How to make a mini tractor at home. Advantages and disadvantages
A home-made mini-tractor, manufactured and assembled by hand, is much cheaper than factory models, and in terms of its technical characteristics, it even sometimes exceeds their performance.
It has the following main advantages:
- cheap production;
- it can be made for personal needs;
- parts can be used from old technology.
Such an assistant is used for many purposes: processing vegetable gardens and orchards, cleaning the site and transporting goods, etc.
Another advantage of this transport is its quick payback. It is possible to return the invested money literally in one season, because the parts from which the tractor is assembled can be removed from old and unnecessary equipment or purchased at very low prices - in the case when the parts have already been in use.
Some craftsmen sometimes convert other equipment into mini tractors. This greatly simplifies the process of building such a helper.
If we talk about the shortcomings, then we can note the complexity in the selection of the necessary parts. Also, such a device does not have a guarantee, unlike new purchased models, and in the event of a breakdown, you need to independently carry out repairs and buy the required parts. In addition, such a tractor, as a rule, is assembled from old parts and it is not always possible to find a worthy replacement on the market.
It is not easy to prepare the necessary drawings. To do this, you should have minimal drawing skills and work experience. This is necessary because the tractor will be used with other equipment and it is required to correctly calculate the motor power.
A mini-tractor made at home with your own hands must be registered with the traffic police, since when you first go out on a public road and stop the device by the police, you can get a large financial fine, and the tool itself will be subject to confiscation and will go to a fine area.
Features of the clutch for mini vehicles
The question of what kind of clutch can be made for a homemade mini tractor so that it lasts as long as possible worries every novice designer.
However, experienced specialists, despite the design innovations that have appeared today, unanimously argue that it is better to give their preference to the oldest method - the belt clutch. Although it has a number of drawbacks, given the fact that we are going to adapt it to a small farm unit - a mini-tractor, such a variety will be quite enough. In addition to this clutch, other more modernized counterparts are:
- electromagnetic;
- disk;
- hydraulic principle of action;
- centrifugal.
We make a clutch with a belt mechanism with our own hands
The scheme of its manufacture is quite simple, despite the serious controversy regarding the overall complexity of this process. It consists of the following:
- two V-belts are taken, the length of which should be 1.4 m. It is advisable to select their profile B;
- a pulley is installed on the input shaft of the gearbox (it will be the "driven" element);
- on a spring-loaded bracket, 8 links of which are connected with a direct clutch pedal, a double roller is installed. It will provide the necessary tone of the belts, as well as their weakening during the slipping cycle;
- to minimize wear on parts, it is better to take care of special stops designed specifically for those moments when the engine is idling.
This design has a number of undeniable advantages:
- balance of work;
- operational reliability;
- low cost, since there is no need to shell out for expensive items, and everything that is required can always be found in your back room.
How to make a clutch on a mini tractor with your own hands?
This question is asked by many farmers who own homemade mini tractors. Before answering it, you should figure out which mechanism is easiest to assemble. There are 2 types of structures with the simplest design: belt and multi-disc, operating in an oil bath.
The V-belt unit, like other types of units, also consists of driven and main parts. Pulleys act as driven parts.
To assemble the belt clutch you will need:
- 2 belts, at least 14 cm long. They will play the role of forward and reverse gear;
- spring-type rollers - are responsible for the optimal tension of the belts;
- 2 guide strips with the same dimensions as the pulleys,
- guide plate made of thick, durable steel.
Additional Information
An inertial clutch is often used. In it, the levers are connected to the driven shafts and are complemented by cams. The force of inertia drives these cams into the grooves located on the cup-shaped coupling half. In turn, this coupling half is connected to the drive shaft. The levers are attached to a common axle located in the slit of the driven unit.
The leading coupling half is equipped with radial inertial pins. They rotate and simultaneously act on the intermediate element. Such an element communicates through the spline with the driven shaft. Additionally, an intermediate glass with a shank from the slot comes into contact with the axle, fixing the levers in a clamped state. You need to hold them until the driven shaft unwinds.
Still, most people prefer the familiar disc clutch. In order for it to work well, you will have to adjust the part immediately after installation. The adjustments are repeated later, already during operation, at approximately the same time intervals. At the same time, make sure that the pedal moves freely. If the adjustment does not help, consistently check:
- technical condition of bearings;
- serviceability of disks;
- possible malfunctions of the cup and springs, pedals, cables.
You can learn more about how to make a clutch on a mini-tractor with your own hands.
Pro tips for using pre-prepared edits so that there are no problems with installing the gearbox in place
Remember to use edit. Without it, it will be impossible to center the position of the driven disk, and in the future you may have problems installing the gearbox in place.
One of the most important parts of any mini tractor is the clutch. It is designed so that the torque from the combustion engine is transmitted to the transmission. In addition, it makes it possible to make a smooth and short disconnection of the engine crankshaft, which is in constant motion, from the transmission itself. And this, in turn, is the guarantee of a shock-free connection of the gears of the gearbox and, as a result, a confident start of the mini-tractor itself.
Modern factory modifications of such equipment are most often equipped with a friction-type clutch, where the very torque of the engine itself is transmitted through the frictional force of individual clutch mechanisms. When there is a clear goal - to make a mini-tractor with your own hands, the clutch must be adjusted independently, which we will try to figure out.
How to make a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor. Communities ›Motoblocks (and everything connected with them)› Blog ›mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor
it's time and I assembled a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor. It is very difficult to drive a walk-behind tractor for long furrows. and then, instead of the trailer adapter, assemble a semi-tractor from a walk-behind tractor
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here is my walk-behind tractor. on Zhiguli wheels, he runs fast. Therefore, we need smaller wheels.
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front and rear linkage. made for a bulldozer.
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his legal wheels are 4x8. the hubs are welded from the corners.
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planting potatoes with a homemade hiller.
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hilling potatoes with disks
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wheels and calipers with oki. fists and hubs, hoses for vaz2108-15, 80cm track, could not be made smaller.
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shackle disks and calipers had to be re-drilled to get shackled wheels
the frame is welded from 40x and 32x corners and 25x40x2.5 mm professional pipes.
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homemade lug release hubs R16
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from R16 discs
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homemade unlockers
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steering column and ch. brake cylinder 2106.The steering wheel itself is 2108. I had to fit it onto the shaft
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homemade hitch. the lifting lever is fixed in three positions.
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on these wheels it pulls and maneuvers better
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testing on Nivov lugs with a plow. only in the first gear pulls well.
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planting potatoes now with a semi-tractor.
to be continued.
Variety of designs of clutches for tractor mini-equipment
There are several classifications of clutches for mini tractors. Let's consider the most common ones.
Depending on the mechanism for transmitting torque to the gearbox of the minitractor, they are:
- frictional;
- electromagnetic;
- hydraulic.
The first, which are most often found in modern factory models of mini tractors, include 3 components:
- leading part;
- slave;
- control system.
Revolutions are transmitted by friction between driving and driven parts. Friction clutches are also called mechanical. Their performance is regulated by the frictional properties of the parts from which they are made, and to increase them, you can use various friction pads that change the friction force in one direction or the other.
In electromagnetic, the connection between the engine and transmission takes place through a magnetic field or through the use of a special powder with magnetic properties. It activates the electromotive force and closes the magnetic field between its components.
The operation of hydraulic couplings is based on the force of the flow of the working fluid, which acts on the driven parts of the mini tractor. If the flow force is constant throughout the work, they speak of hydrostatic couplings. If it is variable (dynamic), then it is a hydrodynamic coupling.
Hydrodynamic clutches are widespread in most modern high-power tractors, since they wear less gearbox and cause smoother operation of the entire traction unit.
According to the number of discs, the clutch is classified into:
- monodisc;
- multi-disc.
The basic element of multi-plate clutches is a housing with a notched inner surface. It is into it that the discs with grooves along the outer circumference will be inserted. They rotate freely along an axial path and transfer torque sequentially between the gearbox and the engine flywheel.
What other options could there be?
In some cases, a hydraulic clutch is used. Its couplings work due to the force applied by the fluid flow. A distinction is made between hydrostatic and hydrodynamic couplings. In products of the second type, the force created by the flow gradually changes. It is the hydrodynamic design that is now being used more and more often, because it wears out less and works much more confidently.
You can also find drawings of a clutch with electromagnetic clutches. The engine and transmission in such a system are connected using a magnetic field. It is usually created by electromagnets, although powder with magnetic properties can sometimes be used. Another classification of couplings is made according to their need for lubrication.
It is also important to remember that a different number of discs can be present in the clutches. Multi-disc design implies a case with grooves inside
Discs with special grooves are inserted there.When they rotate around their own axis, then one by one they transfer the force to the transmission. Can be made without turner and centrifugal automatic clutch.
When designing and manufacturing such products, one should strive to minimize friction. If this force is used for work, the overhead of mechanical energy increases dramatically. It should be borne in mind that the centrifugal clutch is poorly suited for the transmission of significant forces. In this case, the efficiency of the device also drops sharply. Gradually, the centrifugal clutch linings wear off, taking on a tapered shape.
As a result, slipping begins. Repair is possible, but you will have to:
- use a quality lathe;
- grind off the lining to the metal itself;
- wind the friction tape;
- use glue for her;
- keep the workpiece for 1 hour in a rented muffle furnace;
- grind the lining to the required thickness;
- prepare the grooves through which the oil will pass;
- put it all in place.
As you can see, everything is quite complicated, laborious and expensive. Worst of all, only conditionally such a clutch can be considered self-made. And the quality depends on too many factors, including those that cannot be controlled. Even a multi-plate clutch is much easier to make. Such products are recommended for equipping agricultural implements with a transverse engine placement.
Important! Parts of the clutch are combined with the transmission and the starter unit. All of this is lubricated with engine oil from a common source.
Used clutch from old motorcycles is used as a blank. The sprocket is connected to the outer drum so that it rotates freely on the shaft. A ratchet is added to the drive drum. Driven and main disks are aggregated to a common shaft. At the same time, it is important to preserve their mobility. The structure is secured with nuts. Arrangement of master and dependent disks is performed in pairs. The first ones are joined to the outer drum using projections, and the second ones - using teeth.
The pressure plate is mounted last. It will help to tighten the rest of the parts with special springs. It is imperative to put a friction pad on each of the drive discs. Usually these parts are made of plastic or cork.
Car clutch malfunctions, signs of possible malfunctions
The most common clutch problems are:
- "Slip". This problem occurs if the clutch is incorrectly adjusted - there is virtually no free play, and the bearing presses on the diaphragm spring. In this case, even if the pedal is completely released, the clutch remains a little squeezed out, which is accompanied by slipping of the discs. If this problem is not eliminated, as a result of the high temperature, the metal section of the driven disk may warp, quick wear of the linings will occur and, possibly, their destruction, they will burn, and small cracks will form on the flywheel.
- The clutch "leads". This problem is also formed with incorrect adjustment. However, it boils down to too much free play. The clutch in this case does not push the pressure plate completely, the rotation is transmitted even if the pedal is depressed as much as possible. This negatively affects the discs, which can warp, crack or even disable the transmission.
- Jerks when starting off. Destruction of the disc linings, jumping out of the damper springs from the seats is possible. In addition, it is possible for the disc hub to jam during movement and detach the diaphragm spring petals, as a result of which the pressure disc moves with a bias.
- Increased noise during operation indicates a failure of the release bearing.
2nd way snap clutch
As we have already said, there are a lot of options for how one and the same process can be represented. We offer for consideration the following, no less interesting.
Each of them had to see or make a "sharp start" himself, or to jerk off, leaving black traces of burnt rubber on the asphalt. Why is this done? Yes, God knows, everyone has their own answer, someone is in a hurry, someone is "more expensive than money", and someone has seen enough films about "cool cars" ...
Everyone probably understands how this is done? rise to maximum, after which the clutch pedal rushes sharply. As a result, the car tears from its place, leaving traces on the asphalt and clouds of gray smoke in the air. Everyone knows how to do this, but not everyone knows what it is fraught with for the car. Someone will immediately answer that this is how they start in races and nothing. Yes, of course, in the conditions of a race, slowly moving away from a place means losing. However, there is one small "but", all racing cars are equipped with special powerful clutches with sintered discs, which can easily withstand such loads. But in serial car models, the most ordinary discs with friction material are installed, which do not like this driving style at all. Therefore, if “show off” is more important to you than the integrity of your clutch and the money that will be needed for repairs, keep up the good work, I advise you to buy several sets at once, sooner or later they will come in handy, especially since they say in bulk - cheaper. And for those who value their car and know the price of every penny, I advise you to listen and move smoothly, and release the clutch pedal gradually.
Also, I do not recommend using the clutch pedal as a support for your left foot. One way or another, you will still accidentally press it from time to time, as a result of which the release bearing will suffer, which will have to constantly rotate instead of just “resting” in the pauses between “real” clutch pedal presses. Moreover, due to the lack of proper support, the left leg will constantly numb, and on tight turns, the driver's body, without proper solid support, will inevitably roll under the influence of centrifugal force. As a rule, the driver starts, which is just not worth doing. Correctly, the left leg should be resting on a special stand, which is equipped with almost all modern cars. If it is absent, the foot should rest on the floor, to the left of the clutch pedal. After the transfer is completed, the left leg should be returned to its original place.
Usually, during fast driving, before, there is a downshift in order to increase traction on the drive wheels. In such moments, the right foot brakes, and the left works with the clutch pedal. Upon completion of downshifting, slowly release the left pedal, while gently engaging the clutch, otherwise a jerk will occur, blocking the drive wheels. There is a so-called equalization of the speed of the input shaft of the gearbox and the engine, while the clutch parts receive a serious load. In such moments, skill and skill are important, overglowing and raising the engine speed would be very useful. But again, this technique requires skill that demonstrates the high class of the driver. For some motorists, it takes years of training to master a technique called peregazovka, and some have never found out what it is in their lives.
Noises and knocks are common signs of clutch failure and can occur in a wide variety of situations. Also, in this case, there is an incomplete on or off, sticking of the pedal, slipping. If any of the listed problems exist, then it is necessary to check the clutch. How to do it? We will talk about this in this article.
Slip check
How to check the clutch disc yet? The second method does not involve the use of any special techniques. The driver, when driving in city mode, simply needs to carefully monitor the behavior of the car. For example, if the car goes up very hard, there is a burning smell or a drop in speed for no apparent reason, then there is a slip. In this case, you can try to replace the clutch disc, however, in this case, other elements of the system may be the culprit for this behavior of the transport, and the clutch may turn out to be serviceable. So additional diagnostics will be required.
How to make your own mini tractor. Areas of use
Homemade mini tractors have similar technical features as full-fledged units of Belarusian, Chinese and Russian production, presented in stores. That is why, the area of their application will be practically the same.
Naturally, the main work for a self-made unit will be plowing, cultivation, and also other processing of land. This task is paramount, because it is his harvest that feeds the farmer, i.e. what he planted with his own hands, and without proper soil preparation, this is almost impossible.
Application area
This, in many respects, explains the necessity and indispensability of such equipment for agriculture in general, as well as for specific farmers in particular.
In addition, with the help of a homemade mini tractor, you can carry out a whole list of typical works:
- cleaning snow masses in winter;
- transportation of small loads;
- cleaning of household waste, as well as various vegetation;
- hay making;
- planting and digging potatoes, beets, etc.
It is understood that the possibility of performing such work is realized only in combination with certain equipment, which serves as an auxiliary one. We are talking about trailers, rotary and segment mowers, snow plows, etc.
It is with the help of the aggregation of these devices with a homemade mini tractor that the expansion of working capabilities, as well as the increase in multitasking that everyone is talking about, becomes possible.
How to make an all-wheel drive mini-tractor from a walk-behind tractor. Instructions for assembling a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor
For those who are interested in how to make a mini-tractor from a Neva, Forte walk-behind tractor or from Zubr equipment, you need to know that the manufacturer does not really matter, this does not affect the efficiency of the tractor. The main thing is to correctly develop a drawing and a construction scheme. Also, the owner of the equipment can use ready-made developments.
Homemade tractor drawing
Kinematic diagram of a mini tractor
Frame and body
To build the frame, it is allowed to use metal pipes and corners. Bolts should be used as fasteners, but welding will be required to create a strong connection.
Drawing 1 - structure frame
A mini tractor with your own hands can be equipped with a body. This will give the equipment not only a presentable look, but also protect the components from dust, mechanical and climatic influences. In this case, stainless steel sheets are used.
Operator's seat and steering gear
After completing the manufacture of the frame with a body for homemade equipment, the operator's seat should be attached to the structure. Here you can use the driver's seat from any vehicle. It must be installed in such a way that the driver can easily adjust himself to the position of the seat - the height and angle of inclination. The steering wheel is created according to the principle of building the installation in karting. But here you need to strengthen and shorten the thrust.
Chassis
A wheel kit for converting special equipment into a mini tractor should consist of four wheels with a diameter of 12-14 inches.
Drawing 2 - undercarriage
Drawing 3
If you install wheels with smaller dimensions, then the mini tractor will bury itself in the ground while driving, and in the opposite case, the control will become more complicated.
Equipment running-in
After completing work on the creation of a mini tractor, you need to treat the body with an anti-corrosion agent and paint it. Next, the equipment needs to be run in, so the operator can make sure that all mechanical components are working.
Once the technique has been tested, it can be supplemented with a head light, awning, hydraulics and other devices.