need to be dug out for the winter, it is not afraid of frost. In favorable conditions, crops can be harvested for more than one year.
2. Morels are the first spring mushrooms. Their germination time is April-May. Their appearance is quite peculiar, it is difficult to confuse them with other species. Morel comes in regular and brown. The first is characterized by an oval cap, and the second type is long, elongated upward, and expanding downward. The appearance of the hat itself is extravagant, in the form of a honeycomb. They do not like the neighborhood of apple trees, so they are usually grown in orchards.
3. Champignons are the most common domesticated species. It grows in any conditions and under any trees, be it a Christmas tree, pine or fruit tree, or even a berry bush. Disputes can be bought at a specialist store or online. The most reliable method for collecting planting material is to dig a fruiting mycelium in the forest. Champignons love manure heaps or compost pits. They will not give up the abundance of moisture and shade. But the land is preferred with a large composition of organic matter.
4. White mushrooms. The most difficult to grow type. For successful germination, they need a tree under which the mycelium grows in wildlife. And, most importantly, the tree should not be an annual sapling, but a fully formed specimen up to 30 years old. It is desirable that the pine be a long-liver. Does not tolerate proximity to fruit plants.

Thus, it is easy and simple to grow your favorite gifts of nature at home. Myceliums grown with their own hands will delight with abundant harvests for more than one year.

Methods for growing mushrooms in the country

There are several effective growing methods:

1. A fruiting mycelium brought from the forest. Every mushroom picker knows what to look for under trees or near the roots. At the time of the search, it is important to note a good family and to dig the soil under it 3 cm deep. It is not necessary to dig out the entire mycelium completely, but only part of it. Otherwise, when the entire mycelium is removed, the next year there will be no mushrooms in this place. The soil layer is carefully transported to the dacha or personal plot. In order for the planting material to take root successfully, favorable conditions should be created. It is necessary to select and prepare the area.After determining the location on the soil, an interlayer of wood sawdust or straw. Then the mycelium is placed in a substrate and covered with straw again. If the planting was successful, then in a month there is an opportunity to get the first harvest.
2. Transfer of an old stump or tree bark affected by mycelium. When transporting an old stump or lumps, you can bring along with the desired colony not only conditionally edible, but also poisonous ones. If there is already an old tree in the garden, you can try to populate it. for this, inside the trunk, it is necessary to make a hole and plant mycelium into it. It is recommended to water actively. The result will not keep you waiting long. The same process can be done with old stumps on the site. But there is one catch, the stump from which the mycelium was taken and the rotten residue from the tree where they are going to be moved must be of the same breed. Otherwise, extra effort and hope will be wasted, and the mycelium is simply spoiled.

Germination with spores. Planting material can be brought from the forest. It is required to collect old overripe mushrooms along with the caps. At home, they should be thoroughly gutted and scattered over the required area. Moisten well the inhabited area. This method implies the creation of conditions close to the forest. It should be located away from berry and vegetable crops.

By diluting a special solution. Overripe mushrooms brought from the forest are ground into dust. Add 1 spoonful of flour and gelatin powder to the gunpowder. After that, water is added to the batch, with which it is necessary to water the prepared area under the trees. Over time, the spores activate growth and form a fungus root. Within 2 seasons, the mycelium reaches the desired size and begins to bear fruit abundantly.

How to grow oyster mushrooms correctly

Oyster mushrooms - fast growing and abundantly fruiting mushrooms. Before disembarking mycelium, they prepare a room: a garage, a cellar, a basement. It is recommended to disinfect it with a solution of lime (4%) and close it for up to 2 days. After the allotted time, you should ventilate so that there is no smell. There should be two such rooms: germinating and vegetable.

The second stage is soil preparation. It is made from corn cobs, sunflower seed husks, tree sawdust, cereals or straw. You can use one type of compost, or combine them with each other.

Soil preparation procedure:

• moisten the mixture with warm water
• leave to swell for 30 minutes
• drain the liquid, squeeze out the composition of the substrate
• pour boiling water for 7 hours, pressing down with pressure from above
• after the time has elapsed, drain the water and squeeze out the humus
• add urea, young limestone, superphosphate and gypsum to the resulting composition

Wet prepared soil is poured into plastic bags. Small holes are made in them through which young mushrooms will sprout. The diameter of the holes is up to 2 cm, the distance between each of them is up to 20 cm.

The soil needs to be placed in bags in a specific order.

Initially, cover the substrate by 15-20 cm. With the next layer, carefully lay out the layer of mycelium so that it fills the space by 2/3. The bag is now tied and transported to the germination room. It is recommended to either hang the bags or lay them in rows. The temperature in the preparation room should not exceed +24 C, and in bags - up to +28 C. High humidity is recommended - up to 95%. No lighting required.

Germinating myceliums are periodically ventilated. As soon as the process of mycelium formation has begun, the containers should be immediately transferred to the plant room. The main room must be filled with fresh oxygen frequently. Humidity remains at the same level as in the previous room. The temperature is reduced to + 12 + 18 C.

Spraying devices or small tubs of water should be distributed throughout the premises, which will evaporate the water.For lighting ordinary fluorescent lamps are used. 12 hours - this is how long the daylight hours should last. When the growth of the mycelium is activated, the first small mushrooms will begin to germinate, the holes must be expanded. You can cut the first crop already on the eighth day after the first shoots appear.

How to grow champignons

Champignons love places with high humidity and a lot of organic nutrients. For germination, mushrooms practically do not need sunlight. They are not capricious and happily grow in orchards.

For growing, the soil should be taken saturated organic additives.

If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself. Take 50 kg of either cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, as well as 20 kg of straw, everything is mixed and stacked... Food waste can be added to the recommended composition. The whole mixture is compacted tightly and sprinkled with water. It is required to cover with plastic wrap and leave for 2-3 weeks until the smell of ammonia disappears.

After 3 weeks, you can prepare a place to house a young family. A trench is dug in width - according to the size of the mycelium, and to a depth of no more than 30 cm.The dug strip is filled with prepared substrate, watered abundantly. The main thing remains - to add mycelium. Planting material can be bought in a special store or found in wildlife.

If a decision is made to bring a mushroom family from the forest, then you need to know the edible species:

• Field
• Garden
• White
• Two-ring

A colony brought from the forest or purchased is placed on a prepared trench, covered with straw from above. It is necessary to do landing measures when the temperature outside is set to +20 C.

In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can collect ripe specimens and crush them in the required area. The place is watered abundantly by irrigation. You should not allow the earth to be tamped in this zone, as the nascent spores may die and all efforts will be in vain. The germination time of young plant specimens will not take much time. After 2 months, the gardener will enjoy his first own harvest.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country

You can plant porcini mushrooms in several ways: transplanting, planting ready-made material and seedlings... The planting period is from May to October. In addition, planting work should be done only after sunset.

When planting, all technology should be carefully followed:

1. The dug out mycelium should be placed in a place where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It is necessary to plant in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug.
2. It is recommended to prepare the soil for successful germination. In front of the selected tree, at a distance of 0.5 m, dig a layer of earth 30 cm deep. Place fallen leaves, sawdust or wood dust on the bottom of the hole. Sprinkle on top with soil, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores is laid out. After the procedure, irrigate and cover the foliage on top. Water abundantly for the first 2-3 weeks in dry weather.

The second method is to plant the finished material:

1. Before planting the purchased mycelium, it is recommended to choose a place under a tree in a humid environment.
2. Having stepped back from the tree 70 cm, remove the top layer 50 cm.
3. Place a mixture of sawdust, leaves and earth prepared in advance on the bottom of the pit, at 20 cm.Pour a layer of soil by 10 cm on top.
4. Compost is applied next, and then the mycelium is placed, sprinkled with soil and foliage.
5. The planted family can bear fruit as early as next year under favorable conditions for planting and rooting.

More information can be found in the video:

The last way is to plant seedlings:

1. The caps of porcini mushrooms brought from the forest are finely chopped, rubbed on a grater or meat grinder. The resulting slurry is poured with liquid and infused for less than 24 hours. While the seedlings are preparing, a location should be selected.
2. Dig up the soil under a certain trunk.
3. To increase the fertility of the soil, they are fed with compost.
4. After the specified time has elapsed, the infusion from the ground material is evenly poured onto the prepared area. This place should be covered with leaves.

The porcini mushroom is picky. It should not be planted next to apple trees and pears... All efforts will be in vain, the mushrooms will not take root.