Where, when and how are seedlings grown for spring greenhouses

Pros of greenhouse cultivation

1. Getting an early harvest, early or mid-summer.
2. The ability to sow seeds of different crops and species, not limited to the peculiarities of the local climate.
3. Growing your own seedlings in large quantities, which significantly saves the family budget.
4. Resistance to late blight.
5. Independent of weather conditions.

If the greenhouse is well equipped and heated, then it is possible to grow vegetables for a whole year, which gives an additional plus. How to grow seedlings in a greenhouse, we will consider further.

Choice of crops

From the point of view of gardeners, the greatest flowers are popular, then descending greens, vegetables, mushrooms and berries.

Flowers

Indoor or garden flowers can be grown in the greenhouse. For garden flowers, it is no longer the conditions that are important, but the timing of their implementation. After cutting them marketable condition is sharply declining... Indoor plants require much more attention and individual conditions and care, but they have a long implementation time.

Greens

Greens much easier to grow. You can plant dill, parsley, green onions and cilantro both for yourself and for sale. Planting seedlings of greenery in a greenhouse, high costs and hassle does not require, but the market is in demand all year round. The main care includes maintaining a certain temperature and mandatory additional lighting up to 12-14 hours.

Due to the fact that it takes very little time to ripen a green culture, from 4 to 10 crops can be harvested per year.

Vegetables

The disadvantages of greenhouse cultivation for vegetables can be attributed only to the fact that not all crops can grow together, since the requirements for soil and temperature conditions for vegetables are different.

What is profitable to grow?

• Radish and Chinese cabbage - unpretentious crops, but the main advantage is that they give several harvests a year.
• Cucumbers.Takes up more space than Chinese cabbage, but at the same time are more expensive and more in demand.
• Tomatoes and bell peppers. These cultures require a special attitude and competent care. Growing more than two crops per year is difficult given the long growing season.
• Mushrooms and berries... This direction can significantly expand the source of income for the farmer, if the cultivation of strawberries or mushrooms is organized correctly.

Greenhouse options

Greenhouses are divided into types depending on the material from which the frame is made and the coating used.

Film

Pros:

• the cheapest option;
• ease of constructionthat does not require special skills;
• no need for a foundation.

Minuses:

• fragility and the need to update every year coating;
• frame, unable to exist for more than two seasons.

Reinforced film is more durable and resistant to wind, snow and frost.

Glass

To cover greenhouses glass is an excellent material, thanks to high light transmittance and thermal insulation.

The disadvantages of glass greenhouses include:

• fragility of the glass coating;
• excessive heating inside the greenhousethat negatively affects the development of some cultures;
• labor intensity of glazing;
• glass requires a very strong frame.

Polycarbonate

This is relatively new material, which is gaining popularity due to its serious advantage over glass and film.

• polycarbonate is stronger than film and glass coatings;
• light weight of the material;
• good light transmission and thermal insulation;
• polycarbonate the coating is durable;
• easy installation and attractive modern look.

The sizes of greenhouses can be different depending on the goals and the scale of the seedlings grown in them. For individual use it is quite a structure with a size of 3x8 is suitable... Height, width and length can vary according to needs and the number of plants planted.

If growing in a greenhouse is needed for business purposes, then 20x5 meters is what you need. But here the sizes can be much larger, based on the scale of the greenhouse business and the crops grown.

Greenhouse location

When choosing a place, where will the greenhouse be installed, the following factors should be considered:

1. Features of the local landscape... This refers to the slopes, the level of groundwater, the proximity of water bodies.
2. Placement of a building relative to the light... For successful cultivation of seedlings in a greenhouse, it is worth making sure that nothing interferes with the direct access of sunlight to the greenhouse. Therefore, you should not place it near houses, trees and a fence.
3. Convenient location... To care for plants, communications, a convenient entrance and an access road will be required.
4. The soil... If possible, in order to do without imported soil, the soil in the place of the greenhouse should be selected with special care.

Landing dates

Seedlings for the greenhouse - when to plant? Clear certain timing planting seedlings in a greenhouse No... It all depends on a number of factors such as:

• optimal soil conditions and air temperature in the greenhouse;
• individual performance of each culture;
• seedling readiness indicators, which is usually determined by the color of leaves and stems;
• cold resistance of different varieties, which indicates resistance to temperature extremes.

Planting seedlings in a polycarbonate greenhouse is done a little earlier, due to the design features and the absence of drafts.

If the greenhouse is unheated, then can be planted in April:

• Greens
• Chinese cabbage
• Salad
• Radish

The rest of the crops are planted under the following conditions:

Cucumbers and eggplants will not slow down their development when the soil warms up to 18 ° C during the day and 16 ° C at night. Tomatoes and peppers are more cold-resistant, 15 ° С during the day and 14 ° С at night are enough for them. When to sow seedlings for the greenhouse? Approximate dates for planting seedlings in a greenhouse, in central Russia:

• Tomatoes - May 1-10;
• Cucumbers - May 10-15;
• Eggplant - early June;
• Pepper - end of May.

General recommendations for planting seedlings are temperature measurement not only of airbut also soil.

A common mistake of novice gardeners is to control only the air temperature in the greenhouse, without taking into account the heating of the soil.

Seedling age for transplant

When to plant seedlings for planting in a greenhouse?

Cucumbers will tolerate landing well at the age of 20-23 days... You can understand that the plant is ready for transplanting by the presence of two or three leaves.

Tomatoes must stand in cups not less than 45 days... Mature seedlings have a well-developed stem 30 cm high, a root system, from 6 true leaves and, if possible, a flower race.

Age threshold for peppers at least 70 days... The finished seedling of peppers looks like this: 8 leaves, 25 cm in height and flower buds.

Eggplant forms flower buds usually after planting in a permanent place. You can understand the readiness of the plant by the thick stem and 6-7 leaves. Seedling age about 50 days.

Care and landing

How to grow seedlings in a greenhouse? Care begins with preparation for disembarkation. For this seedlings are hardened in two weeks... If the plants grow on the windowsill, then open the window and keep it for a long time. With the onset of sunny days cups with seedlings are taken out into the airgradually increasing the number of hours.

The ready-to-transplant plant has a slightly purple tint to the stem and leaves.

Pre-prepared holes in the greenhouse are spilled with water so that there is a semblance of liquid mud. If the seedlings are well formed, then they should not be deeply buried. This should only be done if the plants are overgrown or elongated. Watering is not necessary immediately to avoid crusting on the surface. The soil should be mulched, and the layer should be about 5 cm.

A certain humidity is maintained in the greenhouse due to the greenhouse effect, therefore daily watering will be unnecessary... Leaves that touch the ground must be removed.

Sowing seedlings in the greenhouse should not be too thick so that the plants do not interfere with each other. Ideally, each leaf will be illuminated by sunlight.

First two weeks you only need to maintain the temperature and loosen the soil in time. Watering resumes after 1.5–2 weeks. Water for irrigation should not be cold.

Water should be abundant and infrequent.... When the first ovary appears, water it twice every 7 days and in small portions. After three weeks, the first feeding is done. The fertilizer composition depends on the type of the planted crop.

For all the apparent complexity, growing seedlings in a greenhouse for yourself, and with a competent approach and for sale, is quite real. The main thing, follow all generally accepted rules and standards for the care of greenhouse plants.

Greens to your table

Perhaps not everyone knows that there is a technology that allows you to grow crops without soil, solely on artificial nutrition that surrounds their root system. They call it hydroponics - that's what this publication will be about.

What is the essence of technology

The essence of this technology lies in the fact that in the root zone such a regime of plant feeding is created, capable of providing them with carbon dioxide and nutrients in the concentration that will be most optimal for photosynthesis.

Carbohydrates in plants are formed through photosynthesis

Advantages

The hydroponic method of growing crops has continuous advantages:

• Thanks to the regulation of daylight hours and humidity, you can get excellent harvests in a short time;

A bountiful harvest several times a year is the dream of any gardener

• A lower level of labor costs compared to the traditional cultivation option - also due to the absence of the need to control weeds;
• The process of feeding plants is automated, but no super-complex systems are used;
• Several crops can be harvested during the year - while the consumption of substances and water necessary for plant nutrition is significantly reduced.

Note: Conserving water is very important in arid regions. Therefore, in many southern countries, most of the total amount of vegetables is grown in this way. In Russia, it is not that there is not enough water, but its price is quite capable of affecting the cost of production.

Thanks to hydroponics, strawberries can be harvested all year round

If you organize the lighting correctly, then this method will work great in an ordinary greenhouse somewhere in the north, and will allow you to grow not only vegetables and salad greens, but also flowers, and even berries. Therefore, interest in hydroponics is only growing - especially from small farms.

The subtleties of growing seedlings

The most profitable hydroponic technology for growing seedlings - and the yield as a whole depends on its quality.

• Believe it or not, at large greenhouse enterprises specializing exclusively in this method, seedling plots occupy no more than 6% of the total area.
• This is a problem, because due to lack of space, the seedlings have to be forced to thicken. In such conditions, it stretches too much, and its root system is weakened, due to which the harvest, especially the first one, is reduced by at least a couple of kilograms per square meter.

Seedling racks

• Therefore, many greenhouse farms are being converted, first of all, by increasing the area for seedlings. The compartments are equipped with long 35-meter racks with a width of 1.5 meters.
• Steel pipes connected to the general heating system are laid under them, with hot water circulating through them. This allows you to heat the substrate in which the seedlings are planted.

Preventive measures

Seedlings require tireless care and attention, as they can get sick and even die.

Therefore, strict requirements are imposed on planting seeds:

1. The room is disinfected with a 10% formalin solution, or treated with one of the fungicidal preparations. All containers, inventory and substrate are also disinfected.
2. People who work in seedling zones are provided with special clothing and footwear.
3. When the seedlings are gaining strength, no transport is launched into the department. People enter from the street through a disinfection mat laid at the entrance.

Shoe disinfection mat

4. An important condition is cleanliness in the complex: periodically, the glass, side and end surfaces are washed with warm water.

Note! All equipment in greenhouses is painted white or silver. This is no coincidence - this is how light is reflected better from their surfaces.

How seeds are prepared for planting

High quality seedlings can only be obtained using selected seeds. To make this very selection, the seeds of radish, cucumber, tomatoes are soaked in a 2% solution of ammonium nitrate. After a few minutes, the bad seeds float up, and the high-quality ones (like the heaviest ones) settle to the bottom.

• Before planting, the seeds are warmed up - technologies are different, depending on the type of culture. In addition, this treatment improves germination and overall plant productivity. In addition, to protect against fungus and viruses, seed is treated with a foundation or a suspension of TMTD.

Seed dresser TMTD

• Further, thoroughly washed after dressing and dried seeds are treated with active bio-substances... Most often they are soaked in solutions of micro- or macroelements. The recipe for such a solution depends on what kind of culture will be grown.
• For cucumbers and tomatoes, make such a cocktailadding to 1 liter of water:

1. Superphosphate (simple) - 5 g;
2. Saltpeter (potash) - 5 g;
3. Manganese sulfate - 100 mg;
4. Boric acid - 150 mg;
5. Vitriol (copper) - 150 mg;
6. Zinc sulfate - 100 mg.

• There are other methods to improve the planting quality of seeds.: soaking in blue, irradiation with ultraviolet light, laser, ultrasound or just electric or sunlight.

These methods are especially good for growing crops in greenhouses, and are sometimes used in combination. They are started after the seed disinfection procedure.

Sowing timing and nuances

In order to harvest tomatoes and cucumbers by spring, their seeds are sown during the period of the lowest temperatures and minimum illumination.

• For a cucumber, this is the first half of December (4-5 weeks before planting). Normally, its seeds are sown at the rate of 2 kg per hectare of land area.
• Tomato seeds are planted in mid-November - about 55 days before permanent planting. For them, the norm is 10 times less - 200 grams per hectare.

Note: Pre-germination of seeds is carried out in a thermostat, where the temperature is maintained within 24-30 degrees. At home, you can use the seed germinator that you see in the photo.

• The germinated seeds are planted in pre-disinfected boxes. Coarse sand, peat or sawdust are used as filler for them, which are also necessarily disinfected. Resins and tannins have to be removed from the sawdust, so they are washed and boiled for about an hour.
• The lower layer of the substrate is about 5 or 6 cm. After planting the seeds, they are covered with another, but already thin (up to 1 cm) layer, and moistened with a warm (27-28 degrees) nutrient solution.

The recipe for a solution for 100 liters of water is as follows:

1. Ammonium nitrate - 20g;
2. Potash saltpeter - 60g;
3. Superphosphate - 80g;
4. Magnesium sulfate - 25g.

• The seed boxes with seeds are placed in one layer and covered with a thin plastic wrap. When the seeds are well germinated, the cucumber will sprout the very next day, and the tomato - on the third day.
• If the seedlings are late, then there is something wrong with the microclimate in the greenhouse. Then the film is removed and supplemented with lamps. The irradiators are concentrated so as to achieve the required level of illumination even in the absence of natural light.

Supplementing seedlings

• Supplementation is continued until the rows with seedlings close (about 2 weeks), and then they do it after the pick.
• In cucumber, the full disclosure of the cotyledon leaves usually occurs on the fifth day after emergence. In tomato, this period stretches for two weeks, after which the seedlings are introduced (dived) into pots filled with small rubble.

Dived seedlings

• During the dive, for better branching, remove the tip of the main root. In the process of seedling growth, they must be culled. Deformed cotyledons, as well as seedlings that hatch later than the due date, are removed.
• When the first true leaves already appear, the underdeveloped plants, as well as with the wrong arrangement of the leaves of the plant, are discarded. The seedlings are planted in a permanent place when it has 6 full-fledged leaves with a rich green color, plus one internode.

Seedling prevention

In the process of growing cucumber seedlings, they are sprayed twice with foundationol for prevention, making a solution in the following concentration:

1. For the first time, after the appearance of the leaf - 0.1%.
2. The second time, immediately after the picking, 0.8%.

Fungicide used to prevent cucumber seedlings

Tomatoes are sprayed for the first time with a weak solution of boric acid (0.05%), and for the second time, Bordeaux liquid is used at a concentration of 0.5%.

Preparation for processing tomato seedlings

Growing seedlings for the fall harvest

Until now, we have been talking about the winter-spring time for planting crops, but there is also an autumn harvest season. To obtain it, seeds are planted in the summer.

Thanks to solar radiation, at this time, the development time of plants is somewhat reduced: for a cucumber it is a maximum of 25 days, and for a tomato - 1 full month from the moment of sowing.

Seedlings planted in a permanent place

Tip: The best time for sowing tomatoes is the second five days of June, and for planting seedlings - mid-July. Remember that even a few days late planting will reduce the yield.

For the cucumber, the dates were taken later - the seeds are sown at the beginning of July, the seedlings are planted at the end of this month.

The defeat of cucumbers with ascochitis

Important: In order not to expose plants to the danger of infection with ascochitosis, root rot, it is not recommended to grow seedlings of the same family first in spring and then in autumn. If you plan to grow a cucumber by the fall, then in the winter-spring season there should be a tomato. That is, cultures alternate.

In the summertime, the main vector of viral diseases is aphids, so all efforts must be directed to combat it. And the same foundation will help in this.

In early February, tomatoes are sown for seedlings for spring greenhouses on biofuel and with additional heating, and at the end of the month they start growing seedlings of cucumbers for heated spring greenhouses (under glass and foil) and warm greenhouses. Seeds of tomato, celery, pepper, eggplant, cabbage, lettuce are sown in rows every 3 cm; the distance between seeds in a row is about 1 cm.

Seedling growing technologies

At the beginning

growing cucumber seedlings for protected ground in pots ranging in size from 9 × 9 to 15 × 15 cm per 1m², place 100-140 plants in pots, cubes, cups, during the period of closing leaves in rows - no more than 28-30.

Tomato seedlings are grown in pots ranging in size from 8 × 8 to 10 × 10cm per 1m², they are placed in about the same way.

Seedlings of head lettuce are grown in pots ranging in size from 5 × 5 to 8 × 8cm, 400 are first placed, then up to 120-180 plants per 1m². Basic information on

seedling growing technologies for protected ground are given in Table 1. Somewhat differently suggests

grow seedlings of cucumber and tomato E. A. Chenykaeva (Table 2).

Seeds for growing seedlings of cucumber, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, dragee seeds of head lettuce, cauliflower are sown directly into pots (cups) one at a time, when they are sure of their quality, or two at a time, followed by removing (pinching) one seedling. Cucumber seeds are sown in the same way and also in two pieces, and its seedlings are planted with two plants, laying them out in different directions.

From the end of February they start growing seedlings of many vegetable crops... The time and place of sowing for seedlings is set depending on the climatic zone, the time required for its cultivation, as well as the time and place of planting. The seedling nutrient mixture is prepared depending on the crop, using only fresh, non-contaminated soil. Any mixture should be highly nutritious, breathable, absorb well and retain moisture.

1. Conditions for growing vegetables with seedlings in greenhouses.

Cucumber
25—35	Winter wall greenhouse	December 1-5 (February 1-10)	15-18	12-15	Winter wall greenhouse	January 1-5, February 1-10	25-26	20-24	18-20	85-95
25—30	Also	15-25 February	16-18	13-15	Wall-mounted winter greenhouse, glazed spring and film greenhouse with additional heating, warm greenhouse, in a room facing south	10-25 March	25-30	20-25	18-20	85-95
25—35	Wall greenhouse for winter and spring with glazed and film cover and with additional heating, warm greenhouse, in the room on the windowsill	10-20 March	16-18	13-18	Greenhouses of all types and a warm greenhouse (biofuel), in the room on the windowsill	April 20 - May 10	23-28	18-22	17-20	85-95
23-25	Wall greenhouse for winter and spring with glazed and film cover and with additional heating, warm greenhouse, in the room on the windowsill	April 1-5	16-18	13-15	There are also the simplest structures with a film shelter and a greenhouse (on biofuel)	May 10-25	23-28	18-22	17-20	85-95
25-40	Also	April 10-20	17-20	13-15	Also	May 10-25	23-28	18-22	17-20	85-95
25-30	Also	June 5-15 (autumn culture)	18-20	13-16	Insulated ground, greenhouse, frame and solar-heated tunnel	May 10-25	23-28	18-22	17-20	85-95
					Wall-mounted winter greenhouse, in a room on the windowsill	5-15 July	20-26	18-20	17-20	85-90
A tomato
50-60	Winter wall greenhouse	January 5-10	12-15	8-10	Wall greenhouse in the room	March 1-10	19-26	17-20	12-15	60-70
50-60	Wall-mounted winter greenhouse, in the room	February 1-5	12-15	8-10	All spring greenhouses with additional heating, in the room	March 20 - April 5	19-26	17-20	12-15	60-70
45-60	Winter wall greenhouse, warm greenhouse	March 1-10	14-16	8-10	Spring greenhouse with glazed and film shelter and a warm greenhouse, in the room on the windowsill	10 apr- la - May 5	20-26	18-20	12-16	60-70
45-55	Spring with glazed and film shelter, greenhouse with additional heating, warm greenhouse, in the room	April 1-5	14-16	8-10	Greenhouse, frame, tunnel, winter wall greenhouse, in the room on the windowsill	May 10 - June 5	20-26	18-20	14-16	60-70
45-60	Also	May 10-15 (autumn culture)	16-18	10-14	Wall greenhouse for winter and spring glazed with film cover and additional heating	5-20 March	19-25	17-20	10-15	60-75
Pepper and eggplant
50-60	Winter wall greenhouse	January 10-20	13-16	8-10	All spring greenhouses with additional heating, warm greenhouse	April 10 - May 15	20-27	18-20	12-18	60-75
50-60	Winter wall greenhouse, warm greenhouse, in the room	February 20 — March 10	14-16	8-10	Also	April 10 - May 15	20-27	18-20	12-18	60-75
Head salad
30-45	Winter wall greenhouse	20 jan rya - February 5	8-10	6-8	Wall greenhouse for winter and all spring greenhouses with additional heating, in the room on the windowsill	February 20 - March 5	16-19	15-17	10-12	60-75
30-45	Insulated ground, greenhouse	July 1-5 (autumn culture)	14-18	12-14	Also	November 1 - 10	16-18	14-16	8-10	60-70

For growing seedlings of cabbage, tomato, pepper, eggplant, physalis, onion, celery, lettuce mix sod or compost soil with humus and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 1. Two glasses of ash are added to a bucket of the mixture, and a glass of fluffy lime is added under the cabbage. You can prepare a mixture of equal parts of humus and well-ventilated low-lying peat. In both cases, superphosphate (three matchboxes) and potassium sulfate (one matchbox, or up to 25g) are added to the bucket of the mixture. These fertilizers can be replaced with a garden fertilizer mixture (five matchboxes for the same amount of soil). In the absence of mineral fertilizers, wood ash is used, increasing its amount to three glasses.

For cucumber and other pumpkin crops, sod soil mixed with humus or compost soil (1: 1) is poured into pots or cups. A glass of ash is added to a bucket of any mixture. Nutrient pots or cubes are made from the same mixtures by adding a mullein solution (1 liter per 10 liters of water). The mixture is moistened with a solution to such a state that the pots do not fall apart.

It is not necessary to increase the concentration of the solution, since the walls of the pots will be excessively dense, impermeable to the roots, which will delay growth, development and fruiting. One bucket of mixture can be made (depending on the size) 30-50 pots.

2. Terms and place of growing and planting seedlings of cucumber and tomato for protected ground, according to E. A. Chenykaeva

Cucumber
January 1-5	Greenhouse or room	February, 15	Wall-mounted greenhouse with water heating
15-20 February	Room	15-20 March	In the room on the windowsill
April 1-5	Greenhouse, room or warm greenhouse	May 1-5	Recessed greenhouse heated (after seedlings or greens)
April 1-5	Also	April 20-25	Heated soil under the film (gable frame)
April 10-15	Room, warm greenhouse	May 5-10	Heated soil under the film (any frame)
April 15-20	Also	May 15-20	Spring film greenhouse with solar heating
April 15-25	Room, warm greenhouse or heated soil under the film	May 20-25	Recessed greenhouse on solar heating under the film
May 15	Also	May 25 - 5 june	Recessed greenhouse on heating (third turn)
July 15	Sunny greenhouse	10-15 August	Wall-mounted greenhouse with water heating (second turn)
A tomato
January 1-5	Room or greenhouse	March 1-5	Wall-mounted greenhouse with water heating
10-15 February	Room	March 25 - 1 april	In the room on the windowsill
March 1-5	Room, greenhouse or warm greenhouse	May 15	Biologically heated greenhouse (second turn)
April 1-5	Room, greenhouse, warm greenhouse or heated priming	June 1-10	Heated greenhouse (third turn)
June 1-5	Sunny greenhouse or hotbed	July 18-20	Wall-mounted greenhouse with water heating (second turn)

Seedlings of cabbage, tomato, eggplant, physalis, lettuce, celery, pepper are grown with a pick (transplant). Seeds are first sown in a sowing box, in the soil of a heated greenhouse, film shelter, or on a rack in a winter greenhouse. The seedlings are then dived into nutrient pots, cubes, or paper cups. Seeds of squash, squash, cucumber, pumpkin, melon, watermelon are sown directly in pots or cups; sweet and semi-sharp varieties of black onions - in a box with a nutritious substrate, but do not dive. With a large number of seedlings (in collective plots), nigella is sown in the soil of a warm greenhouse or heated soil.

Prepared tomato seeds are sown in any size box filled with nutrient mixture. It is preliminarily slightly compacted so that the roots do not burst when the soil subsides, squeeze it at the walls and mark it with a slatted marker. A standard size box (50x35x8cm) contains 12 rows 3cm apart. In a row between seeds, maintain a distance of at least 0.5 cm, sprinkling with soil with a layer of up to 1 cm. Crops are watered with water at room temperature from a watering can with a fine strainer, covered with plywood, glass or film (for growing conditions, see the section "Growing tomato seedlings"). A wheeled shelf is very convenient for growing seedlings in a room. In the daytime, this shelf with seedlings can be rolled to a sunny window; after a pick - put in the shade; at night, when it is necessary to lower the temperature, take it to the kitchen and open the window.

Next - Forcing celery and parsley in the greenhouse

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse?

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After germination for a week during the day + 1 ... + 18 ° С, at night + 6 ... + 14 ° С;

I also grow determinant varieties and hybrids, which I also plant in a greenhouse on May 1-5. I define the term for growing seedlings for them in 55-60 days, which means that the tomatoes should rise on March 4-5. There is another guideline: before flowering, tomatoes grow for about 8 weeks, and from flowering to fruiting, it also takes 8 weeks.

This type of frame is quite popular for organizing a greenhouse business. It is strong and durable.

• Sprinkler.
• In order for the seedling sprouts not to stretch in one direction from each day, you need to rearrange the other side. This applies to the method when the seedlings are grown in a box.
• What you need to grow seedlings:
• When growing tomatoes in film greenhouses, special attention should be paid to pollination of flowers. In conditions of high humidity, and sometimes it cannot be avoided, pollen spills out poorly from the anthers. Additional pollination is required. In large farms, vibrators are used for this purpose, and in our conditions the plants should be shaken by tapping a stick on the wire trellis. Pollination should be carried out in the morning with strong ventilation of the greenhouses.
• The site for film shelters is prepared in the same way as for planting in open ground. Fertilizer rates are somewhat higher here. Experienced gardeners will gladly tell you how to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse. Seedlings are planted on low ridges around May 10-20 (depending on weather conditions). Plants on the ridge are placed more often: in 2-3 rows with a distance between rows of 30-40 cm, and between plants in a row - 25-30 cm. If the goal is to get the earliest possible harvest, then a thickened planting is used - up to 10 plants 1 m2. In this case, the plants are formed into one stem, leaving 2-3 inflorescences.
• To avoid the formation of excess moisture, which is very harmful to tomatoes, water the tomatoes only in the morning.
• The container is placed in a warm place, and 12-20 hours after the swelling of the seed, it can be planted in the ground. The main component of soil for tomato seedlings is humus and sod soil, mixed in equal proportions, sometimes sawdust or peat is added.
• How to grow tomatoes in greenhouse conditions? Juicy, vitamin-rich tomatoes are not as difficult to grow in a greenhouse as they seem. In a greenhouse, even without heating, they grow 2 weeks earlier, and the yield is 2.5 times greater than from tomatoes grown in the open field. In addition, tomatoes in a greenhouse are less susceptible to late blight.
• Then we create + 20 ... + 25 ° С during the day, + 10 ... + 16 ° С at night.
• You can often hear this opinion: it is better to sow tomato seeds later - in mid-late March - spring is gaining strength, there will be sun, light, and the plants, supposedly, will catch up in development. I invite every gardener in their area to record the weather from February to May. Maybe somewhere in March and April is really very sunny. In our North-West region, there is a rare spring like this. Usually in March and the first two decades of April in St. Petersburg it is cloudy, rain, snow. Conversely, February is sunny and frosty. Those gardeners who do not have backlighting at all suffer especially in such a spring.
• True, one should not forget about such a property of the metal as corrosion.
• Intrasoil.
• Otherwise, it is best to build a greenhouse that has an even distribution of sunlight.
• Cups or other containers, which can then decompose after being transplanted into the ground. Quite often, plastic bags are used, which are removed just before disembarkation.
• For better fruit pouring, the last buds, the weakest in the brush - from 2 to 5, must be removed. Sometimes there is an overgrowth of brushes: stepchildren appear on the brush, which sometimes bloom and even tie fruits. They should also be deleted.
• If they want to get a higher yield and for a longer period, then no more than 5-6 plants per 1 m2 are planted, and they are formed into two stems, leaving 5 inflorescences on the bush (three brushes are left on the main stem and on the stepson - two brushes). After planting, put the frame and stretch the film. If there is a tunnel shelter, then the arcs are installed every 60 cm (above every second transverse row) and tied together with a synthetic twine over each planted longitudinal row. In the future, a garter of plants will be carried out to a horizontally stretched twine. In this case, stakes can be dispensed with.

How to grow seedlings

Tomato planting scheme.

The soil must be laid out in small plastic cups or special cassettes for seedlings, you can also use thick plastic wrap for molds. Prepared seeds are laid out in cups, 2-3 pcs. into each, then pressed into the ground with a small blunt object to a depth of 1 cm. After that, the holes are sprinkled with soil and abundantly moistened with water from a spray bottle. During the first 3 weeks, you should not expect active growth of the leaf system, it will activate in the next 3 weeks.

An example of the location of the beds for tomatoes.

For adult plants planted in a greenhouse, + 18 ° C on cloudy days, and + 16 ° C on very cloudy days.

And here is another example from the experience of my friend, she is a biologist by training. She lives in an apartment where the sun never comes, she is cold - the temperature does not rise above + 13 ° C. And what could she do? She sowed seeds of all varieties at the end of January, the senets stood on heating pads, germinated in February, lit up as best she could. At the end of April, she took the seedlings to the site, at the beginning of May she planted them in a greenhouse, and then in the summer she collected a large harvest of red fruits. When you see her seedlings, and then the harvest, the question involuntarily arises: "Where does that come from?"

Advice.Since the metal frame can rust over time, you can prevent this phenomenon and paint it, thereby increasing its service life.

Each tomato variety has its own watering instructions.

Here you also need to take into account that it is necessary to do the hardening of seedlings. To do this, in the greenhouse in the middle of spring and day and night, windows are regularly opened.

Suitable soil.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

To avoid stagnation of humid air in the surface layer, as well as to promote better illumination of the plants, the lower leaves are removed. This operation begins when the fruits are formed on the first hand, and is carried out constantly once a week. No more than 2-3 leaves are removed at a time. All leaves up to the 3rd - 4th brush are gradually removed. To make the wounds dry up and heal faster, trimming the leaves is carried out in the morning. After removing the leaves, watering can be carried out no earlier than a day later.

The care of planted tomatoes in the greenhouse should be more careful than in the open field. First of all, here it is necessary to strictly monitor the air temperature. In sunny weather, the temperature in a small-sized shelter quickly rises and reaches 40 ° C and above. In this case, the pollen becomes sterile, pollination does not occur, and damage to the leaves and stem can be observed. To prevent these undesirable phenomena, it is necessary to resort to airing the shelters, lifting the film from the sides, and lowering it again in the evening. If the weather is calm, warm, then the film is removed for the daytime. In warm rainy weather, the film at the ends of the tunnels should be open to reduce air humidity. In 30–40 days after planting, when stable warm weather is established, the film is removed. Such short-term use of the film allows it to be used to cover plants for 3-4 years.

Correct cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse involves 3 or 4 root dressings, which must be done during the growing season of the plants. The first should be carried out after 3 weeks have passed since the transplanting. To do this, you need to mix:

Tomato formation.

One of the most important aspects of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is having proper watering and timely ventilation. Following the recommendations, careful maintenance and a well-established irrigation system will help to achieve success. All this will contribute to the fact that greenhouse tomatoes will delight you with a generous harvest that you can grow both for yourself and for sale.

This is what I do. I put the seedlings in the boxes in the bathroom, the temperature there is + 25 ° C. Seedlings appear quickly, and I immediately transfer the seedlings to the table by the window. The window has been thoroughly washed by this time. I put one fluorescent lamp above the seedlings, and a room thermometer next to them. During the day, I create a temperature of + 13 ... + 15 ° C (the heaters have been removed from the frame, the heating battery is covered with a blanket). At night, I put the boxes in the refrigerator, where the temperature is + 10 ° C. In the morning I urgently expose to the window. I create such a regime for a week. I light up on a cloudy day. Then I create warmth for the seedlings: during the day + 20 ... + 23 ° С, and at night + 16 ... + 18 ° С, i.e. the blanket is removed from the battery, the window is insulated.

So I am very flexible about the sowing time, the tomato is such a plastic plant that it will yield a harvest in any situation. But northerners and residents of our region should remember that frosts are still possible at the end of the first decade of June, and in mid-August there are also frosts.

Installation of such a frame requires preparation of the base. For this, the supporting strips of the structure must be concreted into the ground by 50-40 cm.

Note. If you have questions about how to properly plant tomatoes in a greenhouse, then you can first consult with a specialist in this field, who will tell you what actions should be taken and what should not be done.

You can also take them out simply to an open area near the greenhouse. If the roof of the structure is removable, then it can be removed regularly.

Fertilizers of a certain quality. Each tomato variety can be fertilized.

Tomato garter and pollination

Enrichment of air with carbon dioxide gives good results. The easiest way is as follows. The dishes (bucket, tank) are half filled with fresh manure, filled almost to the brim with water, and placed in the greenhouse, stirring the contents from time to time. Fermentation of manure releases carbon dioxide into the air, which increases the rate of photosynthesis.

After each watering, the film cover should be well ventilated. The formation of plants here must be carried out more carefully, avoiding the outgrowth of stepchildren, at least once a week. Finish it when the fruits are tied on the last left inflorescence. At the same time, the stem is limited in growth, leaving 2-3 leaves above the upper raceme. In the northern regions of our zone, the tomato harvest in the open field is usually low. Fruits are often severely affected by late blight. Under these conditions, in order to obtain a high yield, it is advisable to grow a tomato under gable-type shelters. The height of the shelter in the ridge is up to 150 cm, on the sides - up to 110–120 cm, the width may vary depending on the number of planted rows of plants. When planting in 2 rows (this scheme is better for caring for the crop and it provides good ventilation of the structure), the width of the shelter is 110–120 cm. At the ends and on the roof, the film is rigidly attached to the shelter frame. A bar (reel) is nailed to the lower edge of the side film, onto which the film is wound when lifted. For better tightness of the shelter during early planting, it is better to lay the bobbins in small grooves. When warm weather sets in, the film is rolled from the sides onto the roof of the shelter. If there is strong dew in the summer, then at night the sides of the shelter are lowered so that the plants are dry. This largely prevents their defeat by late blight.

2 tbsp. l. fertilizer "Ideal" (liquid) or 0.5 liters of liquid mullein;

After 35-40 days (from the moment of germination), the leaves will begin to grow rapidly in breadth and upward, at this stage the necessary measures should be taken to prevent the overly active growth of seedlings. To do this, the temperature during the week must be maintained at 18 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night. Seedlings need to be watered only 2-3 times: when the first seedlings appear - at the root, after 2 weeks - for the second time, 3 hours before transplanting - for the last time. Water temperature during irrigation should be 20 ° C.

In addition to tomato seeds and soil, you will need:

In 1995, in the newspaper "6 acres" S.F. Gavrish published a basis for the temperature regime for growing tomatoes for gardeners. If this regime is followed, then gardeners in any year will be with tomatoes.My greenhouse is made of glass around the perimeter, the roof is made of “Stable” film, without heating. By the end of April, the soil in the greenhouse is already ripe, and if its temperature is + 14 ° C, or even better + 16 ° C, it lasts for several days, I start planting. It often happens on May 1-5, but it all depends on the spring. I make a second shelter in the greenhouse with lutrasil covering material (17 g / m2). In our area, according to my observations of many years, always at the end of April and until May 9-13, there is sunny weather without wind and rain. The temperature outside during the day ranges from +18 to + 25 ° С. During these days, the seedlings have already taken root, the buds are opening.

Growing nuances - root feeding

The metal frame is resistant to wind and cold. It does not deform when exposed to sunlight and high temperatures. Unlike wood, it does not absorb moisture.

Which design is better

• Advice. Before the tomato seedlings are planted in the greenhouse, it should be sprinkled in 5-6 days.
• Tomato seeds.
• The harvest begins to come in 2–2.5 months after planting the seedlings. It is better to harvest the fruits in brown or blange ripeness, which contributes to the accelerated filling of the rest of the fruits. The collection of fruits is first carried out after 3-4 days, then more often.Harvested only in dry weather. The last collection is carried out before the onset of frost.

Under this type of shelter, both early-maturing determinant varieties and later large-fruited varieties can be grown. The cultivation of tomato varieties is formed in three stems, and later varieties - in two stems. The tops of the stems are pinched on August 10-15. Plants are tied to a frame or stakes. If the seedlings have outgrown by the time of planting, then at least half the length of the stem must be laid in a groove 7-10 cm deep and covered with earth (the leaves are removed from this part of the stem). With such a planting, a powerful adventitious root system is formed on the laid stem. In this case, the first flower brush is laid closer to the surface of the earth, therefore, the total number of brushes on the plant at a relatively low height of the structure will be greater. Both of these factors contribute to a higher yield.

1 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate;

To prevent the seedlings from stretching in one direction, they need to be turned every day to the light source on the other side. In April or May, you can start hardening. In the room where the seedlings are located, the window can be open day and night. On especially warm days, when the air temperature is above 15 ° C, the seedlings can be taken out into an open space, for example, on a terrace or balcony. Most importantly, the soil must be sufficiently moistened during hardening so that the seedlings do not wither. Well seasoned seedlings have a juicy blue-violet hue.

Secrets of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Potassium permanganate;

The optimum temperature for germination is + 24 ... + 26 ° С, at temperatures below + 10 ° С the seeds do not germinate. After the emergence of two true leaves at the seedlings, the temperature must be reduced to + 18 ... + 20 ° С during the day and to + 10 ... + 14 ° С at night. Such a temperature regime helps the inflorescence that is being laid at this time to grow more branched, with a large number of flowers. When the first buds appear, the temperature is maintained at + 17 ... + 18 ° С during the day, + 16 ° С at night.

• And from May 14-15, suddenly there is a sharp cold snap - rain and snow, before snowfall. But my plants are no longer afraid. I cover with lutrasil (17g / m2) in two layers, and whoever has a denser covering material (30 g / m2) - then in one layer - even better. It is not necessary to take them off during the day. This has been tested in practice, but the film, if you cover it, must be removed or slightly opened from the sides.
• Polycarbonate is mounted on it using special rivets or rubberized self-tapping screws.
• At the moment, greenhouse designs have various types:
• How to transplant seedlings
• Stages of work:
• The fruits must be removed all and even much earlier than the intended date, if the initial signs of late blight appeared on individual plants.

Greenhouse preparation for planting begins in the fall. Plants are harvested and burned, the old film is removed. When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse for 3 or more years in a row, pests and pathogens accumulate in the soil. In addition, with the permanent use of nutrient soil, one-sided use of nutrients is observed, which leads to depletion of the soil specifically for the tomato culture. Therefore, if possible, the frame of the greenhouse should be moved to a new location every year. If this is not possible, then in the fall, after harvesting the post-harvest residues from the greenhouse and destroying them, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil by 4-5 cm, where disease-causing elements are mainly concentrated, remove it from the greenhouse and stack it for 2-3 years for biological recovery. In place of the removed soil layer, fresh soil should be brought in. All parts of the greenhouse, inventory and containers must be disinfected. After that, it is necessary to evenly scatter humus or compost at 10 kg per 1 m2, dolomite flour, phosphorus and potash fertilizers and dig up. Fertilizer doses are best determined by soil analysis.Roughly, you can use the same doses as for open ground or slightly higher. In the spring, as soon as the soil is ripe, loosen the soil without turning the layer with a garden pitchfork to the greatest possible depth, then you need to scatter nitrogen fertilizers and close them up with a hand cultivator. If fertilization and digging were not carried out in the fall, then this is done in the spring. The greenhouse should be covered with a film a few days before planting the seedlings, so that the soil has time to warm up well.

10 liters of water.

Technology for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

5 days before planting seedlings in a greenhouse, seedlings are sprayed with boric solution, at the rate of 1 g of boric acid per 1 liter of water. This method helps to preserve the flower buds on the first bunch, which will have a positive effect on the amount of your harvest later.

Humus and sod soil;

»The optimum air and soil temperature for tomato is largely determined by the illumination and the content of carbon dioxide in the air: in sunny weather + 22 ... + 25 ° С, in cloudy + 18 ° С, at night + 16 ° С.

After 3-4 days, real spring comes again, but ahead of return frosts from the first days of June to the end of the decade, sometimes up to -5-6 ° C. Again I am making a second shelter in the greenhouse, and many gardeners put kerosene lamps, candles, kerosene lamps, electric bulbs, electric batteries at night. It is most difficult to get a full harvest outdoors and in small greenhouses. I plant overgrown seedlings in open ground, which I grow in a greenhouse, after June 10 with 1-2 blossoming inflorescences and even with fruits, The yield per square meter is less than in a greenhouse, since on August 15-16 I have -1 at night -2 ° C.

How to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse?

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse

Film coated on a wooden frame.

Greenhouse tomato care

How to properly plant tomatoes in a greenhouse? The whole process is very simple.

All actions can be done by hand. Initially, you need to start rejecting seeds.

The process of planting a tomato in a greenhouse

Greenhouse preparation for planting

Planting tomato seedlings in unheated film greenhouses (amateurs generally have this type of greenhouses) can be started from the first decade of May, and in heated greenhouses - from mid-April. It should be remembered that the film does not protect plants from freezing temperatures, therefore, in the early stages of planting, in case of a threat of frost, it is necessary to have personal protective equipment on hand from the cold.

The resulting mixture must be poured under the root of each plant, 1 liter each. On the 10th day after the first feeding, the second is carried out, 1 tsp is taken for 10 liters of water. potassium sulfate and 1 tbsp. l. organic fertilizer "Fertility", they are mixed and poured in the same amount under each root. The third feeding is done 12 days after the second.

Tomato grazing.

Sawdust or peat;

In early spring, when the illumination is still insufficient, the daytime temperature is + 17 ... + 19 ° С, in very cloudy + 15 ° С, at night + 12 ° С.

Seedlings of tomatoes in a greenhouse

But this happens in May, but for now let's consider the February and March concerns.

Garter tomatoes in the greenhouse

For the zone of risky farming, which is the middle zone of Russia,

Growing varieties of tomato

Film on a metal frame.

For this, the soil must be prepared:

Some of them may be spoiled and will certainly not sprout. After that, the seeds are soaked in water for a while. This is necessary in order to saturate them with moisture.

Tomato greenhouse temperature

The design of the greenhouse, as well as its use, can be varied. It is mainly used for growing edible crops: greens, berries, vegetables.

The scheme for planting a tomato in a greenhouse depends on the variety, the method of forming the bush and the size of the greenhouse. Planting rows are best directed from north to south, which improves the lighting conditions for the plants.In a greenhouse 2 m wide, tall greenhouse varieties, when formed into one stem, should be planted one row to the left and right of the central path. In the very row between the plants, they give 35–40 cm, that is, about three plants are planted per 1 m2. If the greenhouse is about four meters wide, then two planting options are possible. When the rows are directed along the greenhouse, they are planted in one row on the sides, and in the middle of the greenhouse - two rows at a distance of 50-60 cm row from row. In this case, there should be two tracks.

For 10 liters of water, you will need or 2 tbsp. l. wood ash, or 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate. Otherwise, you can apply 1 tbsp. l. sodium humate together with 1 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate. For 1 m² of plants, you will need 5 liters of the mixture. If you follow the rules of cultivation, tomatoes in the greenhouse, thanks to vegetative feeding, will be poured significantly faster, pleasing with their appearance.

Watering tomatoes in a greenhouse

It is very important that the greenhouse in which the tomatoes will grow is well ventilated. The vents should be not only on both sides, but also on top, this must be taken care of in advance. Good airing is especially necessary for tomatoes during flowering. It should also be borne in mind that for the effective cultivation of tomatoes from morning to evening, the greenhouse must be illuminated by the sun's rays.

Small plastic cups or special cassettes for growing seedlings;

When the temperature rises above + 25 ° C, the activity of photosynthesis decreases, at + 30 ... + 32 ° C, a significant decrease in plant growth is already observed, and the pollen becomes sterile. The optimum soil temperature is + 20 ... + 25 ° С, and at temperatures below + 14 ° С, the synthesis of substances necessary for the growth and development of buds slows down. Tomatoes have such a pattern - the higher the temperature, the faster ripening occurs, the inflorescence is less branched, the fruits are smaller, internodes are longer, which is what we get an early harvest, but lower. "

If I bought seeds of hybrids in a company store and in a company package, then I just soak and harden before sowing. But I carefully process my seeds of varieties or purchased somewhere else. I plant seedlings in the greenhouse early, which means they need to be hardened. I start hardening from seeds. Diseases are transmitted with seeds, and life has forced scientists and practitioners to take preventive measures.

Tomatoes are best grown in a greenhouse.

Polycarbonate for any type of frame construction and so on.

Slightly moisturized.

Advice.

Almost everyone knows how a greenhouse works and that the most common crops can be grown in them: tomatoes and cucumbers. But, not everyone knows how to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse.

You can use another option for placing the tomato in wide greenhouses. One central track is made in the middle, and planting is carried out with two-line ribbons across the greenhouse. One of the row spacings, the one on which they walk, is made wide, and the other, respectively, narrow. For example: 100? 40, 90? 50, 80? 60. In a row, depending on the variety, the distance between plants is 45–50 cm. With this planting scheme, there are also about three plants per 1 m2.

How to plant tomatoes in a greenhouse: some nuances

The beds in the greenhouse are located along, their number is calculated taking into account the width of the structure. The beds are broken up a week before the seedlings are planted. The height of the beds should be approximately 40 cm, the width should be from 60 to 90 cm, the passage between the beds should be approximately 60 cm.

Garden scoop;
Before sowing, I spill the boxes with warm water again, make grooves 1-1.5 cm deep, the distance between the grooves is 4-5 cm. I spread the seeds into these grooves at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. I cover it with the same soil, lightly compact it with a spoon. Sprinkle on top with a thin layer of dry soil. I cover the drawers with foil and put them in the bathroom. As soon as single white "loops" appear, I put them to the window.Cotyledon leaves will unfold - sprinkle with washed, calcined river sand around each plant. This is prevention against the "black leg". But if you rarely sow - 3 x 5 cm, and the soil is clean, then there will be no "black leg". I pour warm water +20? C between the rows. The first time is 5-7 days after germination, it depends on the dryness in the apartment. If it is very hot in the apartment, then you have to water it after three days, especially for those who sow in small containers, because the soil dries out quickly in them. Sometimes I spray the seedlings with warm water from a sprayer. I do not carry out top dressing before picking (transplanting seedlings into large containers).

What varieties of tomatoes should be chosen for planting in greenhouse conditions

A) Warm up in an oven at 60 ° C for three hours, if possible. Or disinfect with a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes and rinse immediately. I wrap the seeds in gauze bags, and after potassium permanganate I wash them under running water.
Just like peppers and eggplants.
They also differ in their shape and size, see the photo.

• Fluffy.
• You can not do such actions, but simply plant dry seeds. In this case, it all depends on the tomato variety itself. Some of them are very moody and require a special approach.
• Before planting tomatoes in the greenhouse, you must first select the correct variety. Costs and profits will depend on this.
• If early ripening low-growing varieties recommended for open ground are planted, then in a greenhouse two meters wide they can be placed in two rows to the left and right of the central path, but it is better to plant them in a checkerboard pattern to facilitate care. Plants form at the same time in 2-3 stems, and in a row they are placed every 50 cm.
• Types of tomato formation.
• For 1 m² of beds, add 1 bucket of humus, peat or sawdust, this is done if the beds are located on clay or loamy soil. If the beds are peat, a bucket of humus, sod land, small shavings or sawdust is added to them, you can also add half a bucket of granular sand. On top of everything, you can add 1 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate, and then dig everything up well.
• Boric acid;

I start picking when the second real leaf appears. I take the same soil as for sowing. For picking I use wooden boxes, but their height is 10-12 cm. I rarely use different types of pots, because the soil in them cools faster. I give the distance between the plants at least 15 x15 cm, put the boxes with seedlings for 3-4 days in a place where there is no sun, and then again on the sunny side. When picking, I try to deepen the seedling to the cotyledonous leaves. It is not that difficult because seedlings not elongated. Often gardeners ask the question: "I swooped down, but they both froze and sit still?" The reasons are as follows:
B) Hold in trace elements according to the instructions or in a solution of ash. I prepare the solution as follows: pour 2 tablespoons of ash with 1 liter of hot water at a temperature of + 40 ... + 45 ° С. Insist for a day, stirring. Drain the solution and keep the seeds in bags for 3-6 hours. If the concentration of the solution is made weaker (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water), then you need to hold it for 12 hours. After processing with microelements or ash, I do not wash the seeds.

Growing tomato seedlings

To do this, first of all, you need to take care of high-quality tomato seedlings.

This raises the question: In what type of greenhouse is it best to grow tomato seedlings and then plant them?
Fertilized in advance.

• Soil is poured into a peat cup or other container. It is necessary to make several holes at the bottom of the container for excess moisture to escape.
• Modern gardeners already know about all existing greenhouse tomato varieties, but for beginners, this information will be very useful.
• By the time the tomatoes are planted, the soil should be moist.If the spring moisture has partially evaporated, then 1–2 days before planting, water-charging irrigation is carried out. On the surface of the ground, pegs mark the distance between the rows and pull the twine in the direction of the rows. A horizontal wire trellis should be stretched exactly over the rows at a height of 2.0–2.2 m from the soil surface. According to the planting scheme, holes are made in the ground, spilled with warm water, and seedlings are planted in the mud. Good results are obtained by introducing a handful of humus and 4–5 g of superphosphate into the holes before planting, which are pre-mixed with the ground. Planting is vertical, but if the seedlings are overgrown, they are planted obliquely, as described in the previous section. When planting potless seedlings, it is necessary to remove 1–2 lower leaves so that the seedlings take root better. After planting, the plants are watered again with warm water, and the holes are mulched with peat or humus. Then you can not water for 2-3 weeks, if the plants do not experience a lack of moisture.
• You should know a few nuances:

Before planting seedlings, the prepared soil should be watered with a solution of potassium permanganate, the solution should be weak (1 g per 10 l of water), the temperature should be 60 ° C. Pour 1 liter of this solution into each well. The prophylactic drug "Zaslon" can be a good alternative to a solution of potassium permanganate: 1 bottle of the drug (0.25 l) is diluted in 10 l of water.

• Potassium sulfate;
  A) strongly elongated seedlings. I had to lay the stem in a ring and fill it up to the cotyledons. It takes time for the roots to grow on the stem. The plant seems to have stopped developing;

C) I put on germination at an air temperature of + 20 ... + 25 ° С.
Tomato seedlings can be bought in specialty stores or in the market. But the choice of varieties in the store is limited, and the market may sell something completely different from what they promise.

• Most gardeners manage to grow crops in plastic greenhouses. But here it is worth paying attention to the fact that tomatoes are considered heat-loving plants and they will need to provide a warm temperature regime in the greenhouse (see Thermostat for the greenhouse - we choose the right one).
  So:
• The soil is not rammed in order to ensure the flow of air.

There are these types of tomatoes:

• After 3-5 days after planting, when the seedlings finally take root, a garter of tomatoes is carried out in the greenhouse. To do this, cut pieces of twine with a length of 2.5–3.0 m (it is better to use synthetic twine, since it does not rot, and it can be used after disinfection for 2-3 seasons). One end of the twine is tied with a sliding loop on a wire trellis and lowered over the plant. The other end of the twine is tied loosely under one of the lower leaves. The stem is twisted around the twine through each internode. This operation is then performed once a week, combining it with pinching. The stepchildren are removed when they are no more than 2–7 cm long. It is better to cut them in the morning, when the plants have a strong turgor, and the wounds have time to dry out during the day. Little stepchildren are removed to the bottom, but if they have outgrown, then they leave a stump of 1–1.5 cm.
  Overgrown seedlings with stiff stems produce more fruit than fragile seedlings;
• The resulting solution is poured into each well (0.5 l each) and along with this, all the beds in the greenhouse are sprayed. In order for the flower brush to develop better, the airing is more complete, and the likelihood of diseases is lower, three days before planting the seedlings in a permanent place in the greenhouse, cut off 3 lower leaves from each tomato bush.
  Granular sand;

B) a lot of ash was poured into the soil, it became highly alkaline, and the plants do not receive nutrition;

D) As soon as a few seeds are picked, I put them in the refrigerator for hardening. In my refrigerator + 1 ... + 3 ° С, I keep the seeds there for three days. You, too, must measure all the shelves of the refrigerator with a thermometer. Allowed 0 ... + 3 ° С, but on condition that you did not germinate the seeds, but only soaked them.We have gardeners-practitioners who put wet seeds in the snow for a day, then they germinate very quickly. I do not use growth stimulants.

• Therefore, experienced gardeners grow tomato seedlings on their own. At the same time, they not only get the opportunity of a wider choice of the desired varieties, but also save a certain amount of money, because the cost of seeds is much lower than the cost of finished seedlings. You need to purchase seeds already in February-March, since new varieties and well-proven old ones are sold out very quickly.
• If the greenhouse is used only in spring, then it will not work to plant tomato seedlings in it. Especially if it is made of film.

As a rule, the tomato is transplanted into the greenhouse in separate rows. Seedlings are planted at a distance of at least 50 cm.

• Using a simple wooden stick of large volume (3-4 cm), a not too deep hole is made in the ground. Seeds are poured into it and covered with earth.
  Samara is a sweet and very juicy variety that is intended for indoor cultivation.
• Indeterminate varieties are formed into one stem. In this case, all stepsons are removed. After the stem reaches the trellis, it is carefully pulled along the wire, tied in two places, and then lowered down. The tip is pinched 1.5 months before the elimination of the culture, that is, no later than mid-August. Above the last inflorescence, 2-3 leaves are left, due to which the filling of the fruits of the upper brush is ensured.
  In the northern regions, it is preferable to supplement the seedlings with artificial light sources, and at night to maintain a temperature of at least 15 ° C;

By the time of planting, seedlings of seedlings should be from 25 to 30 cm in height, they need to be planted vertically, filling only the pot with soil.

Transplanting tomato seedlings into a greenhouse

Superphosphate;

C) it is cold in the apartment, and after transplantation, new root hairs do not develop, especially in large containers. The soil turns sour. If you dive into large containers (0.8-1 liter), then the soil temperature should be + 20 ... + 25 ° С. You can reduce the temperature only after the growth of new 2-3 leaves.
Then I start to prepare the soil. From the balcony I bring it in in advance, frozen, so that it can thaw and "heal" by itself. 5-7 days before sowing, I make mixtures, add fertilizers and fill wooden boxes 6-7 cm high, their length and width are arbitrary. There are many options for mixtures, mainly peat is used. But in any of your options, determine the acidity. For tomatoes pH 5.5-6.5. Gardeners often make mistakes:

• Before buying seeds, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the assortment of varieties and hybrids in the store, as well as with the properties and characteristics of these varieties.
• Advice. For growing tomatoes, it is best to use polycarbonate greenhouses.
• But here it is worth considering the tomato variety itself and the level of its growth. In some cases, the distance between tomato bushes can reach up to 1 m.

Advice. Do not cover the seeds with soil too tightly. It is necessary to give them the opportunity to freely saturate with air.

• "Honey Drop" is a very sweet and liquid variety.
  It is more difficult to form determinant varieties into one stem. They also remove all stepchildren, except for the uppermost one, which is a reserve in case the growth of the main stem ends with a flower brush. If the stem continues to grow, then during the subsequent pinching, the reserve stepson is removed, and the new stepson located above is left as a backup. It is possible to form both indeterminate and determinant varieties in 2 stems, but the plants should be planted less often.
• If you want to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, the lighting should be 12-16 hours a day;
• Scheme of planting tomatoes in the ground.The drug "Zaslon";

You cannot teach watering seedlings, tk. it all depends on many factors.If it is very dry in the apartment, you will have to water more often; the soil dries out faster in small containers than in wooden crates. Sometimes they dive directly into large 1 liter pots to grow a powerful plant. I have to repeat myself: often gardeners make a mistake - at low temperatures in the apartment and with frequent watering, the soil will turn sour, and the roots will "suffocate" and will not develop. Loose more often in larger pots. I water so that the soil is slightly moist, i.e. neither dry nor wet. If the plant has 3 leaves - one watering rate, if 5-6 leaves - another. I loosen it periodically so that there is no crust. During the growing season of seedlings, I do not add soil. I add it only if the oa has started to stretch out or has collected 6-7 leaves, and I plant it in the greenhouse early, i.e. with a bedding, as it were, I retard the growth of seedlings.

• 1) without determining the acidity of the soil, they are poured there without measure of ash or lime, or dolomite flour.
  Growing tomato seedlings with your own hands does not present any particular difficulties. And the advantages are obvious: firstly, you get the opportunity to grow exactly the variety that you like, and not the one whose seedlings are on sale; secondly, buying seeds, not seedlings, you save your money; thirdly, you can share extra plants with your friends or neighbors in the country, and this is just nice.

Features of a polycarbonate greenhouse

Rows are pre-made using a hoe or any other handy garden tool. Some varieties of tomatoes may have long root systems, and it is worth using a shovel in this case.
All cups with seedlings are located in the greenhouse.

• "Moneymaker" - intended for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse. It is planted in March and fruits in summer.
• If there are plants in the greenhouse that are affected by viral diseases, then they should be taken care of last to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Every 3-5 years you need to change the land in the greenhouse;

If the plant has stretched up to 45 cm, then it is no longer necessary to deepen it, because the stem sprinkled with soil immediately gives roots, which completely stops the growth of the plant.

Cord or strong twine (for tying plants);

What design of a greenhouse to choose for growing a tomato

There are many options for feeding. In the apartment, I do not water with organic matter. But if I grow seedlings in a greenhouse, then once I feed them with slurry 1:10. Feeding plants, like watering, is difficult to teach. There is an order of minima of nutrients N: P: K (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) at all stages of development:

2) the purchased black, beautiful peat mixture may lack nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, most practitioners make their own soil mixtures.

• Growing good tomato seedlings is easy. You just need to remember that tomato plants are very demanding on light. For normal development, they need a long daylight hours. Therefore, seeds should be sown no earlier than mid-March, and a box with seedlings should be placed by a window facing south or southeast. With a lack of light, long, brittle stems with small light green leaves are formed. Such plants do not take root well in the open field, are more susceptible to diseases and give a much lower yield.
• This type of construction has a long service life. By itself, polycarbonate is a reliable and very practical material. Its properties are suitable for covering the greenhouse frame.
• Each sprout is removed from the container with the soil in which the seed was poured.
• The first period of time, which is 20-30 days, leaves of tomatoes will not appear. Only then will the stems grow.

"Long Keeper" - yields fruits for 4 kg per bush.
In addition to shaping, care measures include loosening watering, feeding, observing temperature and humidity conditions, pest control, disease control, and others.In film greenhouses, the possibilities for regulating the temperature regime are limited. The air temperature is reduced by ventilation. For this purpose, the vents and doors are opened on opposite sides of the greenhouse so that air exchange takes place more intensively.
Both undersized and tall varieties grow well in greenhouses;

The planting scheme for seedlings is simple - tall tomatoes and hybrid tomatoes are planted either in a checkerboard pattern, after 60 cm, or in a row in the middle of the garden bed. In the case of staggered planting, the step distance (60 cm) should not be exceeded - the yield will be halved, this fact has been verified empirically.

Polycarbonate greenhouses

Stimulant "Novosil";

At the beginning of the growing season, the ratio N-P-K = 1: 2: 0.5;

Many years ago there was no abundance of peat mixtures in stores, so the gardeners were not lazy to make the sod land themselves, which is a blessing for plants.

• For seeding, you can use a small plastic box with a transparent lid, which is filled with nutritious potting soil. Or you can sow the seeds one at a time in small peat pots, this will simplify the subsequent planting of seedlings in open ground. Seeds are sown to a depth of half a centimeter, the ground is well watered. The box is covered with foil or a transparent lid (the pots are covered with foil) to prevent the soil from drying out. Once or twice a day, the drawer is opened for a few minutes for ventilation.
  So:
• You can free the roots from it, but this is only when the soil in the seedling container and in the greenhouse itself is different.
• During this period, the most important thing is to provide them with proper care. It includes not only watering, but also fertilizing the soil to feed the sprouts."Miracle of the Earth" is the most popular variety among summer residents for growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions.
• Tomato, unlike cucumber, loves "drafts". In hot sunny weather, it is advisable to lift the film from the sides of the greenhouse or remove it completely. Refreshing watering, that is, watering in small doses, after which it is necessary to immediately conduct thorough ventilation, also contributes to a decrease in air temperature.

In order to compact the soil between tomatoes, the cultivation of Peking cabbage is very important.

Polycarbonate greenhouse metal frame

In free growth, the tomato begins to branch strongly, extra flower brushes and leaves appear, which is why the ripening of the fruits is significantly delayed. After the seedlings are planted in the greenhouse, they should not be watered for 2 weeks to avoid the plants pulling in length.
Liquid fertilizer "Ideal";

During flowering N-P-K = 1: 2: 1;

Here are the options for soil with sod land: 1/3 of the volume - sod land, 1/3 - humus, 1/3 - peat (1 tablespoon of azophoska, 3 tablespoons of simple superphosphate, 1 glass of water were added to a bucket of such a mixture).
At a soil temperature of 18-25 degrees, the first cotyledonous leaves will appear in about ten days. When the first pair of already real leaves is formed, the plants need to be dived - planted one by one in larger pots. For this, a flat wooden or metal stick is usually used, you can also use a small knife. Young plants are carefully dug out of the box along with a lump of earth and transplanted into a new pot with a diameter of 8-10 centimeters, filled with ordinary garden soil. If you are sowing seeds one at a time in small peat pots, simply place them in larger regular pots and add fresh soil.
There are several types of polycarbonate, but only cellular polycarbonate is used for the construction of greenhouses. It is very dense in structure and has honeycombs inside it.

Advice. If the tomato seedlings are already ready for planting and removed from the container, and there is no time to plant it at the moment, then you need to wrap the root system with a damp rag. Do not put tomatoes in water, as they can be oversaturated with moisture.

You also need a certain temperature, which should not drop below +15 degrees at night."Bull's Heart" - has a high yield.The optimum air temperature in the greenhouse for a tomato should be different in different phases of growth and during the day, and depends on the light. Before fruiting, it should be in the afternoon in sunny weather 20-22 ° C. Cloudy 19–20 ° C, at night 16–17 ° C. As soon as the fruit begins to pour, the temperature should be slightly higher: during the day in sunny weather 24–26 ° C, in cloudy 19–20 ° C, at night 17–18 ° C. These temperature levels should be maintained whenever possible during the entire fruiting period. When the night temperature rises even by two degrees, internodes and flower clusters lengthen, the stalks become thin and weak, the flowers are small, the fruits are worse in quality. During the transition from night temperatures to daytime parameters, condensation very often forms on the plants, which can lead to burns if the morning is sunny and hot. In this case, careful ventilation is required. This should be done with caution, as cold air currents can lead to whiteness of the fruit. Soil temperature should not be lower than 16-18 ° C.

Tomatoes in the greenhouse can be tied to the trellis 12 days after planting. Stretch a strong steel wire along each row of plants in advance. A cord or strong twine is used for tying, they should be wide enough not to cut the stem of the plant. The twine is tied with a free loop in the lower part of the plant, under the lower leaves. The loop should be free so that the stem grows freely and thickens.

Purchase of seeds.

Nitrophoska;

During fruiting N-P-K = 0.5: 1.5: 2.

Growing seedlings.

Benefits.

About 5-6 years ago, I made the following mixture: 2/3 of the volume - soil from borage, 1/3 - three-year compost (1 glass of ash, 3 tablespoons of simple superphosphate, 2 tablespoons of azofoska was added to the bucket of the mixture).

Conditions.

Tomato seedlings are grown on the windowsill until the first decade - mid-May. By this time, healthy plants have reached a height of about 30 centimeters and have a bright green color. Now they can be planted in the greenhouse. Disembarkation is best done in the evening. And in a week you will need to carry out the first feeding.

Sowing.

They provide an even distribution of sunlight.

Picking.

How to properly plant tomatoes in a greenhouse? A seating arrangement is taken and carefully inserted into a previously made hole.

Disembarkation in the greenhouse.

Advice. The seedlings should not stretch too much, as all the nutrients will go to the root or trunk of the bush.

"Dina" is a very fertile variety with fruits up to 4.5 kg per bush.The soil must be constantly kept loose and moist. Tomatoes especially need moisture during fruit loading, when the optimum soil moisture should be 75–80% HB. So, during the filling of the first four brushes, the maximum water consumption by tomato plants is observed.

Experience in growing tomatoes near St. Petersburg. Part 1

Tomatoes should be harvested as they ripen, they can be stored for 70 to 100 days at a temperature of 10-14 ° C and an air humidity of 80-85%. Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is extremely profitable. The yield obtained in this way is 5-10 times higher than the volume of tomatoes grown in the open field.

The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings and the timing of planting it in the ground

Scheme of a strip-nesting method of planting tomatoes.

Sodium humate;

Phosphorus plays an important role at the beginning of the growing season, especially during flowering. At the beginning of the growing season, the ratio of N-P-K + 1: 2: 0.5. Let's look at a few examples.

When the micro-greenhouse appeared on sale, Zhivaya Zemlya, Rostok, and a coconut briquette began to use them.For example, in the following proportion: 1 part of three-year compost, 1/4 - "Sprout" or "Living Earth" (I add 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate, 1 tablespoon of azophoska to the bucket of the mixture).

How to care for planted plants in a greenhouse, continued in the next article:

This material is widely used in greenhouses that work all year round, since polycarbonate is frost-resistant and can withstand heavy loads. This indicator is especially important in those areas where there is a high level of precipitation in winter.

From above it is covered with soil and lightly rammed. Immediately along each row, you need to make additional holes that will be used in the watering process.

You need to water the seedlings only a few times during the period of its growth:

These are the most popular varieties and are most commonly used in tomato greenhouses.

Watering tomatoes in the greenhouse should be rare, but abundant enough, and the air should be dry. It is better to water the plants along the furrows formed in the aisles. When watering, the water must fill the furrow completely, and when it is absorbed, the soil surface must be mulched with peat, humus or dry soil.

Preparing seeds for sowing and soil for seedlings

Every summer resident should know how to grow tomatoes in his greenhouse, and for this he should have many different ways of growing these vegetables. And below you can see several photos of properly grown tomatoes in a greenhouse.

Most often, 7 or 8 flower brushes are left on one formed stem. Stepsons growing in the axils of roots and leaves must be removed as soon as they reach 8 cm in length. You can only leave one stepson (bottom), with one flower brush. The columns from broken stepchildren should be 2-3 cm. In this ecosystem, bees are not found, therefore, artificial pollination is required to set fruits in greenhouse tomatoes. To do this, in warm sunny weather, gently shaking each flower brush is carried out.

Wood ash.

Azofoska - its formula: N = 16%, P = 17%, K = 17%, i.e. N-P-K = 1: 1: 1. We need N-P-K = 1: 2: 0.5, i.e. at the beginning of the growing season, before flowering, there is not enough phosphorus. But I put it into the soil when I made the mixture. This means that when feeding before flowering, I can feed 1 time in 10-15 days with Azophos - 1 tablespoon per bucket of water.

Or like this: 1 part of a three-year compost, 1/4 - a microsteam or coconut briquette (I add 2 tablespoons of double superphosphate and 1 tablespoon of azofoska to a bucket of mixture).

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse. Part 2. Leaving.

Due to the fact that polycarbonate freely retains heat inside the structure, it will be possible to save on heating.

Advice. Such actions are carried out if only the root system is being watered.

The first time - when the first glimpses of the growth of the trunk or leaves appear.

It is also worth paying attention to when exactly the tomato seedlings are planted in the greenhouse. For some varieties, there is a specific time for such actions.

Irrigation rate and watering frequency depend on conditions. Roughly it is recommended to water the fruits twice a week at the rate of 12-15 liters per 1 m2, at the end of the growing season - less often. With a lack of moisture or with an uneven supply of it, there is a fall of flowers and ovaries, cracking and ugliness of the fruits and the appearance of apical rot. When watering, do not moisten plant leaves to avoid sunburn. To reduce air humidity, the greenhouse must be ventilated after each watering.

In order to obtain an earlier harvest, it is advisable to plant part of the tomato seedlings in the greenhouse under small-sized film shelters (tunnels, gable frames). Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse, which does not require large material costs, allows you to get ripe fruits 2-3 weeks earlier than from open ground.For planting under these shelters, early maturing determinant varieties are used.

For successful fertilization of tomato flowers, the soil should be watered immediately after pollination, and the flowers themselves should be watered with water from a spray bottle. For these purposes, the stimulant drug "Novosil" has proven itself well; it is successfully used for spraying on inflorescences at the rate of 30 drops per 1 liter of water.

Planting options for tomatoes.

Growing seedlings in an apartment

Kemira station wagon. Formula: N = 32%, P = 14%, K = 54% and 7 trace elements. There is clearly not enough phosphorus here. This means that you need to make a superphosphate extractor and water it, but if you have added superphosphate to the soil mixture, then you will not have to do the extractor. Now they sell a lot of fertilizers for feeding seedlings with correctly formulated formulas. Crystal-yellow - N-P-K = 13: 40: 13, readily soluble fertilizer, you can make a solution - 10 g per 10 liters of water and use with each watering.

• I mix the prepared soil mixture thoroughly, cover it with a film for 1-2 days or pour it into a bucket and close it tightly too. 2-3 days before sowing, I fill the boxes with this soil and spill it with hot water. If you bought soil, it is better to spill it with hot potassium permanganate of a dark color. I cover the drawers with foil, put them in a warm place. By the time of sowing, the soil will evenly warm up, "heal".
• Now, probably, there is no such garden plot or summer cottage where tomatoes would not grow in a greenhouse, a greenhouse or even in the open ground in the summer. Of course, the results of their cultivation are different: someone collects buckets of tomatoes that are bright with a unique aroma, while others do not have enough harvest for a summer salad. I want to tell you about my many years of experience in growing this interesting culture in our northern climate, which was previously considered a southerner. Now we can have red tomatoes every year.
• It is very easy to work with and low cost.

Watch the video showing an example of planting tomato seedlings in the greenhouse soil.

The second - watering is performed in 1.5-2 weeks, a few hours before the tomatoes are planted in the greenhouse.

How are tomato seedlings grown

To form an additional root system during loosening, the soil from the aisle is gradually poured into rows to the lower part of the stem. Plants are spud in rows, and an irrigation furrow is formed in the aisles. These furrows have to be walked on when caring for the plants and during the harvest. In this regard, the soil in the furrows is strongly compacted. Therefore, it must be periodically loosened with a pitchfork without turning the layer. This is best done before the next watering. To make the soil less compacted in the furrows, it is advisable to put wooden gratings (ladders) in the furrows.

The thermal regime in small-sized film shelters using only solar heating is determined by climatic conditions and time of day. According to the TSKhA, on sunny days, the air temperature in them is 10-15 ° C higher, and on cloudy days - 2-3 ° C higher than in the open field. Soil temperature in sunny weather is 2–4 degrees higher. The air humidity under the film reaches 85 - 100%, which is undesirable for tomatoes. To reduce air humidity, it is necessary to regularly ventilate the shelters. The polyethylene film has a high permeability to thermal infrared rays, which leads to a large drop in temperature at night. The difference with the open ground in the early stages of planting is no more than one degree, so it is necessary to take measures to warm the plantings. With the expected drop in air temperature, the shelters are additionally covered with matting, burlap, thick paper since the evening. Tomatoes can be protected from small frosts in May (up to minus 2 ° C) by watering the soil under cover.

After 2 hours, the door and the window in the greenhouse should be opened, this is necessary to reduce the humidity of the air. For tomatoes, ventilation is imperative during flowering.It is very important that condensation does not form on the walls of the greenhouse, because waterlogged soil reduces the sugar content in tomato fruits and makes them excessively watery.

Growing seedlings is rightfully considered the most crucial stage, planting tomatoes in a greenhouse begins with it. This stage requires maximum concentration of attention and patience, because the quality of the final harvest depends on the health and strength of the grown seedlings. Before sowing, tomato seeds are checked for fullness by immersing them in a 5% saline solution for 5 minutes.

Sowing

A great practice in growing tomatoes A.I. Mishorkin makes the following solution: 1 teaspoon of ammonium nitrate + 2 teaspoons of double superphosphate + 0.5 teaspoon of potassium nitrate +1 teaspoon of magnesium sulfate per 10 liters of water. He waters the plants with it instead of simply watering it with water. Often gardeners complain: "The leaves of the seedlings are twisted into a tube." And it happens to me. Several factors affect here, one of them is the lack of phosphorus. For the last three years I have been using fertilizers from the Buisk plant when feeding seedlings. They dissolve easily, the formulas are formulated correctly. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase such fertilizers, use Azofoska, but once the seedlings must be fed with microelements according to the instructions. No trace elements - feed with ash once. Many years ago there was not a large range of fertilizers, but we grew tomatoes, maybe only a little worse than now.

In order for the plants to grow healthy, strong, so that they give out a full-fledged crop, it is necessary to provide all their needs for water, soil, light and heat. I studied the works of North-West practitioners P.Z. Stukanov, A.M. Mazenkov, A.I. Mishorkin, as well as scientists O.A. Ganichkina, Sh.G. Bekseeva, I.B. Garanko. This is how the picture of the temperature regime when growing tomatoes looks like (each of them has developed temperature regime tables):

They depend on many factors, i.e. every gardener has an individual approach here. According to the standard of the 40-50s, the age of seedlings of determinant varieties was 60 days, of indeterminate ones - 70-75 days. At that time, the assortment of tomato varieties was very limited. Now gardeners also have superdeterminate varieties and hybrids that can bloom after the 5th leaf (at the age of 45-50 days), determinant ones can bloom after the 5th or 7th leaf, indeterminate ones - after the 9th or 11th sheet. This means that the gardener must take into account many factors: what varieties he will grow and when to plant them in the ground; what will be the illumination when growing seedlings and what will be the temperature; close to seedlings or very free to her; what is the feeding area and is the soil good. But the most important factor that determines the sowing time is the time of planting in the ground.

Polycarbonate does not burn, but can only melt. In such a process, no harmful substances are released into the atmosphere, that is, it is environmentally friendly.

The first day the seedlings are not watered, since its root system is already moistened, and then you need to choose the optimal watering method:

Seedling care

Advice. You need to water the seedlings with slightly warm water, a temperature of 20 degrees.

Top dressing

No one will argue with the fact that it will be cheaper to grow tomato seedlings on their own than to buy ready-made ones. If there is a desire to start a greenhouse business, it will be more rational at the initial stage to save your money, which can eventually be invested in the development of a business project.

• If, during the main filling of the soil, a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers was applied, then additional fertilizing is not necessary. It is better to judge the need for top dressing by the results of agrochemical analyzes, but this is associated with certain difficulties for amateur vegetable growers. A visual assessment of the condition of plants gives some idea of ​​the level of their mineral nutrition.However, the absence of symptoms of a lack of nutrients does not mean that the plants do not need one or another fertilizer. In order for the soil to have a constant supply of nutrients, it is advisable to give 3-4 additional fertilizing per season. Roughly, you can use the doses recommended for open ground. Both organic and mineral supplements are used. The best results are obtained with top dressing in a dissolved form. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, microfertilizers are also required. Good results are obtained by feeding with completely soluble complex fertilizers (crystallin, crystallon, etc.). It is necessary to be especially careful when using nitrogen fertilizers. Since when there is an excess of them, the plants "fatten", and in the fruits an excess content of nitrates and nitrites harmful to the human body accumulates.
• After watering, the shelter is closed at 16-17 o'clock so that internal evaporation occurs. On the inner side of the film, with a subsequent decrease in air temperature, as a result of condensation of water vapor, a thin layer of water is formed, which reduces heat transfer. The next day, the shelter should be well ventilated to reduce air humidity. This is the technology of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse.
• For successful cultivation, the quality of the fruits and an increase in the amount of the crop, you need to water the seedlings every 5-6 days, for 1 m² you need 4-5 liters of water. During flowering and before fruit setting, increased watering is required, 10-15 liters per 1 m². Make sure that the water temperature is always 20-22 ° C - this is very important.

The floating seeds are removed, and those that have sunk to the bottom are washed with water, after which the seeds are disinfected in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes, and then washed again with water. After that, a napkin soaked in water is placed in a bowl or plate and seeds are laid out on it, which must be covered with some kind of lid to prevent moisture from escaping.

L. Klimtseva, gardener-practitioner

Before germination + 24 ... + 28 ° С;

For example, I plant seedlings in a greenhouse on May 1-5. I grow indeterminate hybrids of Dutch and Russian selection. Since in my apartment, where seedlings of peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers grow, there are only two fluorescent lamps for illumination, I know that the seedlings will not bloom early, although I fulfill all other conditions. Such hybrids can be planted with the first buds that appear, some with a blossoming brush, which means I boldly give them 70-75 days from the day of germination, i.e. seedlings should appear on February 15th. By sowing, I create such conditions that they germinate in 2-3 days.

You can mount it on any material. As a rule, it is used on the metal frames of greenhouses.

Drip irrigation.