Scheme, terms and rules for planting grapes

Get high yields grapes - it's not easy. The gardener needs to have both the ability to choose such plant varieties that will take root well on the site, and the practical skills to create conditions for the effective growth of a delicate culture.

A heat-loving plant - grapes - feels comfortable in regions with a mild climate. For culture, frost at twenty degrees is terrible, and the roots freeze out at minus six. It is interesting that the berry culture has both growth buds and fruit buds. From the fruit, the development of shoots begins, which bear several carpal inflorescences, which then turn into bunches of juicy berries. In obtaining a grape harvest, the vine must be correctly placed on the site, observing the terms and rules.

Content:

• An overview of the best grape varieties to grow
• Preparation of soil and seedlings
• Planting a young vine: scheme, timing and rules
• Caring for grapes after planting

An overview of the best grape varieties to grow

The acquisition of varietal seedlings plays a large role in the future during ripening. grapes... Depending on the climate, they choose according to the timing of the full ripening of the culture - early, middle and late. For areas with harsh winters and short summers, early varieties are suitable. The goal of growing a crop plays an important role in the choice. For the sale and consumption of fresh berries, table plant species are needed. Their berries are tastier, larger, and in wines, they are smaller and sour. The vigor of the vines is important in order to get large yields from the vines. Do not forget that the fruits are obtained by pollination of flowers. Therefore, it is necessary to have both a vine with male flowers, and female or bisexual.

The most common grape varieties are the time-tested ones:

• Kodryanka is classified as a super-early plant species. There are many sweet berries in the cylindrical bunches of the variety. They note the immunity of grapes to diseases, cold weather.
• Conical bunches of Tabriz with large light green berries become ripe in 130 days. The only drawback of the table look is its fear of frost.
• In mid-August, you can enjoy the delicious greenish grapes of the Pearl of Saba. The nutmeg flavor makes the fruit unique.
• Rkatsiteli is appreciated for its unpretentiousness, frost resistance, undemandingness to the ground. The vine is characterized by an erect stem of a reddish hue. The berries are used both for making tart wine and for food.
• Aligote is harvested in September. Each bunch weighing more than one hundred grams consists of large yellowish-green berries with delicate pulp. The leaves and petioles of fruit bushes are reddish.
• Of the black varieties, Merlot is known. Its black, waxy grapes have a nightshade flavor. They are good for making wines, especially since the vine gives high yields.
• With a prolonged hot period, a hybrid ripens after a hundred days Victoria... He weighs two kilograms of bunches. They note its high resistance to diseases, low temperatures.
• The pink Taifi grapes with the aroma of nutmeg are very tasty. It ripens within 115 days, with stable yields, the weight of one bunch can reach one and a half kilograms.

Breeders are breeding more and more new varieties of horticultural crops, so you can choose the grape that is suitable for growing in any climate.

Preparation of soil and seedlings

They begin to lay a vineyard by choosing a place for it. These should be sunny areas without exposure to cold winds. The slopes of the south, southwest, west are ideal for a vineyard. For an additional source of heat, nearby wooden buildings that heat up during the day are suitable. The distance to them should be a meter and a half.

The soil is prepared, starting with plowing sixty to eighty centimeters deep and ending with digging a hole.

The pit will be up to eighty centimeters deep and up to one meter wide. Lay on the bottom compostrotted manure, mineral fertilizers... Clay soil is diluted with broken brick, fine stone, coarse sand. This improves the permeability of heavy soil. You can improve the composition of sandy soil by digging it with manure, black soil. Pits for spring planting are prepared in the fall so that they sag sufficiently and are well saturated with moisture.

The vineyard is laid with annual seedlings. Before planting, the roots of the vine are pruned by 15-20 centimeters. Then the young branches are dipped into the water for two days. The aerial part is also pruned, leaving two strong buds. For disinfection, the roots of grapes are dipped for 5 minutes in a solution prepared from 10 liters of water, 400 grams of clay, two hundred grams of hexachlorane. And before planting - in a chatterbox of clay and manure. You can add growth stimulants to it - Fumar, Sodium humate. Only the right preparation for planting the vine will give a positive result of planting a plantation.

Planting a young vine: scheme, timing and rules

The planting scheme for seedlings is as follows: the distance between the rows is from two to three meters, and between the bushes - at least one and a half. When the selected seedlings are unisexual, varieties with male and female flowers are planted next to them for pollination. A positive point in the establishment of a plantation is the choice of the planting date. And it is spring that is suitable for planting, because the seedlings take root better and they will not be afraid of winter. The site chosen for the vineyard should run from north to south, which will allow the plants to stay, bask in the sun during the day.

And also the vine that is planted before mid-May will bear fruit earlier.

You can plant in autumn grape, but not all bushes will survive the winter. If the seedlings were purchased in the autumn, then they can be stored in a dark and humid place by immersing the roots in the sand. It is important here that the roots do not overheat, do not become moldy, so the storage temperature should be no more than six degrees above zero.

After wintering, the planting material is fumigated with sulfurous anhydrite, obtained as a result of the combustion of colloidal sulfur. The substance in the amount of fifty grams per cubic meter is laid out on metal trays or lids and set on fire for thirty minutes. The room should be closed from the entry of people and animals there, as the gas has toxic properties. After airing, the seedlings are prepared for planting.

Landing rules:

• The vine is planted on a cloudy day or in the evening, so as not to burn the leaves with the hot rays of the sun.
• They straighten the roots of the bush, and immerse it in a hole, carefully placing it on the bottom.
• As soon as the hole is filled with earth, the seedling is slightly pulled up by the crown. This will help the roots to lie down freely in the ground, taking the desired position.
• After planting, the two buds on the seedlings should be above ground level. They are then covered with earth so that there is no premature blooming.
• After the procedure, the bushes are poured abundantly with water at room temperature.
• To protect the seedlings from frost, cover the plantings with foil at night, airing them during the day.

In the summer, two shoots grow from the buds, which must be tied vertically to the stakes. The appeared stepsons pinch over the third sheet. And young shoots coming out of the ground are removed by breaking out. If the planting procedure is carried out carefully, with knowledge of the matter, then the vineyard will give good yields and develop correctly.

Caring for grapes after planting

Further care for young plantings is simple:

1. During the summer, it is necessary to shovel the soil twenty-five centimeters deep and cut off the surface roots.
2. At the end of summer, the top of the shoots must be pinched, and in mid-October, cut off that part of the vine that is not ripe.
3. Before the onset of cold weather, having untied them from the stakes, the grape branches are laid in trenches and covered with a layer of earth, then with humus, then again with earth. Each layer is not less than twenty centimeters. In this case, the shoots must be dry, otherwise they will die.
4. In the spring, after removing the shelter, the vine is dried and pruned, leaving two buds on each shoot. So already four new branches appear. Leaving two buds on them, by the fall they get eight.
5. Shoots without flowers - vegetative - are broken out or cut in half every year.
6. In fruiting branches, the top is pinched on the first day, as soon as the flowers bloom. The stepsons are also removed on them. This promotes the active supply of nutrients to the bunches.
7. Vineyards are watered twice a summer; two or three buckets of water per bush are considered the norm. Last watering will be at the beginning of October.
8. Feed the vine bird droppings, diluted in water, at the end of summer - wood ash one hundred grams per bush.
9. It is imperative to weed and loosen the ground under the vines.

You can enjoy delicious grapes for a long time if you care for them with love.

More information can be found in the video: