Rating of the best freezers for home

Popular models

Liebherr GN 4113. The leading brand has released a rather interesting model, which has an energy efficiency class A ++, has No Frost and a handle with a pusher. The volume of the chamber is 406 liters, so it is recommended to choose such a freezer for a large family or for industrial purposes. In the best Liebcher tradition, the door can be re-hung to open the other way.

Bosch GSN36VW20. For about the same price (60 thousand rubles), you can choose an alternative option from the Bosch company. The only difference is in the volume of the chamber (237 liters) and the class of energy consumption (A +). The freezer fully justifies its price, so it makes sense to choose it.

Vestfrost VF 320 H. A cheaper model, but has a lot of positive reviews on the Internet. The quality of Vestfrost is also at a high level. Of the significant differences from the previous options, manual defrosting and electromechanical control can be distinguished. Otherwise, this model is quiet, compact, attractive (silver color fits perfectly into any interior).

ATLANT M 7184-003. Also applies to budget models, so it does not lend itself to particular criticism. Quiet, durable, neat design, economical and roomy. Optimal in the price / quality category.

Saratov 104 (MKSh-300). As we noted above, the domestic manufacturer produces fairly reliable freezers.

If you are looking for an inexpensive freezer for your home, check out this option. Energy class B, which is acceptable

In addition, there is a super freeze mode. In general, it fully justifies its price (a little more than 20 thousand rubles).

You can also learn how to choose a freezer for your home in 2017 from this video:

We select a quality electrical appliance

Now you know exactly how to choose a freezer for your home and which one is better in quality! It is so easy to enjoy healthy food at any time of the year if you get a worthy alternative to the small "freezers" in the fridge. The main thing is to take the right choice of the necessary household appliances seriously!

Additional features and options

Modern models of freezers are able to take into account all the features and nuances of operating the device at home.

Freezers can be equipped with useful additional features:

1. Super freeze mode. Allows you to instantly freeze food using the freezer compressor at maximum power. Super freezing is turned on a few hours before placing food in the chamber, so that the temperature in it decreases as much as possible.
2. "Auto preservation of cold". Special batteries, which look like plastic containers, are responsible for keeping the cold in the device. The special liquid inside the containers is slowly cooled, maintaining a stable temperature inside the chamber for a long time. In the absence of power supply, a freezer equipped with this function is able to maintain a cold temperature for up to 2 days.
3. Protection of the device against power surges. Protects the device from damage and ensures its safety.
4. Antibacterial coating and carbon filter for air purification. Significantly reduces airborne bacteria and reduces the risk of food spoilage.
5. Light or sound signal about an open door. Informs the owner that the door opening time has expired, not allowing the temperature regime of the device to be violated.
6. Climate class. On sale are popular models of class SN and N, which are designed for countries with a temperate climate, guaranteeing uninterrupted operation of the device at room temperatures up to 32 degrees Celsius.For hotter climates, where the air temperature is higher, models of the ST and T class are recommended, operating in heat conditions up to 43 degrees.
7. "Defrosting No Frost". The function provides the process of defrosting the camera in automatic mode. Frost does not form on the inner surface of the camera, so there is no need to clean it from ice. The disadvantage of the No Frost function is the dehydration of products, it is recommended to store them in hermetically sealed packaging.
8. Control type. Devices with mechanical and electronic control type are available. The most reliable are mechanically freezers. Electronic allow you to independently adjust and customize the operating mode of the device.

Important! Some functions, such as the "super freeze" mode, consume a large amount of electricity and lead to rapid wear of the compressor from continuous load.

Best Embedded Cameras

Freezers are built in the same way as refrigerators. Moreover, there are on sale both full-size models in human height, and mini-units for installation in the lower tier of kitchen furniture.

Miele F 1472 VI

4.7

★★★★★
editorial estimate

86%
buyers recommend this product

The most unusual freezer in our review is strikingly different from analogues - both externally and in its content. It has non-standard dimensions: 2.12 m in height and only 45 cm in width. As a result, with a minimum of occupied space, the useful volume turned out to be quite acceptable - 187 liters.

The freezing capacity of the built-in freezer is average (14 kg / day), but the temperature in it can be brought up to -24 ° C. Inside the chamber there are open shelves and drawers on telescopic guides for storing food. And there is also an icemaker with a connection to the water supply, and on the door there is a small metal tray, the height of which can be adjusted.

Advantages:

• Ventilated interior;
• No Frost system;
• Water supply filter;
• Stepless height adjustment of the shelves;
• External dispenser for ice and chilled water;
• Bright interior lighting.

Disadvantages:

Highly positioned top shelves.

The 1472 VI in the Miele range is not the freshest, but functional and reliable. It is suitable for creating a side-by-side inline system and will surely appeal to lovers of refreshing drinks.

Liebherr SIGN 3576 Premium

4.6

★★★★★
editorial estimate

85%
buyers recommend this product

Another "tall" freezer with a volume of 209 liters is not only spacious, but also thought out to the smallest detail. There is an icemaker here, connected to the water supply, a touch control panel with a screen, and inside there are as many as 9 drawers for storing various products.

But the main feature of this model is the complete absence of frost. The heat generated by the refrigerant is used here to heat the side walls so that condensation does not freeze on them.

There are also standard functions for smart technology: a temperature rise alarm and an open door sensor

Although such a precaution is unnecessary - Liebherr uses Frost Safe sealed drawers, the products in which will not be damaged, even if you keep the cabinet door open for a long time.

Advantages:

• NoFrost;
• Deep freeze (-32 ° C) with automatic switch to normal mode;
• Protection from children and accidental reset;
• Interchangeable drawers and removable tempered glass shelves;
• Internal lighting;
• Door closer.

Disadvantages:

Dear, like all Liebcher.

Sign Premium is suitable for a large family in which they cook a lot and do not use the equipment very carefully. It will provide products with maximum safety, excluding the possibility of even a slight increase in the temperature in the chamber.

ASKO F2282I

4.6

★★★★★
editorial estimate

85%
buyers recommend this product

A small built-in freezer is designed to be built into a kitchen cabinet under the countertop - you just need to fix the decorative facade on the door in the same color as the others.

Of course, with the modest size of the mini-camera, you won't be able to store much in it, but the three internal drawers with a total capacity of 96 liters will perfectly fit supplies for an average family, which will be enough for a month or even two.

Advantages:

• Adjustable freezing temperature;
• Low power consumption (class A ++);
• Internal lighting;
• Quiet work.

Disadvantages:

Manual defrosting.

The built-in ASKO camera turned out to be powerful and freezes food really quickly. But at its cost, it would be possible to implement at least some kind of "frost-free" system, instead of the usual manual defrosting.

Manufacturers rating

The appraisal level of companies manufacturing household appliances is determined by demand and customer feedback.

Liebherr

The German company has been known in the refrigeration market for over 60 years. The Liebherr brand stands for high quality products and corresponding prices.

Vestfrost

The Danish trademark has been owned by the Turkish company Vestel since 2008. All products are manufactured in Turkey, which has led to a decrease in consumer ratings.

Atlant

CJSC was organized in 1993, on the basis of the Minsk Refrigerator Plant. MZH has specialized in the production of household appliances since the 60s of the XX century. The enterprise produced high-quality products that were in demand among buyers in the USSR and abroad. For 20 years, a modern company has created a brand that is popular in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries.

Bosch

The manufacturer of freezers is one of the companies of Robert Bosch GmbH: BSH Household Appliances. Brands such as Bosch, Siemens, Viva, Neff, Seimer are produced here. German product quality is known all over the world.

Gorenje

Slovenian engineering company Gorenje has been producing freezing equipment since 1968. Since 2010, the company has been owned by the Swedish Asko. In 2013, 1/10 of the shares were purchased by Panasonik. Gorenje products are in demand for their reliability and originality of design.

Pozis

JSC Production Association Plant named after Sergo (Pozis) is a structural subdivision of the State Company Russian Technologies. The leader among Russian companies in innovative implementation in production, which is not inferior to foreign counterparts. Has been manufacturing refrigeration equipment for over 60 years.

Beko

Since 1960, the Turkish company Arcelic has been producing household appliances under the Beko brand. Manufacturing plants are located in Turkey and Russia. The good quality of the products and the affordable price have made them branded products.

How to choose a freezer for your home by energy class

Among the important selection criteria is the indicator of energy consumption of a household appliance. This characteristic shows how much electricity is required to operate the device.

The range now includes devices with power consumption classes from D to A ++. The most economical are considered to be the models of devices belonging to the class A, A +, A ++. Their cost will be slightly higher than the cost of other freezers, however, they will be very profitable in operation. A suitable option can be found both among horizontal chests and among vertical freezers.

What are the classes of freezers?

An important factor when choosing such a large technique is how much electricity is needed for its normal functioning. All large equipment for energy consumption is divided into classes, which are designated by the Latin letters A, B and C. Equipment marked A is the most economical, but also more expensive, devices marked C are the cheapest, but they "draw" a lot of electricity. Modern freezers come in classes A, A +, A ++ and even A +++. This means that manufacturers are constantly improving their models, and the technique is becoming more and more economical. Only a few manufacturers produce Class B freezing units. They are cheaper, but over the years they will attract more and more money for electricity. A +++ class models are the most expensive on the market. But they are virtually silent, consume little electricity and tend to last longer.Their engine runs in economy mode, so it doesn't wear out as quickly. If you take a class B model, you can save now, but spend this money in a few years on electricity and repairs. Which freezer is better for the home is up to the buyer, but, as you know, the miser pays twice, and immediate savings can result in big expenses in a couple of years.

Rating of the best freezers for home

TOP 5 freezers were collected based on the sales of large household appliances stores, taking into account consumer feedback. The list includes only small and medium volume models that will suit most buyers.

1. ATLANT М 7204-100. This model of the freezer cabinet rightfully occupies the podium, as it has an excellent price-quality ratio. With a volume of 243 liters, the freezer has an A + energy class and a noise level of up to 39 dB. The interior space is carefully thought out and offers a good overview of the products. Manual defrosting may seem like a disadvantage.

1. Liebherr G 1223. Compact model from a famous German brand. Chamber volume - 101 liters, energy class A +. Those looking for a freezer cabinet for a small family simply cannot find a better option.

1. Liebherr GP 1376 This is another model of German production. It differs from the previous one in volume (here it is 104 liters), the presence of electronic control, a super freeze mode, a signal about an increase in temperature. The cost is also an order of magnitude higher.

1. BOSH GIN41AE20R. The useful volume of this freezer is 127 liters, there is a No Frost system, energy class A +, and a noise level of up to 36 dB. All this makes the device convenient, functional and easy to maintain.

1. Zanussi ZFC 31400 WA. Without the inclusion of chest freezers, this rating would be incomplete. Zanussi ZFC 31400 WA has a capacity of 300 liters, energy class A + and a quick freeze function.

Criterias of choice

Before making a purchase of expensive household appliances, you need to determine the device with what technical characteristics and functional properties you need.

Power

The portioned amount of simultaneously frozen product ranges from 5 to 25 kilograms. The more weight, the more power consumption will be.

Energy consumption

The energy efficiency class is determined by the ratio of the actual energy consumption to the nominal: from "A +++" (highest) to "G" (lowest). If we take a model with a higher degree, then this means less power consumption, but a higher price.

Freezing class

The freezing class characterizes the negative temperature in the chamber, which determines the shelf life of the products.

It is indicated in the marking with an asterisk:

• * -2 degrees - 10-12 days;
• ** -6 degrees - 30 days;
• *** -18 degrees - 90 days;
• **** -24 degrees - 365 days.

The last class refers to deep freezing.

Additional functionality

Technical improvements relate to the way freezers work.

Climate class

Climatic conditions (air temperature) of equipment operation are taken into account in the manufacture of units.

There are 4 classes of freezers with different temperature ranges:

• "N" - from +16 to +32;
• "SN" - from +10 to +32;
• "ST" - from 18 to 38;
• "T" - from 18 to 43 degrees.

Defrost or Know Frost system

With drip thawing, the freezer is defrosted manually, preventing the build-up of the snow "coat". The No Frost defrost system does not require human intervention, as condensation forms outside the chamber. In units with Nou Frost, due to additional equipment, there will be increased power consumption, noise background, less useful volume, higher price.

Autosave the temperature inside the device during a power outage

An important property due to which there is no thawing of products due to the lack of power supply. The higher the freezing class, the longer the period

Refrigerating appliances have increased insulation, vacuum suction cups, which affects the cost.

Reliability

The quality of the units is determined by the period of uninterrupted operation, the absence of violations in the functioning of the door, trays, indicators. Each manufacturer indicates its own warranty period: from one year to 3 years. The reliability of freezing equipment is judged by the manufacturer's brand and consumer reviews.

Child protection

Blocking the operating mode is an additional function that increases the cost of the unit. It is used for electronic control.

Compressor

A good compressor is a motor that maintains a given temperature in the chamber for a long time, a source of noise. Types of compressors - linear, inverter. The former operate at maximum load with periodic shutdowns, are sensitive to voltage fluctuations in the network. In the second, the relay regulates the engine power without stopping it. The quietest are linear-inverter converters with a smooth piston stroke. The most economical, safe, but expensive ones are inverter ones.

With mechanical control, the adjustment of the freezing mode is made manually, as needed. The electronic system in the freezer itself maintains the set temperature range. Such units are more expensive, as well as repairs in case of failure of the electronic unit.

Freezer selection parameters

Volume

How much food can be placed in the freezer depends on this indicator. The equipment volume varies from 100 to 500 liters. It should be borne in mind that the larger the equipment, the greater the power consumption.

Freezing capacity

The parameter depends on the volume of the chamber and its cooling capacity, which in turn is determined by the type of compressor and the quality of the housing insulation.

Manufacturers offer equipment with a freezing capacity of 4 to 35 kg per day, while the capacity can be:

1. Minimum - from 4 to 9 kg / day;

2. Medium - from 10 to 19 kg / day;

3. Maximum - from 20 to 35 kg / day.

If products are purchased relatively rarely and in large quantities, it makes sense to purchase equipment with maximum capacity.

Defrosting type

It can be carried out in two modes:

1. Manual;

2. Automatic.

Equipment equipped with the No Frost system defrosts automatically, all other freezers need to be manually defrosted.

Control

Management can be of three types:

1. Electronic - the most convenient way to set fine tuning. The freezer is equipped with a control indicator, a display on which you can select the appropriate mode. Electronically controlled equipment must be protected against voltage surges;

2. Electromechanical - this is a more reliable and simpler way to control with a thermostat, but it excludes the possibility of precise settings;

3. Mechanical - control is carried out using rotary switches. Differs in simplicity, reliability, lower cost of equipment and impossibility of precise adjustment.

Freezing class

Some manufacturers include asterisks in the description of refrigeration equipment, which, in a concise form, give information about the freezing class, which determines the temperature regime and shelf life of the stored product:

1. * - up to -6 ° C, 1 week;

2. ** - up to -12 ° C, up to 4 weeks;

3. *** - up to -18 ° C, up to 3 months;

4. **** - from -24 ° C, up to 12 months.

The higher the freezing class, the better the product retains its taste and the higher its nutritional value. With a low freezing class, slow growth of ice crystals occurs, leading to damage to the structure of the product.

Battery life

The parameter determines the duration of maintaining the set temperature in the chamber during a power outage, which prevents premature defrosting of stocks and their deterioration. Depending on the model, the battery life can vary from 7 to 45 hours.

Additional features and functions

1. Low Frost - a design feature of the evaporator, due to which temperature drops are minimized, which slows down and reduces the formation of ice;

2.Stop Frost is a system that facilitates camera defrosting. All moisture settles on a special plate with increased thermal conductivity, and ice forms on it, which is easy to remove;

3. "Super freeze" is a special mode during which the temperature drops below -24 ° C. It is used in cases where it is necessary to freeze a batch of products as quickly as possible. The mode is turned on for a period of no more than one day, since it assumes uninterrupted operation of the compressor. Frequent use of the mode will shorten the life of the freezer;

4. Air purification system - thanks to charcoal filters that purify the air in the chamber, frozen food does not absorb odors unusual for them;

5. Signal about a loosely closed door - after a certain time, the freezer gives a signal reminding that the door is not closed tightly;

6. Possibility of re-hanging the door - in some models, the door can be re-hung to the opposite side, which makes it more comfortable to use the freezer.

Compressor

All freezers are equipped with compressors - conventional or inverter. The latter are better because of the higher work efficiency and the minimum number of stops. They work much quieter, consume less electricity, and most importantly, they have a large resource of work by minimizing the number of starts / stops (frequent stops and starts are harmful to any motor).

Inverter compressors also have disadvantages - price and instability to voltage surges. However, voltage stabilizers have been installed in modern apartments for a long time, and drops are extremely rare even in old houses.

Subjective rating of freezers

On the Russian market, the choice of freezers is huge, so it is difficult for buyers to decide. In this review, we have selected the best models that have collected positive reviews.

1st place - ATLANT М 7184-003

One of the most popular, reliable and demanded is the ATLANT М 7184-003 freezer, which costs 15,000 rubles. It received energy class A (340 kWh / year), the chamber volume is 240 liters, and the capacity is 20 kg / day. In the event of a power outage, the device remains cold for 14 hours, has the "Superfreeze" function. Possibility to re-hang the door is included.

The disadvantage is the noise level up to 42 dB and a low energy consumption class, but in its price category the best freezer that works without problems and does its job perfectly. In addition, the manufacturer gives it a 3-year warranty, but the device works much longer than the warranty period.

2nd place - Biryusa 200NK

A small chest freezer that can be conveniently placed even in the house. Its price is 10-11 thousand rubles, which is quite consistent with the characteristics.

The chest received a manual defrosting system, consumes 511 kWh / year, and its volume is 200 liters. The device is reliable and of high quality, durable - it works for a long time without breakdowns, does not make noise and is operated in any weather - in hot and cold weather. If an inexpensive and practical chest is required, then there is no better model.

3rd place - Gorenje F 6181 AW

An expensive freezer for 25,000 rubles on average with an A + energy class (consumes 297 kWh / year), a manual defrosting system and a chamber volume of 309 liters. A feature of the model is extremely effective thermal insulation - the model retains the cold for 28 hours without mains power, and also has a light warning system for an increase in temperature in the chamber.

The disadvantage is the noise level up to 42 dB, although in the reviews buyers note the silent operation. Also, the device is reliable and durable, high quality - all this explains its high price.

4th place - Liebherr GP 1476

Compact freezer for the home with a volume of 106 liters. It received a class A ++ (152 kWh / year), a manual defrosting system, a "Superfreeze" function and a temperature display. In the absence of power, the freezer stays cold for 30 hours, and its capacity is 11 kg / day.A big plus is noiselessness during operation - only 38 dB.

Unsurprisingly, the Liebherr GP 1476 is receiving positive reviews. Customers highlight: quiet operation, energy saving, reliability and efficiency of food freezing. The price of the model is 23,000 rubles. Taking into account the parameters, this is a rather high price - there is a markup for the brand.

5th place - BEKO RFNK 290E23

A reliable and productive device will cost 23,000 rubles. Unlike the rest of the freezers in the ranking, the model does not require defrosting, as it is equipped with a No Frost system. She received an energy class A + (310 kWh / year), a chamber with a volume of 290 liters and a high power - up to 16 kg / day. Keeping cold (up to 18 hours without power), light indication of temperature rise, "Super freeze" function - all this is included.

Taking into account the functionality, quality and capabilities, BEKO RFNK 290E23 has a low price. The only drawback is the glass top shelf (at -18 degrees, the glass can crack) and the fragile plastic of the pull-out shelves. Cool, reliable model with good reviews.

Energy consumption and efficiency class

The characteristics (rarely in advertising brochures) always indicate the amount of energy consumed by the freezer per year. It depends on the efficiency class, the volume of the freezer. Cheap models with a sufficiently high class and small chamber volume consume 220–250 kWh / year, more expensive devices with large chambers consume 340–350 kWh / year. There is no standard value here, but when choosing freezers with approximately equal parameters, it is better to give preference to the one with a lower annual consumption.

There are energy classes assigned to each freezer:

1. A +++ is the highest class for the lowest energy consumption. These models use the latest thermal insulation technologies (to prevent cold losses in the chambers), modern compressors and control systems. There are only a few freezers with this class on the market, but they are very expensive.
2. A ++ is also a very high class assigned to many models. The popular Liebherr GP 1476 with a chamber volume of 106 liters and class A ++ consumes only 152 kWh / year.
3. A + is still high class. Most modern and even inexpensive freezers are categorized as A +. The Liebherr G 1223 model with a volume of 102 liters consumes 190 kWh / year, which is an acceptable figure.
4. And - by modern standards, this is already a low energy consumption class, which is assigned to cheap freezers. For example, Biryusa 14 with a 110 liter chamber and class A consumes 223 kWh / year. Large models such as ATLANT M 7184–003 (240 liters) consume 340 kWh / year.
5. B - Low energy class, assigned to extreme inefficient freezers. These are mostly outdated and cheap devices, although not always. For example, a freezer "Saratov 154" with a volume of 94 liters consumes 328 kWh / year. That is, almost 2 times the size of the model with the A ++ class.
6. C, D, E, F, G - not considered. There are practically no models with such low categories on the market, and if there are, then these are unsold leftovers - they are not recommended for purchase.

This begs a logical piece of advice on how to choose a freezer for your home: consider the most energy efficient A ++ class models. A higher price in 2–3 years will justify itself with lower energy costs. As of the middle of 2018, freezers with A +++ category are very expensive, and the choice is very limited. The Liebherr GNP 4355 model with a chamber volume of 270 liters and class A +++ (160 kWh / year) will cost 65-66 thousand rubles, which is 2 times more expensive than a device with class A ++ and similar parameters.

Manufacturers of the most reliable freezers

Every responsible buyer carefully chooses which freezer will be more reliable. In this case, you also need to focus on the manufacturer. The leaders in the large household appliances market are Bosch, Siemens, Nord, Indesit and Samsung. These companies provide warranty service for 5 years or more.But you shouldn't also pass by smaller manufacturers such as Gorenje, Hansa, Liebherr and Saturn. If you choose the right characteristics, you can understand which freezer will be good in quality, and choose the right one, and its price will not be as high as that of the market leaders.

How to choose the best built-in freezer for your home (with video)

A criterion that does not in any way affect the quality or performance of the unit, but is very important for the interior of the kitchen. Most manufacturers offer models that can be put anywhere. They are standard sizes, their appearance is neutral - white, silver or beige cabinets or chests, often with rounded corners. But if all the appliances in the kitchen are built-in, and covered with doors to match the kitchen furniture, then you need to take a built-in freezer. There are not many of them on the market, but the best modern built-in freezers are from manufacturers such as LIEBHERR, Zanussi and, of course, Bosch.

The choice of technology is not based on its price, but on the functions that are necessary for life. The article describes all the necessary selection criteria. For clarity, watch the video on how to choose a freezer for your home:

Choosing a home freezer by defrosting method

Particular attention should be paid to how such a technique is defrosted. It is clear that modern units do not need monthly defrosting, they all work, maintaining an optimal balance of moisture and cold, so a thick layer of ice does not form on the walls.

But you still have to defrost it. Otherwise, the equipment will last much less than expected, and the products will be covered with frost.

It is clear that modern units do not need monthly defrosting, they all work, maintaining an optimal balance of moisture and cold, so a thick layer of ice does not form on the walls. But you still have to defrost it. Otherwise, the equipment will last much less than expected, and the products will be covered with frost.

According to the method of defrosting, freezers for the home are divided into two types:

1. Static (manual).
2. No Frost (automatic).

When defrosting manually, the equipment should be defrosted 1-2 times a year (depending on the amount of food stored in the chamber). Many models have a "defrost" function, when you need to turn on the button and the freezer begins to give off heat inside. So the ice and frost melt much faster, and all that remains is to wash the camera.

The manual system is now little used in the manufacture of freezers. But still, some manufacturers, seeking to reduce the price of products, use this type. Choosing such a freezer for a large house is not the best solution. If you need to store a large amount of food, the ice freezes faster, therefore, the food becomes covered with frost, and even freezes to each other. If you choose a small vertical camera, then manual defrosting will not be a big problem.

The No Frost system is a relatively new convenient technology. If you choose a unit equipped with this system, then you do not need to defrost it. With this technology, cold air is constantly circulated through the chamber. For those who do not know how to choose such a freezer for home so that the food in it remains as fresh as possible and does not turn into ice - you can choose models with No Frost. Moisture that forms from the temperature drop (if you open the door - warm air goes inside) - is removed from the freezing device through a special evaporator, so there is no frost on the walls. Despite the fact that this technique does not need defrosting, you will still have to turn it off periodically (once every 1-2 years) and completely wash it out. Dust and dirt accumulates on the walls, which interferes with normal operation, and because of it, even the best No Frost freezers for the home such as Nord, Indesit and Samsung can work poorly. Therefore, you should not be lazy and periodically wash out the equipment.