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All fire-fighting personal life-saving equipment is divided into two types:
- insulating;
- filtering.
Insulating RPEs completely block the access of harmful substances from the external environment to a person. The design of such a kit includes an oxygen cylinder. In the first moments, a briquette with an oxygen-releasing composition is activated. Such means of protection are divided into a general purpose and a special one.
Filtering fire protection products are ready to go, designed for children from 7 years old and adults. Compact size, ease of use, low cost - all this makes these products available to a wide range of consumers. But the downside is that they are disposable.
Popular brands of filter media include Phoenix and Chance. In cases of man-made disasters, terrorist acts, when poisonous chemicals are in the air, they will save many human lives.
Consider the characteristics of the insulating kit.
- A person can be in this type of RPE for up to 150 minutes. It depends on several parameters - respiratory rate, activity, balloon volume.
- They can be heavy, up to four kilograms, while creating inconvenience and stress.
- Maximum allowable temperature: +200 C - no more than a minute, average temperature is + 60C.
- The isolation rescuers are valid for five years.
Features of the filtering model "Chance".
- Protection time from 25 minutes to one hour, it depends on the presence of toxic substances.
- It has no metal parts, the mask is held in place by elastic fasteners. This makes donning and adjusting easier.
- Almost all models are equipped with filters no heavier than 390 g, and only a few reach a weight of 700 g.
- The hood's resistance to damage and bright color enhances the ability to rescue.
Properties of the Phoenix self-rescuer.
- Usage time - up to 30 minutes.
- A capacious volume that allows you not to take off your glasses, it can be worn by people with a beard and large hair.
- Can be used for a child - its weight is 200 g.
- Good visibility, but does not tolerate temperatures over 60 C.
Which rescue equipment is better depends on the situation, but the self-contained self-rescuer still offers a higher guarantee of protection. On February 1, 2019, the national standard - GOST R 58202-2018 came into force. Organizations, companies, institutions are obliged to provide employees and visitors with RPE.
FILTER NEGATIVE
The filtering self-rescuer is in a special position precisely because of its convenience. Here, the principle of operation is as follows: the air inhaled by a person is cleaned in the combined filter of the self-rescuer and exhaled into the environment.
- Filtering self-rescuers are completely ready for action and do not have bulky additional elements. Can be used by both adults and children over seven years old, explains Alexey Pavlov. - It is convenient to keep this type of self-rescuer at home, since it is small and easy to use.
True, due to the fact that the filtering means use air that comes from the outside, the self-rescuer is suitable for use only when the oxygen content in the medium is at least 17%. Another feature is one-time use.
How to use?
During an emergency, keep calm. Panic in such cases can deprive a person of all chances of salvation. The first thing to do during the evacuation is to get the mask out of the airtight bag. Then insert your hands into the opening, stretching it to put it on your head, while not forgetting that the filter should be opposite the nose and mouth.
The hood should fit snugly to the body, the hair is tucked in, and the elements of clothing do not interfere with the fit of the rescue hood. Elastic band or straps allow you to adjust the fit. In an emergency, the self-rescuer must be used as quickly as possible, while remembering to do everything right.
For a detailed overview of the SIP-1M insulating fire-fighting self-rescuer, see the following video.