Where is it better to grow cucumbers outdoors or in a greenhouse

Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse gives better results than outdoors. Indoors, there are all the conditions necessary for this: high humidity, optimal temperature, the possibility of forming.

Necessary equipment

One of the important questions for the gardener is the choice of the greenhouse and its location. The greenhouse is chosen so that it is roomy in size and provides vegetables for the whole family. The optimal ratio of volume to area is 2: 1. The height in the greenhouse should be on average 2 meters (more towards the center, less on the sides). On the ridge, the average height is 2.5 meters.

A lower height is undesirable, since cucumber lashes grow more up to 3-3.5 meters per season. And it is impractical to do above, since the air will warm up more slowly. The greenhouse must have a ventilation system. Ideally, it should be automatic.

The greenhouse is located on a flat surface or with a slight slope to the south. The same is the direction of the greenhouse: from north to south, for better illumination of the plants. A container is placed in the greenhouse in order to water the cucumbers with only warm water.

The choice of varieties for indoor

Self-pollinated or parthenocapic cucumber varieties are suitable for indoor use. Both do not need bees. Plants set fruit in greenhouses without outside interference. But the process of ovary formation itself occurs in different ways.

Self-pollinating cucumbers are cucumbers in which pollination occurs as a result of the transfer of pollen from the stamens to the pistil within a single flower. In this case, the plant has no female and male flowers, respectively, there are no barren flowers.

Parthenocapes are translated as "virgin", that is, the cucumber is tied without pollination. In adulthood, parthenocapic fruits are always distinguished by their appearance. They have practically no seeds. And if they do exist, then they are very tiny, in their infancy.

Among the self-pollinated there are varieties and hybrids. The variety differs from the hybrid in that it is a fairly stable form that transfers its basic qualities through seeds. If you buy a variety of any cucumber once, then you can plant it from year to year, collecting the seeds yourself. At the same time, its varietal characteristics will be preserved.

Currently, hybrids are more common, they are designated in names as F1. Such cucumbers do not transmit their qualities through seeds, so gardeners have to buy them every year.If this is not done, then splitting occurs in the second generation, and it is not known which particular signs will appear as a result.

Consider several popular varieties and hybrids for greenhouses and greenhouses:

• Adam F1. Dutch self-pollinated high-yielding hybrid. It is appreciated for the fact that it sets fruits very early. In just a month and a half, you can start harvesting. The second undoubted advantage is the extended fruiting period. The cucumbers are arranged 5-7 together. With insufficient care, 2-4 fruits are tied in the knot. Cucumbers grow not only beautiful in appearance: dark, small, with small thorns. They are delicious both prepared and fresh.

• Son-in-law F1. A very popular parthenocapic hybrid. He is loved for his early maturity, the first fruits appear already on the 40th day. The bouquet arrangement of the ovaries is also appreciated. Cucumbers of this hybrid are gherkin type, cylindrical in shape. They do not grow large, the growth stops at 14-16 cm. The fruits of this variety are tasty and fruitful.

• Everyone is the envy of F1. Despite the fact that this hybrid appeared relatively recently, it has already become popular among gardeners due to its super-yield and bunchy arrangement of fruits. The scourge of the variety is powerful. They develop up to frost and give an excellent yield on lateral shoots. Thin skin makes it possible to use these fruits both fresh and salted.

• Well-fed dad F1. One of the salad types for indoor. Long, even, cylindrical fruits suitable for salad and fresh consumption. This variety is not suitable for whole-fruit canning, but when preparing lecho and other blanks where cut fruits are needed, it is just right. Just like the previous ones, a variety with a bundle arrangement of ovaries, early maturing and resistant to diseases.

• Ecole F1. One of the new, very successful parthenocapic hybrids. This cucumber is suitable for those who canned pickles (greens 3-6 cm). That is why it can be plucked 35-38 days after the first shoots appear. Ekol's Zelentsy are even, cylindrical, and grow in bunches. They are harvested every day so that they do not outgrow.

• Chinese cold hardy F1. From the popular long and sweet cucumber series. It is suitable for growing in greenhouses where it is easier to tie. His whips are powerful, growing rapidly. The fruits themselves reach half a meter in length. Smooth and tasty cucumbers can be used in a salad or cut slices for the winter.

The inscriptions on the cucumber sachets "Partenocapicheskie (self-pollinated)" are incorrect. A variety or hybrid can be either this or the other. Most often, we are talking about parthenocapics.

Soil preparation

The preparatory process for planting begins with the soil. If you will be growing cucumbers through seedlings, then first you need to prepare or buy a special mixture in which you will plant the seeds.

Cucumbers are very fond of loose and fertile soil, which means that the same is needed for sowing seeds. The soil should be not only light, but also moisture-retaining, which is very important for cucumbers, who like to "drink". That is why it is better to exclude peat from the composition or use it in small quantities. Store soil, which most often has a lot of peat in its composition, begins to dry quickly at home.

Watch out for acidity, it is peat that has an acidic reaction. In order for cucumbers to develop normally, the pH level should be approximately 6.5-7.

The composition of the substrate for cucumber seedlings:

• sod land - 3 parts;
• humus or fully matured compost - 2 parts;
• sand - 1 part.

This mixture must be sieved so that there are no large parts. The mixture can be calcined in the oven for 10-20 minutes or frozen. It is best to prepare the mixture in advance in the fall and put it in a bag. Place the bag on the balcony to kill pathogenic microbes. Before sowing, add a liter of vermiculite for looseness, a glass of ash and 2 tablespoons of superphosphate to the bucket of the mixture.

Properly preparing seeds for sowing

Previously, before germination, gardeners performed a procedure such as warming the seeds. This is a long-term heating of dry seeds by heating devices at a temperature of 30-35 degrees.

Such events have a positive effect on increasing the formation of female flowers in all pumpkin seeds.

When preparing self-pollinated and parthenocapic hybrids for sowing, the seeds do not need to be warmed up, since they have no problems with the formation of barren flowers.

Nowadays, seeds are often sold that have already been processed with thiram. The information is on the packaging. At the same time, the seeds are painted in a poisonous green color as a warning about the toxicity of the applied substance. Thiram is a fungicide that is used against a variety of diseases. Such seeds are not soaked or germinated.

If you have ordinary seeds, then they need to be treated with some kind of fungicide or a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. When there are many varieties, you need to put them in gauze bags and place them in the prepared solution for 15-20 minutes.

After that, you need to rinse the seeds and start germination. Germination does not affect yield, but it avoids planting empty seeds.

Before germination, the seeds should be placed for several hours or overnight in a small amount of water to swell. The water should cover the seeds a little so that they do not "suffocate". There is no need to harden cucumbers because they lack the cold-resistance gene.

The advantages of the seedling method:

• allows you to get the result earlier than when sowing with seeds;
• the plant will grow up and get stronger in a comfortable environment;
• sorting is possible: you can see which plants develop better and which ones are worse;
• some seeds do not germinate immediately or freeze during the growth of the seedlings.

Plants of the same height will be easier to care for. The rest can be planted in a corner so that similar plants grow in one place. Such measures will allow you to get an early and healthy harvest.

Growing seedlings

In order for the cultivation of seedlings to become an advantage, you need to try to do it right. Cucumbers ready for planting should not be overgrown, strong, without signs of disease. The ideal option is 3-4 sheets.

For sowing, separate cups are taken immediately so that the root system is correctly formed. If this is not possible, then seeds are planted in the baths at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other. The seeds must be properly prepared and germinated. The sprouts are small, the so-called "beaks", so as not to break.

Before planting, the hole in which the seed is placed is spilled with hot water with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Sprinkle the cucumber seed on top with loose earth with a layer of 2 cm.

If possible, cover the container with cucumbers with a damp cloth or plastic bag for 1-3 days until the seedlings appear.

Greenhouse soil preparation

Cucumbers are very fond of loose and fertile soil. This is exactly what fertile loams are. Clay is too heavy for them, it lacks breathability. The sand is loose, but it does not hold water, and cucumbers will not grow without it. In extreme cases, sandy loam is suitable, in which you can add a little heavy clay soil to balance the composition.

In the greenhouse, you need to prepare the soil in advance. You can plant siderates immediately after harvesting vegetables, and dig up with them before frost. The best option would be mustard leaf. It disinfects the soil and enriches it with valuable trace elements.

With the onset of winter, you need to throw snow into the greenhouse so that moisture saturates the soil in spring. After all the snow has melted, they dig up the ground in the greenhouse. Wells before planting seedlings must be prepared in advance. The ideal option is warm ridges, because cucumber is a very thermophilic culture.

They can be made both in autumn and spring.If this is not possible, then humus or compost mixed with ash and double superphosphate is placed in the prepared furrows or holes: half a glass of superphosphate and a liter of ash per bucket. Then sprinkle it on 10-20 cm with loose soil.

If you change the soil in the greenhouse in the fall or spring, then you should take into account that you need to take the soil from those areas where vegetables were grown the day before that do not have common diseases with cucumbers: cabbage, onions, carrots, peppers or potatoes.

Transplanting

Seedlings are planted in the ground when the soil temperature reaches 15 ° C. This is a very important point. The air temperature in the greenhouse is important, but of secondary importance. Although any shelter for growing cucumbers should be equipped with a thermometer.

Cucumbers love warmth, especially the temperature of the soil. For objectivity, you need to take measurements in the morning. Experienced gardeners cover the place where the temperature will be measured with a board or plywood so that the place does not warm up by the sun.

A thermometer is placed under the shelter to a depth of about 20 cm and left for 15-30 minutes. So you get a fairly objective result. In order for the soil to heat up faster, you can cover it with plastic wrap, and also make a warm ridge.

But it starts working only at a certain temperature, so you first need to spill it with hot water, and then cover it with a film. To activate biofuels on cold days, you will have to do this several times before the start of the season.

We plant seedlings like this. At the beginning, we make a deepening in the hole already filled with fertilizers for the size of the root system of the cucumber. We leave the distance between future plants about 40-60 cm. Then you need to spill it with warm water with the addition of a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection.

Seedlings must be deepened to the cotyledon leaves or the first present. The soil around is compacted a little, and around you can sprinkle with dry earth.

You can additionally mulch the ridges with cucumbers to keep the soil warm.

Optimal conditions for the growth of cucumbers

Cucumbers and tomatoes are planted separately for a reason. Although some manage to get good results by growing them together. Cucumbers need special conditions for growth and a good harvest: light, heat, humidity, watering, and others. Growing conditions for cucumbers are almost the same as for all pumpkin seeds.

Watering

Cucumber is a crop very responsive to watering. It must be regular, otherwise the harvest will not be good. In dry years, it may not exist at all, since water is instantly absorbed by the soil. Watering in a greenhouse or greenhouse is necessary often, leaves should not be allowed to wilt.

This feature is associated with the structure of the root system of the cucumber. It is located close to the soil surface, so the plant does not have the ability to take water from the depth, as, for example, tomatoes do it. The condition of the plant depends on how often you water it. In hot weather, when fruits are forming, this should be done every day.

Watering by sprinkling is recommended for cucumbers. With this method, water is poured out in small drops, partially evaporating. This increases the humidity in the greenhouse, which is very important for the cucumber. The soil is gradually saturated with water, which allows the roots to better absorb moisture.

Water consumption per 1 m2 is approximately 15-25 liters per day or every other day, depending on the weather. With the formation of fruits, the water consumption increases and is 20-30 liters.

Do not pour cold water on cucumbers. It used to be said that the fruit becomes bitter from this. Now the fruits are genetically sweet, but cold water is undesirable for irrigation because it increases the likelihood of plant diseases.

Top dressing

We must not forget about feeding. The growth of cucumbers is rapid, the yields of modern hybrids are very high.For the plant to be able to "feed" them, it is necessary to apply fertilizers 1-2 times a month, literally from the first days.

Fertilizers are organic and mineral. Organic is a natural fertilizer. These include manure, green grass fertilizer, ash, chicken droppings. When growing seedlings from the listed fertilizers, only ash is used when preparing a substrate for sowing seeds.

Before planting in the ground, seedlings are fed 1-2 times with mineral fertilizers. The preference is given to nitrogen or complex with a predominance of nitrogen, because first the plant must increase the green mass and get stronger.

After planting in the ground, the cucumbers are not fed for 2 weeks until the plant finally takes root. In addition, there is usually enough food in the holes. After that, you need to start "feeding" green fertilizer, a solution of mullein, chicken droppings and ash. Potash fertilizers are added from the beginning of flowering.

Light mode

The time of entry into fruiting, as well as the yield of cucumbers, depends on the intensity of light and the length of daylight hours. The second more affects the growth of plants. Cucumbers are plants with short daylight hours, so they need 10-12 hours a day to fully develop. During the period of growing seedlings, this is equally important. If there is not enough light, then create conditions for a 10-hour daylight hours using artificial lighting.

Temperature

Cucumber is a very thermophilic culture. If it's cold outside, you can't expect good harvests. In addition, the plants will be weakened, which will increase the incidence of diseases. The greenhouse should be kept at an average temperature of 17 ° C. But at first after sowing, the temperature should be 25-28 degrees.

This is why cucumbers are best grown at home first. Severe cold snaps negatively affect growth. But too high temperatures are harmful to a cucumber.

If on hot days the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30C, then you need to ventilate and spray the plant to reduce the temperature.

Humidity

Cucumber has an increased need for air humidity. For cucumbers, this rate is 85-95%. Compared to peppers, the difference is very big. Peppers have a moisture requirement of 60-65%. At low humidity, the process of pollination and fruit setting is significantly reduced.

Of the greenhouse crops, cucumber is perhaps the most moisture-demanding crop.

Airing

At first, when the cucumber seedlings are still small, you need to ventilate the rooms where they grow very carefully. Cucumbers do not tolerate drafts at all. And in the greenhouse it is imperative to ventilate, especially when the thermometer rises above 30C.

The vents are opened only on one side so that there are no drafts.

Bush formation

In order for the cucumbers to give a bountiful harvest and bear fruit for a long time, you need to properly form the plant. There are a lot of opinions on this, but the overwhelming majority believe that formation is needed.

Topping

Pinch the cucumber lashes as follows:

• the first 40-50 cm - "blind" the shoots completely;
• the next 40-50 cm is pinched over the first sheet;
• the next 40-50 cm above the second;
• then 40-50 cm above the third;
• etc.

Some gardeners cut off the mustache to save the energy of the plant. For the same purpose, not all ovaries are left, some are removed. If it is noticed that with bundle formation of fruits, some do not have enough nutrition and they begin to dry, then one fruit is left in the sinuses. Watering and feeding in this case is increased.

It turns out such a "herringbone" on the contrary. At the end of growth, under the roof of the plant, the fruit is already tied freely. Some pinch the whip under the roof so that it does not waste energy on growth. All potential is spent on fruit formation.

It is noticed that without pinching, the yield is significantly reduced.

Stepping

Pickling on cucumbers is appropriate only when the stepsons are removed at the beginning of growth, half a meter above the soil surface. It is not necessary to do this above, since many large ovaries are located precisely on the lateral shoots. The meaning of pinching is that the forces of the plant are released for further growth and development.

For this procedure, the leaf is carefully folded back and the shoot is removed with a cloth or knives. In the future, the leaves at the bottom of the lash dry out and the main stem is bare. There are many root rudiments on it. If you lay the stem in a ring, then very quickly roots will begin to grow in this place and the cucumber will have additional nutrition.

Tying

Cucumbers are tied up in a greenhouse for the following reasons:

• plants in this position are better illuminated by the sun;
• lashes are ventilated and cucumbers get sick less;
• it is easier to care for them;
• plants are not intertwined;
• almost 100% of flowers and ovaries are preserved;
• watering and loosening are simplified;
• good visibility when picking fruits.

You need to start tying the plant at the age of one month, when its growth reaches 30-40 cm. There are several types of materials from which ropes for cucumbers are prepared. Everyone chooses the best option for himself. For some it is rags, for some it is nylon. Someone stops at synthetic twines, which are sold in hardware stores.

The length of one twine is 2-2.5 meters. One end is fixed to the ceiling, and the other should go down freely. The lower end is neatly attached between the lower leaves. As it grows, the lash is wrapped clockwise around the twine.

Harvesting

Oddly enough, the regularity of the harvest affects the harvest itself. If the cucumbers are not picked on time, then they grow and develop further. The plant spends nutrients on them. Especially a lot of microelements are spent on the formation of seeds.

Therefore, the greens are collected when they reach a size of 10-15 cm. They are cut off carefully, holding the whip with one hand so as not to damage it.

During the period when plants begin to bear fruit in large quantities, cucumbers are harvested every 1-2 days, depending on the area of ​​the greenhouse.

All diseased, dry and crooked fruits are removed without waiting for them to grow, as they deplete the plant.

Diseases and pests

For the growth of cucumbers, a humid and warm microclimate is needed. But it is precisely such an environment that promotes the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms. And this can cause a number of diseases.

For prophylaxis, the greenhouse is thoroughly washed in spring using various non-aggressive detergents. For example, you can use laundry soap. For additional disinfection in a greenhouse or greenhouse, a sulfur stick is used.

She successfully fights against fungal diseases and mold.

Before using in the greenhouse, not only the vents and doors are carefully closed, but also the cracks. Smoke from a sulfuric bombs can penetrate even where other means cannot penetrate. And in order not to bring disease along with the soil, it is taken for the greenhouse only where pumpkin crops have not grown for 3-4 years. Additionally, you can spill the soil with a weak solution of copper sulfate.

Cucumbers are not a very demanding crop. They grow well indoors, subject to the basic rules of planting, watering, feeding. With good care in summer cottages, you can collect 5 or more kilograms of cucumbers per square meter. Considering that most of the fruits are plucked in the gherkin state, this is not a bad result.

Cucumbers are a popular vegetable in our country, so every gardener, regardless of the size of the plot, likes to grow cucumbers in his garden. But even with the same climatic characteristics, the yield is different for everyone. The whole secret lies in the care when growing cucumbers, it is necessary to plant according to the rules.

If you follow the correct agricultural techniques, plant according to the advice regarding predecessor crops and take care of it properly, then getting a good harvest even from seeds will not be difficult for a beginner.

Basic requirements for growing cucumbers in the open field

In general, caring for a culture cannot be called difficult, but taking into account the climate of regional characteristics, there are many nuances that you need to know.

The basic requirements for growing cucumbers include:

• to plant are selected only healthy seeds, trained;
• the soil to sow must be loose and slightly acidic;
• planting of seeds and seedlings is carried out at a strictly allotted time in compliance with the temperature regime;
• during the growing season 3-4 weeding and loosening soil;
• the beds are regularly watered with warm water (10-14 liters per 1 m2);
• fertilizers and fertilizing are introduced according to the schedule, the rates of nutrient consumption cannot be changed;
• the beds should be located on the sunny side, but not in a draft;
• when planting seedlings, avoid thickening;
• timely control the condition of plants and the degree of soil moisture;
• in case of identified problems, instantly carry out the processing of the culture.

Cucumber beds should be located on the north side

Growing methods

There are quite a few options for growing greenery. Among the most well-known methods: in the open field, in a greenhouse, on a balcony, in a barrel, etc.

When cultivating a vegetable in open beds, the method of seeding and planting seedlings is used.

How to plant seeds in the garden

It is necessary to sow seeds at certain temperature indicators, otherwise seedlings may not appear. An important point is soil and seed preparation... The quality of the work performed depends not only on how they can germinate, but also on the intensity of the development of seedlings.

After the formation of 3-4 leaves, the frequent bed is thinned out, leaving the strongest seedlings. At the stage of germination and growth of shoots, it is important to ensure sufficient moisture, good light and fertilization with any nutrientshelping the plant to grow.

Seedlings

The seedling method is used to obtain early harvest and in order to protect young shoots from spring frosts. Saplings grown in greenhouses or at home are transferred to the garden when they are already strong. Their root system, although weak, takes root quickly in a new environment.

It is important not to damage the sensitive root when transferring seedlings to the hole.

Before planting sprouts in open ground must be adapted on the street, a sharp change in habitat and temperature can destroy them.

The lashes can be placed in the spreading and on the trellis. Depending on the method chosen, the spacing between bushes and rows must be observed. In the absence of a garter, there should be enough room for the stems to spread over the garden.

Garter cucumbers on a trellis net

Where is it better to plant cucumbers to get a good harvest

The culture is native to India, so a hot, humid climate is ideal for it. The very structure of the whip indicates the need for a garter on the trellis.

The garden bed arranged in this way is protected from fungal infections with an abundance of rains and from the scorching rays of the sun. The fruits find shade under the massive leaves of the plant. However, it is worth remembering that the scorching sun is also dangerous for cucumbers, burns may appear on the greenery.

Given the climatic features, it is necessary to provide partial shading of bushes or partial shade. This is easy to do by planting corn, sunflower or undersized grapes in the aisle area. Diffused light will be more beneficial to the plant.

With all the love for moisture, you should not choose a site in the lowlands for sowing cucumbers. With heavy rainfall and a high level of groundwater, plants are threatened with fungal diseases due to waterlogging.Much better is a place on a hill, where it is much easier to control the degree of soil moisture.

Preparing the land for planting

It is better to prepare a place for a cucumber garden in advance in order to exclude unpleasant surprises.

Digging up the beds in the fall is a mandatory procedure

At the end of the season from the site all plant residues and debris are removed... For larvae of pests and other microorganisms, they are of great interest. In such an environment, the parasites hibernate and by the spring they are already replenishing the colonies with a new generation.

To eliminate this possibility, it is recommended in addition to cleaning be sure to dig up the ground (immersion depth at least 25 cm). It is better to do this just before the frost, to prevent the parasites from finding new shelter. Also, autumn work includes the introduction of fertilizers to increase soil fertility. This process can be combined with digging.

In the spring area dug up again and necessarily disinfected... To do this, use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or boiling water.

Cucumbers respond very well to this type of fertilizer such as manure... It can be administered both in autumn and spring 2-3 weeks before disembarkation (8-10 kg per 1 m2). To stimulate the growth of young shoots, nitrogen and potassium-phosphorus substances (25 g of potassium salt, 40 g of superphosphate) are introduced into the soil.

To protect cucumbers from pests, the soil is treated with Aktellik before planting.

In the process of preparing the soil for the new season, in order to prevent it, it is necessary to treat the future bed with wood ash or special preparations that protect the bushes from pests (Fitoverm, Aktellik).

How to plant in soil

Growing greenery using seeds provides for the observance of the following rules:

• sowing time is selected taking into account the favorable temperature conditions (late May - early June);
• seeds must be processed before planting;
• the soil should be disinfected and fertilized;
• the beds are best positioned from east to west;
• landing pattern - 20x100 or 60x80 (depending on the cultivation method);
• the depth of immersion of seeds is 2-3 cm.

Seedling growing rules:

• the seed must be prepared (sorting, soaking, disinfecting);
• soil is also needed disinfect and enrich with nutrients;
• it is ideal to use a substrate of sod land, mullein and humus for cultivating seedlings (2: 1: 7);
• to fertilize the soil, substances are introduced (30 g of ammonium nitrate or urea, 20 g of superphosphate, 6 g of potassium salt, 30 g of lime per bucket of soil);
• temperature regime after sowing - 12-15 degrees; after the seedlings had time to ascend, at first, for several days, 20-25 degrees are observed, then the temperature is reduced - in the daytime to 20-22 degrees, at night to 15 degrees;
• 10 days after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are fed with slurry (1: 1) with the addition of 20 g of superphosphate per bucket of mixture;
• a week before transferring shoots to open ground, spend daily outdoor hardening;
• for prophylaxis, seedlings are treated with epin or immunocytophyte.

Proper seedling care

The rules for caring for a cucumber bed are very clear. Among the main conditions - creating a humid environment... This is regulated by watering.

Ideal for seedling care sprinkling or drip irrigation... The use of a hose can damage fragile roots with a strong jet. A small area can be spilled with a spray bottle. The water norm per 1 m2 is 10-14 liters.

Regularity of procedures - 1 time in 7 days with average air humidity, 1 time in 5 days at temperatures over 28 degrees.

To water the beds, only warm settled water is used. The use of cold liquid negatively affects the development of the plant.

When caring for cucumber seedlings, it is ideal to use drip irrigation

The intensity of development and the formation of a large lash requires a lot of nutrition, so it is impossible to ignore the feeding regime. After the first shoots appear on the surface of the soil, first feeding: 10 g of potassium salt, 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 30 g of superphosphate are taken for 10 liters of water.

The second feeding the garden bed is enriched after 2 weeks, doubling the amount of dissolved fertilizers. When applying fertilizers, contact between the working solution and the green part of the crop should be avoided.

To protect cucumbers from decay and pests, it is recommended to periodically carry out weeding... This procedure is usually combined with loosening, which provides free access of oxygen to the soil and prevents the formation of stagnant moisture in the soil. The first weeding is done after the formation of 4-5 leaves on the shoots.

Spring weather is often unpredictable, so after sowing the garden covered with film or agrofiber.

The film needs to be removed during the day, and the shelter must be restored again at night. So late frosts will not cause the death of seedlings.

Based on the information provided, we can conclude that it is not difficult to create favorable conditions for growing cucumbers. Timely prevention will prevent damage to the plant by pests and various diseases. And thanks to complementary foods and irrigation, cucumbers will be endowed with high taste.

Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse will allow you to get the maximum yield from this crop. Cucumbers bear fruit well even in the open field, in a greenhouse or greenhouse their yield increases significantly. This is due to the fact that in the greenhouse you can create an optimal microclimate, protect plantings from climatic imperfections, and control the amount of moisture and heat. If at the same time they are planted with seedlings, and not seeds, properly watered and pinched on time, then cucumbers will respond to such care with gratitude, which will significantly increase the profitability of their cultivation.

Greenhouse space

The result of its use directly depends on the correct choice of the place for the greenhouse, as well as its size. Novice gardeners do not always attach due importance to these factors, but in vain. To put a greenhouse on the site is half the battle, to put it right is what the skill is.

Before choosing a place, you need to determine how the site is located in relation to the cardinal points. The future greenhouse must be reliably protected from the north and north-east winds. If there are no fences and barriers on the leeward side, they must be erected. It is enough to install a fence or a decorative wattle fence.

The area under the greenhouse itself should be flat. If there is a slight slope to the south, it is not scary. If the slope looks to the north, it is better to level it if possible or install the greenhouse at the highest possible elevation. It should be remembered that in addition to heat, plants also need a sufficient amount of sun.

As for the size of the greenhouse, this is not an idle question either. The number of plantings depends on its area, and the maintenance of the microclimate, primarily the optimum temperature, depends on the volume. The best ratio in this case is the volume, twice the area. In other words, if the greenhouse has an area of ​​6 m2, then its volume should be approximately 12 m3.

Soil preparation

If the planting of cucumbers in a greenhouse or greenhouse is done for the first time, then the soil undergoes initial preparation. It is produced in autumn and consists in enriching the soil with lime, organic fertilizers and minerals. They must be distributed over the surface of the soil, and then carefully dig it up. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizers cannot be added, since they are applied only during the preparation of the soil in the spring.

With the onset of spring, it is necessary to start applying nitrogen fertilizers and carefully digging up the soil.During this period, it is important to saturate the soil with oxygen as much as possible. If no preparation has been made since autumn, manure can also be added. Only in this case you will have to use a thermally disinfected one.

Advice

To better retain moisture in the soil, you should mix sawdust into it - this will allow moisture to be better retained, and the plants will not need to be watered too often.

If you have to plant cucumbers in a greenhouse, where a crop was previously grown, then additional measures must be taken to prepare the soil. In this case, in the fall, it is necessary not only to completely remove all the remaining parts of the plants, but also to remove about 5 cm of soil from the top layer of the soil in order to prevent the defeat of cucumbers by bacteria and various pathogens that have survived in it. Then fill the missing volume with new fertile soil.

Before planting cucumbers, beds are formed. Their size, number and direction depend on the size of the greenhouse. A balance must be struck between such concepts as cost-effectiveness and convenience. The spacing between the rows should be sufficient to allow the plants to be cared for.

Planting cucumbers in the greenhouse

It should be noted that a polycarbonate greenhouse can be an excellent tool for growing vegetables all year round, giving a rich constant harvest. Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse or an unheated film greenhouse will not give such a result. The use of polycarbonate as a material for greenhouses made it possible to provide vegetables with comfortable conditions all year round, not only in a temperate climate, but also in the Urals and Siberia.

First of all, you need to choose a variety suitable for growing in greenhouses. Among them, one can distinguish such varieties as Herman, Zozulya, Shchedrik, Sharzh, etc. Shchedrik is early ripening and suitable for planting at any time of the year, Herman belongs to the gherkin type and has small but very tasty fruits. Zozulya is a hybrid characterized by early ripening. Good care of these varieties of cucumbers allows you to get a rich harvest.

Having acquired the seeds of the variety you like, you need to grow seedlings. For this, the seeds are germinated as usual. Seedling care can be carried out both at home and directly in the greenhouse, if conditions permit. After 25 days after emergence, seedlings can be planted in the ground. It should be noted that the time at which you can plant cucumbers depends on the type of greenhouse.

Advice

It is undesirable to plant cucumbers in a greenhouse immediately with seeds, since this will greatly slow down the ripening period.

An important role is also played by the distance at which cucumbers are planted from each other. Landing technology requires adherence to a certain interval. To some extent, this depends on the variety and on the size of the bush - all the features of each must be taken into account.

When planting with ribbons, the following averaged norms are usually observed:

• the distance between the specimens is 20 cm;
• distance between rows - 50 cm;
• the distance between the ribbons is 80 cm.

This is an approximate scheme for planting cucumbers in a greenhouse, including polycarbonate. This technology is optimal because it does not interfere with the care of the plant and does not reduce profitability. The interval between the ribbons should be comfortable for the gardener, so that he can water the beds, apply top dressing, loosen and cultivate the soil, and between the rows and from each bush - sufficient for full lighting.

For planting cucumbers in the ground, it is necessary to make small holes in the garden bed, observing the interval between them. Water is first poured into the hole, then the roots of the plant are lowered into it along with the earth. From above, everything is covered with soil. It is no longer necessary to water at this moment. The final stage is soil mulching.

Planting care

Leaving traditionally consists in timely feeding, and, if necessary, remedies for a particular disease.In addition, it is necessary to carry out pinching, and, of course, loosen and water the beds. In addition to this, it is necessary to periodically carry out the formation of each bush, remove diseased leaves, especially with a sign of a disease of a fungal nature.

Caring for cucumbers in a greenhouse is not much different from the same process when grown outdoors. Grown-up specimens also need support. In polycarbonate greenhouses, a rope is usually pulled at the maximum height along the tape or the yarn is fixed. From this yard, a string is pulled to each plant, one end of which is freely attached to the stem. As it grows, the plant twists around the support.

It is necessary to ensure that one stem is formed at the cucumber bush, the branching should be pinched, and pinching should be carried out regularly. All this increases the amount of the harvest. Grasshopping is the removal of excess shoots. If you take care of cucumbers correctly, then you need to save the strength of the plant, sufficient to support the stem and the necessary leaves, and spend the rest on the harvest. It is for this that pinching is carried out.

When growing cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse, they must be watered regularly, since rainfall in this case does not play any role. In this case, top dressing is applied in the same way as on unprotected soil. Diseases and pests are the same, therefore, the features of the fight against them are identical. The secrets of growing vegetables in polycarbonate greenhouses are mainly in the fact that the rules for airing and watering are observed, and fertilizing is applied after the required period of time.

Some features

Despite the fact that the agricultural technology of growing cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse is not much different from agricultural technology in all other cases, there are still some secrets. For example, feeding is made taking into account the fact that the microclimate in the greenhouse is created artificially. Therefore, the balance of the composition of the soil depends only on the gardener. The lack or excess of any element can be determined by the appearance of the plant, determining which fertilizer to apply and which fertilizing is not yet needed.

Care may in some cases differ depending on the variety of cucumbers, since each of them has a stem and bush shape of a different height. Some varieties are more likely to be pinned, some require more active feeding. The requirements of the German variety, for example, differ somewhat from the preferences of the Zozulya variety. In addition, Zozulya is a complex hybrid, it has its own nuances.

Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse in winter adds additional points to the list of care measures, first of all, compliance with the temperature regime. In winter, fertilizing is usually made more often, since the plant needs to expend more energy. But it does not have to be watered so intensively, because moisture does not evaporate through the often open doors, respectively, it can stagnate, provoking various diseases.

Despite some hassle, growing vegetables in polycarbonate greenhouses is very profitable. If you alternate one variety with another, combine different crops, you can harvest a new crop every couple of months. For example, cucumber varieties such as Zozulya and German are very productive, especially when grown in greenhouses. If the vegetables are properly watered, pinched, the profitability of such an activity will not be in doubt. This is one of the most profitable activities.

Cucumber is one of the most popular vegetables. You don't have to build a greenhouse to grow it. Growing cucumbers in the open field, subject to a number of conditions, can bring a rich harvest.

Cucumber growing technology: basic subtleties

All plants require moisture, warmth, light and nutrients. Of course, there are some crops that may well grow without one of these components.However, cucumber is a rather demanding vegetable in this sense.

Below are the main conditions for growing a good harvest:

1. The main thing is warmth. The minimum temperature should be at least 12 degrees. In this case, the cucumbers will grow normally. Before sowing seeds, the temperature of the soil must be measured. You can also use folk signs. Experienced summer residents know that the best time for sowing is when acacia and lilacs are blooming. It is from this moment that you can start planting cucumbers. Growing and nursing in the open field is significantly different from similar processes in a greenhouse.
2. In case of insufficient heating, the cucumber may grow poorly. However, the lack of light will not negatively affect the plant. The bush will stretch, the foliage will dry out, and there is no need to talk about the taste of cucumbers. Therefore, it is better to choose a well-lit place for disembarkation.
3. The technology of growing cucumbers in the open field provides for several periods of plant development. There are times when vegetables should be watered abundantly, and there are times when large amounts of moisture can adversely affect the harvest. In the first time after planting, the plant requires generous watering. It is then that the vegetable begins to gain vegetative mass. When watering, you need to know the measure, otherwise the water will stagnate and cause rotting of the stems. After the buds appear, you need to reduce watering. This little trick will help you get better development. In the subsequent time, it is necessary to gradually increase watering. When the first greens begin to appear on the hinges, it should be maximum.
4. Experienced gardeners know some of the secrets of growing cucumbers in the open field. One of them is related to irrigation technology. The water should be between 20 and 25 degrees. Watering cucumbers is best in the late evening. When watering, you must try not to fall on the foliage. If this rule is violated, the plant may "get sick". In this case, the quality of the fruit will noticeably deteriorate.
5. Particular attention should be paid to nutrients. Manure or compost is best for fertilizing cucumbers. The choice in this case depends solely on the gardener. It must be taken into account that fresh manure can harm the roots of the plant. The manure contains a large number of weeds and infections. These nutritional supplements are best used in a slightly rotted form. Since manure is a highly concentrated fertilizer, it should only be used as a supplement. The most harmless and versatile fertilizer is compost.
6. As for minerals, it is best to bring them to the cucumbers in the form of a solution. This is due to the special sensitivity of the plant roots. The best way to provide nutrients is feeding.

Growing methods

The most popular among Russian summer residents is the seedling method. It allows you to shorten the sowing time and get an early harvest. Growing cucumbers in the open field in this way also has its drawbacks. Roots can be seriously damaged during transplanting. To solve this problem, you can use a simple method, namely growing seedlings in peat pots. Subsequently, you can transplant the plant outdoors directly into them.

There are other ways to grow cucumbers outdoors. A warm bed is considered one of the most effective. For its arrangement, it is necessary to dig a small trench and fill it with unripe manure or compost. A mixture of these components is also suitable. All this is sprinkled on top with a layer of earth. This is where the seeds need to be sown. The manure and compost will continue to rot and thus create heat that will warm the garden bed. One of the varieties of this method is considered to be planting in a barrel. The vessel is filled from below with rotting organic matter, on top of which a layer of soil is laid.

This method has a number of advantages:

• allows you to save space at the summer cottage;
• helps to avoid the unpleasant consequences of frost;
• creates the most favorable conditions for growing cucumbers;
• provides convenience for plant care.

Old glasses are more suitable for fit. At the bottom and sides, it is necessary to make holes for draining water, as well as improving ventilation of the root system.

Recently, growing of cucumbers on a trellis in the open field has become more and more popular. This is a fairly convenient way, since it allows you to provide the most optimal conditions for plant growth and development. Let's consider it in more detail.

Technology of growing cucumbers on a trellis

There are many methods that you can use to plant cucumbers. The agrotechnology of growing in open ground on a trellis has become quite widespread. This is due to a number of advantages, which include rational use of the area, ease of maintenance, improving the quality of the crop, creating the most comfortable conditions in terms of ventilation and lighting. It has long been known that cucumbers planted in this way are less susceptible to disease.

Trellis design

Today you can find several design options. The most convenient option is considered to be made in the form of a wall. To arrange it, you need to drive in the racks on both sides of the garden bed and pull the net between them. You can also drive several supports along the row and pull the cord over them. Thus, the vertical cultivation of cucumbers in the open field is carried out.

Double trellis are considered another popular type of tapestry. In this case, the structure is erected simultaneously for two breasts. Such a trellis must be of high strength. Usually it is arranged in fairly long rows with a large mass of cucumber lashes.

You can also arrange a trellis in the form of a tent. Outwardly, this method looks quite effective. It is great for small areas. In addition, such designs have a rather unusual appearance and will certainly attract attention.

The options for arranging the trellis can also include the joint cultivation of tall plants with cucumbers, such as sunflowers or corn. They will serve as support and protection for heat-loving plants. This method provides several advantages at once. Firstly, the work of the gardener is greatly facilitated. Secondly, in this case, you can harvest two crops at once from one garden bed. It is worth remembering that you can create a "living support" only if the soil on the site is fertile enough. Indeed, in this case, the nutrients should be enough for two plants at once. It is also worth remembering the mandatory use of root or foliar dressings.

Another important point that you should pay attention to is the period for arranging the trellis. It must be erected before the cucumber stalks begin to lay down. Otherwise, you risk disturbing the shoots. It is necessary to create supports when the cucumber sprouts rise by about 10 cm.

Features of growing cucumbers in the open field

This may seem unusual to many, but in fact, the cucumber belongs to the family of pumpkin plants. Cucumbers are usually eaten unripe. The vegetable has excellent taste characteristics. This is a dietary product that, in addition to everything, has a number of medicinal properties.

Cucumber is 98 percent water. It contains a large amount of vitamins and nutrients. If history is to be believed, culture originated about 6,000 years ago. Cucumber appeared in India. It was brought to Europe by merchants who did business in those places. In our country, the cucumber first appeared in the 15th century. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the technology of cultivation in the open field with soil heating began to be used. At the end of the 18th century, the first greenhouses appeared in Russia.Greenhouses with pine forest heating and glass frames began to be used only in the 19th century. In the middle of the past, with the advent of polymer film, a kind of revolution took place in horticulture. This material made it possible to quickly create shelters and greenhouses, which, in turn, simplified the process of growing cucumbers.

Cucumber: useful qualities

The vitamins and nutrients that cucumber contains have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. The vegetable is a source of minerals and also has medicinal properties. It has a laxative, choleretic and diuretic effect on the body. It is also used for cosmetic purposes to create anti-acne and anti-aging products. Long-term consumption of cucumbers in food has a beneficial effect on the condition of the thyroid gland. The vegetable contains potassium and iodine. In addition, cucumber contains B vitamins, so it is recommended to eat it in the presence of diseases of the nervous system. The fiber contained in cucumbers helps to cleanse the body. In addition, it neutralizes the harmful effects of toxins. However, cucumber is not useful for everyone. It is not recommended for people suffering from gastritis and kidney failure.

Varieties

Conventionally, all varieties of cucumbers can be divided into three categories:

• greenhouse: smooth, can be up to 30 cm in length;
• garden beds: they reach 10-15 cm in length;
• gherkins: grow no longer than 10 cm.

Cucumbers with white thorns are usually used for salads and fresh consumption. For pickling, varieties with black spines are more suitable. Many gardeners recommend Herman cucumbers. Growing in the open field of this variety allows you to achieve a rich harvest.

Seed preparation

After choosing a variety, you can start harvesting seeds. It is better to warm them up and germinate them before planting. Heat treatment can reduce the risk of diseases in the plant. This procedure is best done a couple of months before planting. The seeds are hung near a heat source in gauze. The day before sowing, the seeds are placed in water at room temperature so that they germinate. Then you can start planting.

Growing seedlings

Growing cucumbers in the open field in the Moscow region is very popular. But to get a good harvest, you will have to seriously try. If you prefer to use seedlings, then the soil in which you plan to plant them should be identical in composition to the one in which the seedlings were grown. To prepare it, it is best to use sawdust and peat. Before preparing the soil, add a tablespoon of saltpeter to the sawdust, mix and insist for three days. Then the resulting mixture must be moistened and kept for two more days. This is done so that the soil is properly saturated with fertilizer. Only in this case will the plant be able to receive all the substances necessary for growth.

The prepared soil must be distributed among the pots. After that, it is poured with a solution prepared from 10 liters of water, copper, manganese, zinc salts (each component must be taken in 0.08 grams) and 0.02 grams of boric acid. In each pot, you need to make a hole and put a sprouted seed. It is lightly sprinkled with earth on top. Experienced gardeners recommend covering the pots with plastic. In this case, moisture will not evaporate from the surface. After the first shoots appear, the film should be removed.

How to make a garden bed correctly?

Many people today are interested in how to plant Courage cucumbers correctly. Outdoor cultivation can produce good results. The plant also needs good lighting, high humidity and proper care. The first step is to prepare the garden bed. Usually they begin to do this in the fall. To grow cucumbers, you need to dig a strip 30 cm deep and 70 cm wide. The length is determined by the size of the area that you are going to allocate for planting.A small depression is made in the center of the bed, into which grass, leaves, sawdust and peat lie. In this state, they are left until spring. With the onset of heat, 15 cm of manure and fertile soil are placed on the bottom. After that, it is necessary to pour the prepared solution onto the garden bed. It consists of a liter of wood ash, 10 grams of potassium salt, 20 grams of superphosphate and manganese solution. After that, the ground is watered abundantly and covered with foil.

Conclusion

And so how is the cultivation and care of cucumbers in the open field? With the observance of planting technology and proper care, you can achieve a rich harvest. If you want to get a positive result, be sure to study what conditions you need to create for the plants.