Do-it-yourself fireplace stove: drawings and the process of laying a brick fireplace stove

Conversion instructions

Converting a stove into a fireplace is not required so often, usually such work is planned when there is already a stove in the house, but it is used extremely rarely. Having spent not so much time and money, you can make a beautiful and stylish fireplace from such a stove, which will not only heat the house, but also become a real decoration for any interior. Stoves are not so difficult to convert into decorative structures.

Often such stoves are located in kitchens, in central rooms, they do not take up much space, but their appearance is not always aesthetically pleasing. Therefore, you can safely take on the alteration and use the fireplace as an additional source for heating the room.

To transform the stove into a comfortable and beautiful fireplace, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

• stove brick and refractory, its volume depends on how much the stove will have to be redone as much as possible;
• building level;
• Bulgarian;
• cement;
• clay masonry mortar;
• chimney ready-made pipe (if the old one has to be completely removed);
• Master OK;
• putty knife;
• cladding tiles;
• glass door for the fireplace.

Before you start converting the stove into a fireplace, it is necessary to take into account that the fireplace is heated differently. Only special wood briquettes or dry firewood are suitable. Therefore, it is recommended to immediately take care that there is always a certain amount of fuel.

All the specified materials and tools should be prepared, an individual drawing of the future fireplace should be drawn up. Its appearance depends on the original furnace. It is imperative to inspect the furnace, find out how well the body is made, in what condition the foundation is. If everything is in order, then you should not disassemble the already standing structure, the work is carried out on the material that is. There should be a gap of 25 cm between the common foundation of the floor of the house and the base for the stove, it is completely covered with sand.

At the firebox, the depth should be 50 cm, the body inside the furnace must be lined with refractory bricks.

If all the conditions meet the required ones, then it is necessary to proceed to the inspection of the chimney, as it may have to be rebuilt. For fireplaces, the requirements for chimneys differ from those for stoves, the height should be from 7 m, the cross section should be at least 13 * 25 cm. It is necessary to have special channels that will control the air flows along the doors inside the structure. This will prevent soot from constantly settling on the door glass. A variant of the converted furnace structure can be seen in the figure. IMAGE 1.

No matter how strange it may sound, but quite often the question arises of how to convert a stove into a fireplace. Several facts are alarming at once, requiring additional clarification. Where did the oven come from in the 21st century? Why does it need to be redone? Is this possible, because the stove and the fireplace are different devices?

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Russian stove in the house: pros and cons

It is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the design

She has many advantages:

• the heat flow is characterized by a low density, and the area of ​​the heating surface is very large, therefore the heat is always soft, the air does not dry out, and the effect is curative;
• a well-designed and built Russian stove provides warm rest on a couch, even when the temperature is low in the house;
• part of the heat flux is transferred to the foundation and adjacent soil layers, drying them out - the risk of swelling and subsequent deformation is reduced;
• with good warming up, the heat lasts for several days, therefore, after a long working day or several days of absence, the owner in the house will not freeze;
• food cooked on the stove has a special taste and aroma - even simple dishes become tastier;
• there are several fuel options - firewood, straw, peat, reeds, dung.

Such a structure is well suited for homes where people live permanently.

Its main disadvantages include:

• costs of materials - a fireplace and 2 Dutch stoves can be erected for the same amount;
• long heating - it takes 3-4 hours, and the room heats up to a maximum 2-2.5 times longer;
• a complex device, this applies to smoke channels, combustion chamber, vault scheme.

The size of the modern Russian stove has become more modest.

Today, they prefer more compact designs with a stove, they often refuse stove benches.

For clarity, before construction, you can make a layout out of boxes with your own hands.

Previously, the structure did not warm up at the bottom. The flood solved the problem. The Russian stove with underflooding is attractive for its uniform heating, the possibility of partial kindling on not cold days.

Choosing a place in the house for a Russian stove

It is important to decide on a suitable location. Usually, stove heating is thought out even before the construction of a house, therefore everything is foreseen in advance

If the building is brick, stone or cinder block, then the hearth can be erected anywhere, even in the corner.

If the house is wooden, then at least 1.2 m should remain between its walls and the stove. To reduce the fire hazard, asbestos plates are used.

In a wooden house, a hearth can be erected in a corner under the following conditions:

• the window of the pole is directed to the center of the room;
• Between the structure and the walls of wood, fill thermal insulation is made - fired clay and vermiculite, masonry height, thickness from 15 cm.

If a hearth is being erected next to the walls of houses, then it is important to leave an air gap of at least 5-10 cm.This is necessary for air circulation and uniform cooling of the furnace body

The heat source is often placed between rooms. If the wall is wooden, then the opening in it must be covered with brick. The thickness is at least 20 cm. In addition, it is worth making an asbestos gasket.

To understand how best to place the structure, you can make a layout out of the boxes with your own hands. This allows you to clearly see the convenience of the structure in different places.

Device and types

To lead the story of how to build a heat source in a country house, you will have to figure out the difference between stoves and fireplaces and the intricacies of their combined options. The fireplace has lost its main purpose for several decades, it no longer acts as a device that can heat the house. The maximum that can be counted on is the rapid directional effect of thermal radiation, which can heat a person, but not a room.

The stove solves the problem of heat supply with all its functions, completely "not paying attention" to aesthetics and the possibility of observing the combustion process. Not surprisingly, after combining these two devices into one, you can count on expanding their functions. Additionally, fireplace stoves are equipped with water heating tanks, a hob, niches for drying fruits, an oven.

The unification can be carried out according to two principles.

1. The fireplace and stove have different hearths. Their chimney channels converge into one chimney. It is possible to overlap these channels. Thus, you can use each device separately or both at the same time.
2. The furnace of the stove has an enlarged inlet and is equipped with a glass door. In a working furnace, you can observe the combustion of fuel. This design has a simplified structure.

Island location of the finished device

An important factor dividing fireplace stoves into groups, which will affect the choice of model, is the relative location of the fireboxes and the way the structure is installed.

• The hearth of the fireplace and the hearth of the stove are on the same side. This arrangement is typical for wall-mounted models.
• The hearth and firebox are located on opposite sides. The stove can divide the room into two zones and heat them at the same time.Moreover, the fireplace is turned into the living room, and the firebox of the stove, oven, stove into the kitchen.
• The T-shape of the furnace body will allow you to divide the room into 3 zones.

DIY Russian mini oven

A large construction is not suitable for every home, so you can make a mini Russian stove with your own hands. You can do it with a flood and use it in the summer, when there is no need to heat the premises.

Russian mini stove

Thinking how to make a mini stove, you can stop at the classic version. The size of the base is 1x1.3 m.A mini-oven made of bricks is erected as follows:

1. Organize a small foundation.
2. Build a Redbrick Ward.
3. Lay the walls under the baking sheet.
4. Lay the wooden template to form the lower vault.
5. Build walls with an arch for the combustion chamber.
6. Pour sand into the vault.
7. Proceed to the formation of the front wall, mouth, pole, overtube.

Do-it-yourself mini Russian stove of this type is laid out pretty quickly, does not require special skills.

Ordering of the Russian mini-oven "Housekeeper"

This is one of the variations of the mini brick oven. The housekeeper stove differs in that it has 2 combustion chambers of different sizes. The top of the structure is equipped with a vault and a slab. The construction of 1x1.5 m includes 33-34 brick rows.

The features of its construction are as follows:

1. In the 1st row, correct dressing of the material is important for strength.
2. On rows 2-5, the construction of blower channels is needed.
3. In the 6th row, cover the chambers with grates.
4. On the 7-9th row of the housekeeper, build the main firebox on wood, then start building under.
5. On 10-12 rows, close the channels, install the stove and proceed to the walls of the furnace and the arch of the main chamber.
6. Rows 15 and 16 complete the wall bundle.
7. On the 17th row, lay a steel corner 3x3 cm.On it you will need to form a hail and go to the base of the chimney.
8. Build a furnace arch on rows 16-18. Pour sand into the vault.
9. Use double bricks to cover the next rows.
10. When laying 20-25 rows, do not forget about the formation of ventilation ducts.

Ordering mini oven Emshanov

This is one of the variations of a wood-fired housekeeper. Its advantage is the uniform heating of the side walls. Such a stove is built by a housekeeper from M100 rubble ceramic bricks. Inside, two vertical symmetrical caps are laid out, corresponding to the height of the entire structure. The firebox is formed from ШБ-5 chamotte.

With hot water box

Such a modification of the Russian housekeeper stove is distinguished by a collection unit of flue gases. For this, coaxial stainless steel pipes with thick machines are used.

Such an insert has several values:

• flue gases will not seep into the room;
• the heat load on the chimney will decrease;
• when using low-quality firewood, soot will collect on the insert.

The space turns out to be small, therefore, for a water tank of 20-30 liters, you need to make a niche in the sidewall of the furnace wall. The cavity is laid out in 5-8 rows near the main firebox. The container is embedded in it.

It is important to build a separate channel for combustion products and fencing off the container with a partition so that its walls do not burn out. The tank can be replaced with a stainless steel coil

Foundation

The stove has impressive dimensions, it weighs a lot, therefore it needs reliable support.

The work algorithm is as follows:

1. Prepare the pit. Calculate the dimensions on the basis of the stove base. On each side, you need a margin of 15 cm.Depneep 50-70 cm.
2. Pour in sand, sprinkle with water, tamp so that the thickness of the waterproofing becomes 15-20 cm. Add more sand, spill with water and level.
3. Lay out the roofing material in 2 layers.
4. Install the formwork, cover it with foil.
5. Mix cement, sand and gravel 1: 3: 5. Use water to make a semi-liquid mixture.
6. Pour cement mixed with gravel into the formwork, height 20 cm. Pierce this layer several times to release the air, tamp it.
7. While the mortar is not frozen, install the fittings. Height above concrete 5-7 cm.
8. Pour another layer 10-15 cm, when it grabs, lay the reinforcing mesh.
9. Fill the entire formwork with mortar, level it.
10. Lay the roofing material in 1 layer.

If a small stove is planned, then a guardianship base is allowed. Install it on the floor beams. Such a base is a frame made of timber or logs in 2 crowns. To strengthen the beams and the stability of the furnace, intermediate piles are driven into the center. A bottle is poured into the free space, felt soaked in liquid clay on top. Such a base can withstand a structure of up to 700 kg. If the weight is more, then a slab foundation is needed.

Peculiarities

A stove for a summer residence is a necessary attribute of a modern suburban recreation, used for heating and cooking.

A stove with a brick fireplace has a number of important features that must be taken into account when planning the room in which it will be placed. First of all, you need to take care of a solid monolithic foundation for its installation. The stove has an impressive mass, so you should not neglect this rule and it is better to determine its location even at the design stage of the house.

An important feature of a stove with a fireplace is the presence of two fireboxes and chimneys, which can be used independently of each other. An open fireplace insert heats up the room quickly, and the stove retains the accumulated heat

The design provides for long smoke channels, which allows to reduce fuel consumption.

In a wooden house, special attention should be paid to the location of the stove and masonry materials in order to ensure that the possibility of a fire hazard in a private house is as low as possible. This is interesting: Wood-burning brick fireplaces for the house: we describe in detail

This is interesting: Wood-burning brick fireplaces for the house: we describe in detail

What tools are needed?

To build a heat source at home, you need to prepare a basic set of tools:

• hammer pickaxe;
• Master OK;
• rule;
• grinder, cutting wheels for stone, metal;
• measuring instruments - building level, ruler, square, plumb;
• carpentry tool to assemble the foundation formwork;
• wooden ordering;
• several containers and devices for mixing the solution, breaking the clay.

For construction, you will need brick, sand and clay mixture for mortar. The amount of material should be oriented to the scale of the work. You will also need stove accessories - a blower, furnace and cleaning doors, grate grates, a smoke damper, a hob.

The nuances of drying a laid out stove

The laid out oven should dry well.

There are several nuances:

drying is needed even before the construction of the chimney;
it is impossible to fully heat the stove right away - there is a risk of loss of tightness, the appearance of streaks;
for at least 10 days, drying should be natural, with open doors and latches;
the first times it is necessary to heat it carefully - use a little firewood, open the smoke dampers, and close the firebox;
For 1-1.5 weeks, the stove is heated every day, starting with 3-4 kg of firewood and increasing their amount daily by 1-1.5 kg;
a full-fledged firebox is allowed when, after 2 hours from the beginning of the firebox, there is no condensation at all on the metal elements.

Calculation of the main parameters, drawings and orders

First of all, you need to choose a place to install the unit, and then draw up a preliminary sketch of the shape and design. Having decided on the configuration and dimensions, you can start calculating the main elements of the heater. Since only experienced specialists can fully calculate the structure, we recommend taking as a basis the design and dimensions of one of the Swedish or Dutch stoves and integrating a fireplace of our own design into the finished structure. Of course, when choosing a heating device, it is necessary to correlate its power with your own heat needs.

As for the calculation of the fireplace part, it is carried out based on the dimensions of the room. To determine the dimensions of the firebox, you can use a ready-made table. The ideal ratio of width to height is 3: 2, but the depth of the firebox is taken equal to 1/2 or 2/3 of its height.

Table for calculating the dimensions of the fireplace insert

It must be understood that the performance of the heater depends on how well the draft is organized, therefore, the calculation of the chimney cross-section is no less important than the determination of the parameters of the furnace. Experienced stove-makers take its size equal to 1/10 of the area of ​​the furnace window. The resulting value is rounded up in order to use a whole brick during the construction of a chimney. If a round chimney is installed, then its cross section should be at least 150 mm.

The fireplace stove, which we offer for manufacture, has a hob and can be used both for dividing a room into two zones, and for heating an adjacent room. In the latter case, the rear wall of the structure is built into the wall.

The diagrams and orders of the heater are given below. With their help, you can not only repeat the existing design, but also develop your own. In addition, a visual picture of the structure of the internal chambers will allow you to understand the direction of gas flows and determine the surfaces with the most intense heating.

What will the reconstruction of the furnace give

The Russian stove in the house is installed in such a way as to warm up the maximum living area, and the location in the center was not excluded. Now think, isn't this modern style?

In our view, the stove bears the image of a certain structure with uneven edges and whitewash that leaves marks on clothes in the event of an accidental touch, and if you align the edges and use modern materials, then interesting projects appear offhand, which, according to the originality of the idea, will not yield to leading design developments.

The possibility of building island types, wall options, stylizing the room for the decoration of a peasant hut (a promising direction). All this awaits us after converting the old stove into a modern fireplace.

Rustic surroundings

Phased construction

The whole theory describing how to build a stove consists of several separate stages. In accordance with them, work should be carried out.

Ready brick building

Foundation preparation. The foundation is used as the foundation for the structure. The brick oven is heavy and cannot be installed on any floor covering. The depth of the pit is taken equal to 60 cm. The area of ​​the foundation should be slightly larger than the area of ​​the fireplace according to the drawing. At the bottom of the pit, a cushion of fragments of bricks, rubble and sand is formed. Concrete blocks can be used. The upper part is filled with a solution, which includes cement and sand. The upper part of the foundation, raised to floor level, must be strictly horizontal.

Masonry mortar for fireplace stove. Due to the fact that the internal walls of the fireplace are exposed to temperature, a cement-sand mortar will not work. You need to use medium fat clay. To assess the fat content, it is necessary to roll balls from the samples obtained, constantly saturating them with water. After the ball begins to stick to the palms, it is flattened to the shape of a cake and the edges are evaluated. Cracks indicate excessive clay poverty. Too oily clay can be thinned with sand.

Preparation of the solution also contains certain tricks. The finished solution does not contain grains, so the clay is pre-soaked and crushed. A solution is prepared from one part of clay and three parts of sand.

Laying rows. For masonry rows, solid refractory bricks are used. The mortar is applied in an even layer without gaps, as they can cause smoke to enter from the firebox. You must first lay out the row without mortar. The bricks are processed with a grinder. After laying 3-4 rows, remove excess mortar using a damp cloth.

In one of the projects, which describes how to build a fireplace stove, the order is as follows.

Ordering for self-construction

In it, you can see the formation of rows indicated by numbers. Laying must be done strictly in the order indicated. Even experienced professionals, oven craftsmen, check the diagram.

The brick oven is equipped with some metal structures. This is a grate, a blower door, valves, a hob

Pay attention in which row each of the listed elements is installed. The fireplace hearth is formed in the upper part (row 3 - 11), and the furnace firebox - in the lower part (row 4 - 10)

One row is solid and plays the role of a base. There is no chimney in all manuals as it is not part of the project. It is subject to some standardization, but it may still have features associated with the possibility of its construction.

Chimney construction. The cross-sectional area of ​​the channel was determined in the basic calculations. When building a chimney, it is necessary to provide all conditions for its maintenance. Installing a cleanout door facilitates unhindered cleaning. Complex labyrinths are equipped with bricks, which are laid practically without mortar. Such bricks can be easily removed and the labyrinth can be cleaned of soot. To quickly find the brick you want, they give it out a little relative to the plane of the masonry.

Brick selection

It is important to choose the right material that is not afraid of extreme heat. To do this, use chamotte ША15

It is not necessary to make the entire structure out of it, 150-300 pieces are enough for the hottest part of the structure.

For the rest of the elements, other materials are suitable:

• most of the base, the stove bench, the mouth and the overtube can be made with red brick (brand M250);
• a solid brick-iron ore is suitable for the base, but it must first be sorted;
• ordinary stone is great for walls and front.

To build a large furnace, you will need about 2.5 thousand pieces of stone and 1.4 tons of masonry clay. The expense for a small structure is almost half.

Varieties of fireplace stoves

The design considered above is the simplest implementation of the idea of ​​a fireplace-stove. In fact, there are much more efficient and functional structures in which they combine a separate fireplace and stove, install a hob, oven or heat exchange niches, etc.

Fireplace stove with stove bench

Fireplace stove with stove bench

A massive structure with a heated lounger or hob is not suitable for every home. For example, for a summer residence it will be too large, since it will occupy a significant area of ​​the premises. If you install such a unit in a country house, then you can achieve amazing comfort: such a design just asks for installation in a living room combined with a kitchen.

Wall-mounted fireplace stove

Wall-mounted fireplace stove will save space in a small room

This structure can be built in a small house to heat two adjacent rooms. As in the design discussed above, the heating units can be fired separately. In this case, the fireplace can be used to quickly and comfortably heat a large room, while heating the back wall during operation of the stove will work to heat the bedroom. The disadvantage of this design can be considered the lack of a hob, which, however, is compensated by the compactness of the structure.

Square fireplace stove with hob and oven

Multifunctional fireplace stove with stove and oven

A multifunctional heater installed in a large room is able to divide it into several zones.From the side of the fireplace, you can create a cozy home atmosphere for relaxation and gatherings with friends, while the area adjacent to the stove can be used for cooking and other household needs. Fortunately, for this, the fireplace stove has a large hob and a spacious oven. The shelf above the fireplace can also be used to the maximum - it is convenient to dry fruits, mushrooms or medicinal plants on it.