What are they?
An eye bolt or a bolt with a ring - this is what fasteners are called in plain language. There are 2 options for the design of the eyebolt:
- the ring is attached to the rod strictly perpendicularly;
- the ring is installed in a special groove, it can rotate in different directions.
In addition to hardware made according to standards, there are other types.
Elongated. Has a long threaded rod.
-
Anchor. Used when working with concrete structures or natural stone. The product is distinguished by the presence of a nut, a washer and a spacer. It is convenient to install fasteners with an anchor on problem substrates. There are 4 types of anchor bolts.
- Wedge - looks like a sleeve, inside which there are rings.
- Hammered - a special type of bolt, its edges are made of soft metal, which deform when hammered. Thus, anchoring in the surface is carried out.
- Expandable fasteners are the most popular and versatile fasteners. It is made in the form of a rod with slots, thanks to which the walls seem to "open up" when screwed in.
- Spacer - This bolt is also very popular. Most often used in the construction industry. It looks like a cone, the rod of which expands after screwing in. Applicable only for concrete and brick.
According to the type of material, fasteners are galvanized and alloyed or stainless. What the carrying capacity will be depends on the degree of fastening - axial, at an angle of 45 °, if the bolt is installed on the side. According to GOST and DIN standards, the width of the shoulder, that is, the protrusion of the screw part, varies from 17 to 120 millimeters. Each eyebolt has its own specifications. Fasteners differ in the size of the thread diameter and the diameter of the shoulder, in the pitch of the screw thread, in the load from the diameter, in the inner and outer dimensions of the ring and its thickness, in the length of the threaded part, in the permissible tensile load at an angle of 45 ° and relative to its axis.
Designated as M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M20, M24, M30, M36, M42, M48, M56, M64, M72, M80 and M100. For all these characteristics, the carrying capacity can vary from 80 kilograms to 40 tons.
Applications
Due to their specific purpose, eyebolts are used in many areas:
- construction - used in installation work, for moving and loading and unloading any structures, for work at height;
- production of vehicles - here they are used for towing;
- rigging - all kinds of heavy loads (lift, load, unload, rearrange, etc.).
And also fasteners are often used in the conduct of work, which must be completed in a short time - for example, the installation of tents, circus domes, tents. Street advertising and similar systems are also mounted using eyebolts. It is generally believed that eye bolts were first used in shipping. On floating structures (on a boat, yacht, ships) fasteners were installed for mooring to the shore.
Classification
The dimensions of the nuts are also set according to DIN582 standards.
The side of the ring of the eye nut is marked with information on dimensions, material and manufacturer.
The size of the threaded surface varies and can be M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M18, M20, M24, M26, M30, M36, from M42 to M48. They also produce hardware of non-standard sizes, for example, M4, M5, M7, M22, M27, M33, M39, M39x2, M100. According to DIN, such parameters are not recommended to be manufactured, and they can only be purchased to order. The most common are hardware with sizes M8-M16.
And also nuts are classified:
- by the appearance of the ring - round, oval or in the form of a rounded rectangle;
- by the size of the sleeve - low or high (elongated);
- by load - non-power and power;
- by thread type - with a fine metric thread, that is, when the size is indicated in millimeters, or with an inch thread, respectively, here the size will be in inches.
The inch dimension first began to gain popularity in the United States and Great Britain, while the metric system was common in Europe and Asia. Accordingly, there was a problem with the compatibility of various kinds of fasteners. In the future, Great Britain adopted the metric measurement, abandoning the inch.
In appearance, it is impossible to distinguish the American thread measurement system from the metric one, since their profile angle is identical - 60 degrees. It is possible to distinguish by marking: in the metric system, the strength class is indicated by numbers, in the inch system - by lines. Fasteners with different types of threads will never be interchangeable, since when screwing, a gap or gap is formed in the structure. The only difficulty that arises during the installation of the eye nut is the correct connection of the two elements.
By the type of the eye-nut head, it can be of three modifications:
- A - head in the form of a loop;
- B - power option, enlarged head;
- D - reduced head.
By the size of the diameter of the ring, or by its thickness
Some fasteners have a pivot hinge that will pivot in the direction of the load, and a weld-on hinge on ball bearings - here it will rotate 360 degrees in all directions. They are made of stainless steel, later covered with paint.
Important! According to the international standard, for eye nuts, not the ultimate, but the breaking load is established, that is, when irreversible changes begin to occur with the part. These are two different definitions, so when selected, the load capacity is reduced by 60%
When choosing an eye nut, you need to take into account the area in which it will be used, and for how long, how much weight the cargo will have, what safety rules are provided.
It is advisable to purchase a nut together with a screw or stud in order to check the size and pitch of the thread - correctly selected fasteners will make the structure or mechanism reliable and durable. Their strength should also be identical, but higher strength of the nut is allowed, but not vice versa. If the stud is stronger during tightening, the threads of the eye nut may break. It is worth remembering that damage to the rod is easy to identify, since the rupture occurs abruptly and is difficult to miss. And with the nut, the opposite is true - the stripped thread is almost impossible to see.
This fastener is very popular and widespread in many areas, therefore, when choosing and operating, you need to remember a few rules:
- no deformations on the nut itself and defects on the ring are allowed;
- the used fasteners must be solid, the welding of various damages is unacceptable;
- the parameters of the size of the threaded part depend on the weight of the structure to be lifted;
- the surface of the hardware must be cleaned of dirt, shavings, scale;
- lifting the load, its movement should occur evenly and without sudden movements;
- after unscrewing the nut, its appearance should remain unchanged, that is, there should be no cracks, breaks, bent parts and other deformations;
- the angle between the fastener sleeve and the sling should not exceed 45 degrees;
- the axis of the sling should be located in the plane of the ring;
- the temperature regime for nuts is very wide - operation is possible both at -20 and +200 degrees Celsius;
- the choice of the manufacturer also plays an important role.
You can find out what an eye bolt and an eye nut are from the video below.