GOST 7502-98 metal measuring tape. technical conditions

Locksmith measuring equipment

Most often, locksmiths work with metal parts. Therefore, the areas of application of the measuring tool for locksmith work are, first of all, mechanical engineering and metalworking. Such equipment has increased accuracy.

In addition to the tape measure, the main locksmith measuring device is a vernier caliper. It is used to measure the dimensions of the drilled holes.

The caliper is similar in design to the caliper. The difference lies in the special support. The tool kit includes stands. They can be measuring and marking. The device is used if you need to mark parts, measure the height and depth of the holes.

13.6. ECLIMETERS

The angles of inclination necessary for calculating horizontal distances, not exceeding 10 °, are measured with eclimeters (from the Greek words ekklino - I reject and metreo - I measure), and angles greater than 10 ° - by a vertical circle of theodolite. The simplest eclimeter (Fig. 13.11) consists of a ruler with attached to it in a semicircle. The radius s perpendicular to the top edge of the ruler is labeled with zero on the semicircle. Degree divisions, signed up to 90 °, go to either side of zero. A plumb line is attached to the center from a semicircle g.

Rice. 13.18. Measuring the angle of inclination with a plumb bob

With the horizontal position of the upper edge ab of the ruler, the cord must pass through the zero stroke of the semicircle. The eclimeter is attached to a K-rail with a metal tip.
To measure the angle of inclination, the eclimeter is installed at point A (Fig. 13.18), and at point B - a milestone with the height i of the instrument marked on it at point T. The upper edge ab of the ruler is directed to point T and notice, near which the line on the semicircle will be a calmed line with a plumb line. This reading represents the slope value v, since the plumb line cg is perpendicular to AB 'and c is perpendicular to AB.
An eclimeter with a plumb line can be made on a piece of cardboard, plywood, etc., for which a semicircle is drawn, the diameter of which is parallel to the edge of this piece. In the center of the semicircle, a perpendicular to the diameter is restored. The point of its intersection with the semicircle is signed with zero. Using a protractor, degree divisions are applied in both directions from zero. A thin lace with a sinker is attached to the center of the semicircle.
More perfect is the Brandis eclimeter. In the round metal case of the device 1 (Fig. 13.19, a), a metal pendulum disk 8 (Fig. 13.18, b) rotates on the horizontal axis, on the rim 7 of which there are degree divisions from 0 ° to ± 60 °. Divisions below zero - with a plus sign, above zero - a minus sign. The pendulum disk has a weight 9, under the action of which the zero diameter is located in the horizontal position. A sighting tube 3 with an eye diopter 5 and an object diopter with a horizontal thread 2 is attached to the eclimeter body. To bring the eclimeter into working condition, press button 4.

Rice. 13.19. Eclimeter

To measure the angle of inclination, the observer stands at the starting point and sights with the eclimeter tube at the mark on the pole, standing at the next point. The mark marks the height of the observer's eye and, therefore, the line of sight will be parallel to the terrain line. By pressing the button 4, the observer counts through the magnifying glass 6. The eclimeter allows you to measure tilt angles with an accuracy of 0.5 °.

Rice. 13.20. Eclimeter of Brandis

A working eclimeter is required to comply with the following condition: the zero diameter of the freely suspended ring must occupy a horizontal position.
Verification is carried out by measuring the angle of inclination of the same terrain line in the forward and reverse directions. If the eclimeter is correct, the results will be the same both times.

Best Geodesic Roulettes

The device is used to measure the length and width of land plots, the distance from one object to another.It differs significantly in design from household or construction. The measuring band is made of a synthetic building material - fiberglass. After marking, it is wound into a bobbin and placed in a case made of technical plastic.

Total TMT 710506

Geodetic tape measure 50 m is designed to measure distances on the ground. The striped canvas is made of thin flexible plastic with a protective layer. Placed in a frame-type case with a comfortable handle. On the side there is a handle-pedal for unwinding the measuring band. At the end of the web there is a fastener in the form of a wide ring, into which a peg is usually driven to fix it.

Dignity

• Housing with rubber elements for shock resistance;
• Comfortable handle;
• Reliable mechanism;
• Wide loop toe.

disadvantages

Open body, tape is susceptible to deterioration during storage.

Cobalt 646-881

Reliable measuring tape in a round case made of good quality blue plastic. On the side there is a handle for winding the web. Several models are available with different lengths: 50, 100 and 150 m. The measuring blade is flexible, made of steel with bright markings that can be seen from afar. One of the notable drawbacks of the tape measure is the lack of a handle on the body, which is why the device is not very comfortable to hold.

Dignity

• Wide tape;
• Closed protective case, the tape measure is convenient to store;
• Good quality plastic;
• Reliable mechanism.

disadvantages

The toe is narrow and triangular.

Features and scope

Unlike conventional construction and hydrogeological tape measures, the size of which is often limited to 10 meters, the geodetic model is distinguished by its long length, reaching 30, 50 and even 100 m. Moreover, 100-meter tapes are the most popular. There are also 20-meter samples, however, due to their insufficient length, they are much less often used by specialists.

All geodetic models are designed to work in extreme climatic conditions and are capable of operating in a temperature range of -40 to 50 degrees and 100 percent humidity. Moreover, thanks to the use of durable, but at the same time elastic materials, the tape is not afraid of knocks, breaks, strong bends and loops. Resistance to deformation is especially necessary when using the instrument on difficult terrain in difficult measuring conditions.

The scope of application of geodetic tape measures is quite wide. They are used to determine the distances between points located at a considerable distance from each other. The tool is indispensable for geodetic, cartographic and topographic works, as well as in construction and when surveying garden plots. It is used to measure age-related horizontal deformations of the land, determine the points of coordinates of various objects, carry out land surveying and spatial-geometric measurements with further application of the results to plans and maps.

In addition to geodesy and cartography, roulette is widely used in the development of territories and the formation of landscapes, as well as in athletics competitions, where it is used to measure the flight range of a spear, hammer or ball.

The best tape measures 8 meters long

Such tools do not differ from the representatives of the previous section, but they are more bulky in size and have a wider range of applications. According to feedback and expert observations, the measuring tapes are thicker and wider, which makes them less likely to break during operation.

Vira 100045

Popular construction tape, the body is oval, rubberized, black, has red inserts. The device has an automatic tape holder and an additional manual one. The hook for fastening is wide, equipped with a magnet for convenient work with metal surfaces. The 19mm tape is covered with a thin layer of transparent nylon and bends gently without creases. Measurement with the Vira 100045 tape measure can be performed in centimeters or inches.

Dignity

• The tape has a nylon coating;
• Magnetic stop;
• Automatic fixation;
• Rubberized body;
• Unusual design.

disadvantages

The error is 1 mm.

If you use a tape measure for a long time in humid conditions, then it gradually begins to rust. The oval body of the device looks nice, but it is not always convenient to hold it in the hand.

Archimedes 90124

The device has a plastic case covered with a thin layer of red polypropylene. The measuring tape is made of plastic, has a layer of enamel with an anti-corrosion layer, which allows you to work in wet conditions and keep the web. The centimeter scale is symmetrically duplicated on the second side of the tape. The device is equipped with an automatic tape lock, but there is an additional button on the case for manual fastening. At the end of the tape there is a metal hook with a slotted hole for fixing on screws, nails, etc. The tape measure is equipped with a convenient strap for attaching to a belt or wrist.

Dignity

• The body has a protective rubber coating;
• Blade width 25 mm;
• Additional retainer;
• Two-sided scale.

disadvantages

The hole on the hook is not round and does not allow for fixation.

The top layer of polypropylene protects the tape measure from drops, but inside the plastic is of poor quality, so the inside of the devices is often severely damaged. The button for manual fixing is too tight, it is not always convenient to use it during operation.

Black + Decker BDHT0-30099

Inexpensive tape measure with a black and orange plastic case with rubber inserts for better grip and protection from impacts when dropped. Tool for 8 m, the tape is made of steel coated with wear-resistant enamel, the width of the blade is not less than 25 mm. Thanks to this width, the device is wrinkle-resistant. The measuring tape is double-sided: one scale is in centimeters, the other is in inches. The toe at the end is wide, adheres well to the edge of the material, and has a round hole. The latch is automatic; there is a button on the body for additional manual fixation.

Dignity

• Automatic lock;
• The body is covered with a thin layer of rubber;
• Belt mount;
• Measuring tape covered with enamel;
• High-impact plastic housing.

disadvantages

Insecure fastening of the toe.

The users mostly got only good impressions of this model. The length of the tape is sufficient for measuring medium-sized structures.

Best hammers according to customer reviews

13.3. PREPARING THE LINE FOR MEASUREMENT

Before measuring, the line is fixed, hung and cleaned. Anchoring consists in installing temporary or permanent signs at the ends of the line (see Fig. 13.6) and milestones. The long straight line is indicated by intermediate milestones. The designation of a line on the ground by a number of sheer poles that are in the same vertical plane is called line hanging. It is necessary so that during the measurement process it was possible to lay the tape with as small deviations as possible from the alignment - the vertical plane passing through the ends of the line.
Use milestones from factory production or made from scrap materials; their length is 1.5 - 2.5 m, thickness is 4 - 6 cm.

Rice. 13.16. Hanging lines:
a - the way of hanging on oneself; b - preparation of data for hanging a line in the forest; c - traversing a tree; d, d - hanging over a hill (side and top view);
A, B - the ends of the lines; С, D, E, F - auxiliary points; β - auxiliary angle;
1, 2, 3, D, 1 ″, 2 ″, 2 ″ - milestones; l - offset of the alignment when traversing the tree

Hanging the line is usually carried out by the method "on oneself", using a theodolite or binoculars (Fig. 13.16, a). The first milestone is placed along the cross of the threads as far from the instrument as possible. Subsequent milestones are placed between the rear pole and the instrument, gradually approaching the instrument. The milestones are placed at a distance of about 50 m from one another.
If it is necessary to lay a straight line between points A and B, the mutual visibility between which is closed by the forest (Figure 13.16, b), point C is selected to the side of the line, from which points A and B are visible.In the direction of the AC in front of the forest plot, a pole D is placed and the distances AD, DC and BC are measured with a survey tape, and the angle β at point C is measured with a compass. The same angle is laid at point D and a pole F is placed on its side. Then the segment DE = BC is calculated. × AD / AC and put it on the DF direction. Point E is in alignment with the AB line and serves as a reference point when hanging it.
Hanging a straight line in the forest, large trees on the line are not cut down, but bypassed by milestones (Fig. 13.16, c). To do this, about 10 m from the tree on the line to be laid, three milestones are placed, then they are rearranged strictly along the perpendiculars to the line to the right or left at a certain distance, for example, 0.5 m, measured with a tape measure. A new section is created parallel to the specified line. It is continued behind the tree, also showing three milestones. The latter are shifted in the same way to the direction of the line being laid and continue to hang it.
In the case when the visibility between the ends of the AB line (13.16, g) is closed by a hill, the section is created as follows. At arbitrary points on opposite slopes of the hill near its top, milestones 1 'and 2' are placed (Fig. 13.16, e). Sighting from point 2 'to the pole A, transfer the pole from point 1' to the line of sight at point 1 ". Then, sighting along the line 1 ″ -B, set on it a milestone 2 ″, taken from point 2 ′. These actions are repeated and finished when milestones 1 and 2 are exactly on the AB line. When clearing the line, deadwood is removed from it, shrubs are cut down, and tall grass is mowed.

Roulette body

A qualified craftsman, only seeing the case of a roulette wheel, can tell about its quality. Naturally, plastic is a rather unreliable material for such a tool. Despite this, most roulettes are made from it.

Better to stay on the rubberized case. It fits comfortably in the hand and is pleasant to work with. A dense rubberized insert at the outlet allows you to protect the tape from deformation and scratching of the protective layer, which occurs due to the contact of the measuring tape with the body.

Having looked at the photos of imported roulettes, you will notice that the clamps pressing the mechanism are arranged somewhat differently than in domestic counterparts. When the web is decelerated, it is not subject to friction; the entire load falls on the drum inside the wound band.

High precision roulettes are characterized by the presence of electronics located in the body itself. In this way, you can quickly measure the required length to the nearest millimeter.

The bubble level will also help to improve the accuracy of measurements, which allows you to control the accuracy of the laying of building materials.

Based on the foregoing, despite all the variety in the catalog of measuring tape measures, it is necessary to select this instrument carefully so that it will serve its owner for a long time.

Which measuring tape is better to buy

It is recommended to choose a measuring device, taking into account its scope of application. If you need a tape measure for one-time home use, any inexpensive option will do. But when you need a device for constant work on any object, devote more time to the search. Recommended criteria for choosing a roulette wheel:

• The most compact device - Stanley FATMAX FMHT1-33856;
• Standard low-cost device for household work - Gross Schlagfest 31111;
• Measuring tape of increased accuracy - Vira 100045;
• A popular device for large-scale construction work is the Archimedes 90124.

Although a tape measure is a simple gimmick, it can differ in many ways. The choice of a professional tool should be approached with all seriousness, as small inaccuracies can lead to big troubles. The rating of the best roulettes of 2020 will help you make the right choice.

Tips for choosing measuring tape

In order for the tool to serve you for a long time, you need to competently approach its choice.

Locking mechanism

• Manual is a button on the body, if pressed, the tape will not fold.
• An automatic stopper will block the twisting of the tape, to collect the tape you need to press the button.

Automatic models are less reliable, therefore, with constant operation, this must be taken into account.

Attachment of the hook

3 rivets are considered the best for secure fixation, this will significantly reduce the possibility of breaking off. Some hooks with a magnet will provide a secure hold on metal surfaces.

For difficult conditions, where the tool may fall, it is better to choose a rubberized, durable body. These models will be bulkier than compact ones that fit in your pocket.

Ribbon stiffness

The more the hardness of the coating, the longer the device will serve. You can check by removing the tape until it breaks. The best in terms of quality will be models where up to a fracture of more than 150 cm. Tapes with a shorter fracture length will break faster and lose their markings.

The listed recommendations will help you in choosing measuring instruments.

Measuring tape of which company is better to choose

Many companies around the world are engaged in the manufacture of measuring instruments - these are representatives of large companies or small industries. Among a whole range of manufacturers, the following have shown themselves well:

• Stanley is an American firm founded in 1843 that produced door hardware. Today the company produces working tools, organizers and storage systems.
• Armero is one of the most recognized brands in the world for the manufacture of small tools for repair and construction. The company produces painting and plastering products, saws and hammers, plumbing and assembly tools.
• Gross - the company produces premium class carpentry and construction tools from durable, reliable materials that serve for decades. In recent years, the company has presented a line of workwear and accessories for assembly work.
• Vira - presents hand tools for homework and production, a wide range of consumables for machine tools. Vira tools are highly ergonomic and compact.
• Archimedes is a company that produces reliable construction devices that solve most of the tasks. The brand's products contain professional garden equipment, and the measuring products of this company are highly accurate.
• Black + Decker - a company specializing in the production of small household appliances, electronic and mechanical hand tools for the home. In recent years, the company has been developing mechanisms to improve the performance of large construction equipment.
• Bison is one of the most famous Russian manufacturers of a wide range of quality tools for household and industrial use. For the last 20 years, the company has entered the global trading level, its clients are construction companies in Italy, France and Portugal.
• RGK is a company specializing in the production and release of measuring instruments, both electronic and mechanical. The assortment of the company includes: thermal imagers, electronic thermometers with increased functionality, laser levels.
• Total is an extensive network of building materials and construction equipment manufacturing, which includes firms in Europe, USA, Canada and Asia. This allows for frequent product updates, extensive product testing, and the use of a large number of the latest materials for development.
• Cobalt - manufactures high-precision instruments from high-quality materials. The production was registered in 1955, initially specialized in car parts. The firm has representatives throughout the country, as well as in the territory of the CIS countries.

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13.4. PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING LINE WITH EARTH TAPE

The measurement is carried out by two measurers - front and rear. The second (back) takes one hairpin, and the first - all the others (10 or 5) and, unwinding the tape, goes along the line. The rear pin puts the hairpin at the starting point, hooks the end of the tape to it and shows the front one how to lay the tape into the target. While in line, the front measurer shakes the tape, places it on the ground and inserts a pin into the front slot of the tape.
Having completed the first installation of the tape, the rear gauge removes the pin from the ground, and the front one gently disengages the tape from the engagement with the pin and leaves the latter in the ground. Taking the tape by the handles, the measurers go forward along a given line and stop when the rear measurer approaches the hairpin left in the ground by the front ones. As described above, lay the second tape. In the future, the measurers repeat their actions until the front one has used up all the studs; the rear one transfers to him the collected studs, except for one located in the ground, and they continue the measurement. The number of gears of the studs is noted by both gauges.
Approaching the end point, they count the remainder to the nearest 0.01 m (the distance between the last pin and the end of the line) and calculate the length of the line.
The line must be measured in the opposite direction and from the two results, if they converge within the tolerance, calculate the average length Dcp and add to it a correction for comparing the tape.

13.5. REDUCTION OF SLOPED LINES TO HORIZON

Horizontal gaps and terrain lines are applied to a plan or map. To calculate the length d of the horizontal distance AB ′ measure the length S of the sloping line AB of the terrain and its angle of inclination v. Having solved the right-angled triangle ABB ', you can determine the value of the horizontal distance dd = S cos v

Rice. 13.17. Horizontal distance of the line

The horizontal distance of the line d is always less than its length S on the Earth's surface by the value ΔsΔs = S - d = S - S cos v = S (1 - cos v).
Usually the value of Δs is determined using a table, then: d = S - Δs.

Line slope corrections (in meters)

Table 13.1

Example. Calculate the length of the horizontal distance d of the measured inclined terrain line with a length of S = 167.38 m, the angle of inclination of which is v = 6 ° 15 ′.
We represent the measured value of the length S in the form 100 + 60 + 7 + 0.3 + 0.08 and for each value we will find, using Table 13.1, the corrections for each term at the angles of inclination of 6 ° and 7 °.

The difference between the correction values ​​for 7º and 6º, i.e. for 1º is
1.247 - 0.917 = 0.330 m.
To find out what will be the difference in corrections between 6º15 ′ and 6º00 ′ we make up the proportion.
60 ′ (1º) - 0.330 m
15 ′ - x mx = 15 × 0.33 / 60 = 0.082 m.
Adding this difference to the value of the correction for an angle of inclination of 6 °, we obtain the correction Δs for an angle of inclination of 6 ° 15 ′
0.917 + 0.082 = 0.999 ≈ 1.00 m.
The length d of the horizontal distance will be
167.38 - 1.00 = 166.38 m.

Characteristics and purpose

It is impossible to do without a measuring tape in such areas as construction, agricultural work, equipment installation, measurements of sewing patterns and so on. A tape measure is a simple device, but its importance is difficult to underestimate. It is used everywhere and is made in accordance with strict GOSTs. You can meet a tape measure with a lock both in the pocket of the foreman's overalls and at the head of the geodetic artel. Wherever it is necessary to measure length, width or height, a tape measure is vital.

There are several types of roulettes, each with its own characteristics and characteristics. The simplest of them is structured as follows:

• the canvas with which the measurement takes place is a narrow strip with a scale and a number;
• plastic case, into which the canvas is automatically retracted;
• metal or PVC "hook" that allows you to fix the tip.

The last device should be functional, it allows you to work even on weight, using the device with one hand. There is also a tape measure with two hooks, sometimes they are extremely necessary when you have to measure, for example, metal trusses during the construction of a foundry. The fixing device is attached to the tape itself, which makes it possible to fix the canvas in the desired position. The design consists of a dynamic slider that fixes the canvas. In some modifications, an auto-stop is installed on the device. The spring is one of the main elements that ensures the comfortable operation of the device. Thanks to the spring, the canvas can automatically roll up.

The standard roulette parameters (by body) are as follows:

• length - 57 mm;
• width - 14 mm;
• height - 59 mm.

The standard weight of a regular product ranges from 140-145 grams.