Penofol than to glue to concrete: insulation of a balcony and loggia with penofol, technology of work

6 best adhesives for metal

Any ratings of adhesives are controversial and subject to change, because the chemical industry does not stand still. Now such TOP-6 means for gluing metals, alloys is relevant:

1. Weicon VA 110 is the best adhesive in this ranking. It is waterproof, temperature resistant and safe (NSF). The treated surfaces are in contact with food without harm to health. Grabs in 20-50 seconds. It hardens in a day.
2. Strong steel stick renewal composite. Knead the mass with your fingers and apply. After 20 minutes, the material cures and becomes extremely hard. Suitable even for patching metal pipes. Resistant to the most aggressive substances: acids, alkalis, ethers. The strength of the glue is due to the content of epoxy resins.
3. Weicon RK-1500. Surfaces can be fastened in several ways: overlap, butt. It is a super strong, extremely temperature resistant composition. He is not afraid of heating up to +130 ° C. Withstands even +180 ° C, but not for long.
4. Epoxy EpoximaxX. Liquid formulation that can be applied with a brush. Keeps temperature up to +120 ° C. Suitable not only for metals.
5. Cold welding Poxipol. It becomes firm after 10 minutes. After an hour, the connected parts can be drilled, cut, processed. The bonding site takes 24 hours to dry completely. The seam is noticeable.
6. Super Glue Gel. Produced by BISON. A durable, eco-friendly product with a gel-like consistency. Does not spread.

Classic (uncrosslinked) polyethylene foam backing

Polyethylene foam backing material for floor coverings is made of polyethylene foam. Structurally, it consists of small-format gas-filled chambers ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm.

If earlier unsafe freon was used as a gas, today it has been successfully replaced with isobutane, propane-butane and butane mixtures.

Usually found in white, yellow, gray, light green, or blue. In this case, the color characteristics do not have a technical meaning.

It does not hurt to find out what thickness the polyethylene substrate is: it is produced in the widest variety - these are samples with a minimum thickness of 0.8; 1 mm, and the most commonly used substrate, the thickness of which is 2, 3 and 4 mm, as well as thickened specimens with a thickness of 5 and 6 mm.

The standard roll width is 1 or 1.5 m, and the length is 25 or 50 m. You can also find sheet polyethylene foam with parameters 1x2 m.

Specifications

• density - 25 (± 5) kg / m3;
• thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.045-0.055 W / (m ∙ ° С);
• specific heat capacity - 1.95 kJ / (kg ° C);
• vapor permeability - 0.03 mg / (m.h.Pa);
• water absorption throughout the volume at full immersion of the material 96 h ˂1%;
• compressive stress - 0.015 MPa;
• relative residual deformation in compression ≤ 20%;
• working temperature - -60 / + 75 ° С.

The classic polyethylene foam substrate described above has several advantages. The most significant of them is its excellent moisture resistance, which indicates the possibility of its flooring in any premises, including excessively damp ones.

However, such polyethylene foam substrates, the price of which is recognized as the lowest of the entire range, are short-lived due to the high susceptibility of the substrate to wear. Under the constant influence of large-sized objects, it is strongly deformed, in other words, it is pressed through.

With prolonged static loads, it practically does not restore its previous thickness, that is, it loses its elasticity, which leads to its early thinning and, in the worst case, turning into powder.

The same is true for the backing material when the floor is constantly exposed to ultraviolet rays. The combination of exposure to UV rays and oxygen is especially detrimental.

A polyethylene foam backing for a laminate, linoleum, parquet board or any other coating serves much less than the floor material itself.

Thus, after a certain operational period, the lining needs to be replaced, which is not always possible quickly when it comes to laminate or parquet floors.

Additional tips and tricks

When working with edging glue, a number of recommendations should be followed:

• the surface on which the composition will be applied must be cleaned of dust and degreased;
• in the room where the work is carried out, provide a temperature of +18 ⁰С and above;
• eliminate the presence of drafts, especially in winter, since a decrease in temperature can lead to solidification of the edge glue ahead of time;
• maintain normal humidity in the room;
• if necessary, remove the old edging tape, for which warm it up with a hairdryer or iron and carefully remove;
• glue consumption is more economical if a brand with a lower density is used;
• PUR glue is more economical than EVA glue.

It must be remembered that when using a manual edge gluing machine, productivity increases significantly, but all its parameters should be accurately set:

• time of continuous work;
• edge thickness;
• maximum and minimum of its height;
• feed rate;
• maximum dimensions of the workpiece;
• the weight of the hand-held machine.

The operation of the device may be affected by:

• the presence of different types of attachments for edges;
• the existence of a special dispenser for edge glue in the kit;
• the ability to rotate the part;
• simplicity of operation and maintenance of the device.

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Specifications

The main properties and characteristics of foamed polyethylene are as follows:

• The density of PPE depends on the method of its production and is: for PPPE and HPPE - from 33 kg / m3 to 300-500 kg / m3. Uncrosslinked PES is much lighter. According to TU, its density must be at least 20 kg / m3, but in fact, material is sold with a density of 12-18 kg / m3.
• Application temperature (from different manufacturers) varies within ± 10 С, but on average, the limits of its operating temperatures range from - 60 С ... + 75С. In the absence of contact with air, FPPE and HPPE can be used for a short time at temperatures up to +150 C (uncrosslinked up to +100 C). If PPE is used at temperatures below -60 C, then the material becomes brittle, and its permanent deformation increases to 35-40%.
• Foamed polyethylene, like all polymers with a closed-cell structure, has a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.38 W / m * K. Insulation made of polyethylene foam is second only to polyurethane foam in terms of its heat-saving characteristics.
• Cross-linked and non-cross-linked PPE have different vapor permeability. For uncrosslinked - this indicator is in the range of 0.003 mg / m * h * Pa, for sewn almost three times less - 0.001 mg / m * h * Pa.

Analogs

There are many analogues of E8000 glue:

1. B7000. It is one of the most popular formulations used as a touch screen sealant. In this case, the tool is considered multipurpose. It can be used to fix glass elements, plastic, wood, metal. Key characteristics include high bond strength. The finished seam can be more reliable than the fixing parts.
2. T7000. This tool is also used to fix touch screens and cellular modules. A distinctive feature is the black color. Therefore, it is permissible to use glue for repairing dark cases. The product is resistant to moisture and mechanical factors.
3. T8000. This composition is actively used for domestic purposes. However, the main purpose is considered to be the fixation of touchscreens.According to the principle of action, the composition resembles double-sided tape, but provides a stronger connection. When repaired again, the substance can be easily removed by heating and rolling. It takes 3-5 minutes to dry the composition. The final drying time is 1-2 days.
4. B8000. The composition is also intended for sealing and fixing touchscreens. The tool is intended for repairing iPhone parts, since it certainly does not corrode surfaces. If you want to remove the glue, it is heated with a hair dryer. The product has a completely transparent consistency. Polymerization takes 2-3 days.

E8000 glue is highly effective and helps to fix the details of mobile devices and other gadgets. To achieve success in the use of a substance, it is worth using it correctly. To do this, it is recommended to thoroughly clean and dry the surface, and then apply a thin layer of glue.

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Composition and properties

There are two types of glue sticks. They are made on the basis of PVA and PVP. These bases are humectants. The working qualities and application of the formulations differ from each other.

PVA-based

The base of the PVA glue stick is polyvinyl acetate. The active ingredient is glycerol. It is a synthetic component, which is a viscous transparent liquid. Glycerol is viscous. It doesn't smell. The moisturizing properties of glycerol are lower than that of glycerin. Various components are added to PVA glue to improve its quality:

• tricresyl phosphate,
• EDOS,
• acetone,
• esters.

These substances improve the adhesion of the adhesive. PVA glue dries faster. The shelf life of PVA pencil glue is 1.5-2 years. After that, the rod dries up, turning into a dense plastic cylinder. In doing so, it separates from the tube. But the fixation time on the surface is also shorter. It takes only 2 minutes for the glue mass of a PVA pencil to dry completely.

PVA glue stick allows exposure to high temperatures. But the lower threshold is limited to 15 degrees Celsius. At lower temperatures, the adhesive hardens quickly. It becomes difficult or impossible to smear it. PVA glue does not dissolve in water. He is not afraid of oil attacks. Atmospheric phenomena are not reflected on it in any way. The only thing he doesn't like is temperature changes.

Output. PVA glue stick has a wider range of applications.

PVP

The base of the PVP glue stick is glycerin. It is a natural substance that effectively protects the glue from drying out. Glycerin absorbs moisture from the environment. He is able to hold it for a long time.

The drying speed of the finished work increases up to 5 minutes. Unlike PVA, PVP pencil connects not only parts of cardboard and paper. It glues photographic paper and fabric. The glue is more resistant to low temperatures than PVA. He is less afraid of her drops. The paper after gluing PVP is not deformed. The adhesive does not change the color of the materials to be glued.

The composition of PVP glue is more complex. It varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. We can only talk about a small list of components that can be included in it in addition to glycerin:

1. Water. It serves as a natural solvent. Evaporating, allows the composition to harden.
2. Acrylic polymer is the main adhesive component, due to which the substance, when dried, polymerizes.
3. Sodium stearate is a substance that makes the glue mass more plastic and facilitates friction.
4. Polyethylene glycol - This substance is added to the adhesive to maintain flexibility.
5. Polyoxyethylene monooctylphenyl ether is a chemical compound that acts as an emulsifier, providing an emulsion when mixing dissimilar components.
6. N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer is a polymerization-enhancing ingredient.
7. Aminomethylpropanol is a buffer that neutralizes acids and contributes to the safe application of the adhesive.
8. Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.It is added to maintain the neutral pH balance of the adhesive.

The glue stick may contain hydrogen peroxide and caprolactam, which impart plasticity to the mass. If the glue stretches, forming threads, then this is the action of caprolactam.

Leveling the floor before laying

For a laminate, floor leveling is acutely necessary; without this stage of work, the consequences can be sad. Inexperienced craftsmen may not pay enough attention to alignment, as a result of which they will receive the following:

• when laying on a curved surface, the load on individual elements will be higher, the floor will deteriorate faster;
• the locks quickly loosen, literally in a couple of months they can begin to be damaged;
• uneven gaps appear between the boards, which makes the floor look unaesthetic.

The base should be as leveled as possible, while the materials used for this purpose must have high strength. Most often, alignment is carried out using tile adhesive, OSB and plywood, as a result of which the so-called "dry screed" is obtained. Here are the features of the work:

1. Plywood. Laying this material is advisable if the height differences are noticeable, but there is no high humidity in the room. Large deforming elements are removed, the floor is covered with an antiseptic composition. Sheathed with plywood a wooden crate, mount it on the floor, fix it with self-tapping screws.
2. Glue. You can also attach a laminate to tile glue, making a kind of screed out of it. But this option is suitable only in the presence of small surface defects. In this case, the height differences are no more than 3 mm. The glue is combined with sawdust or small shavings, preparing the putty. The floor is poured with such a mixture, it is leveled, at the same time closing up small cracks.
3. OSB. This wear-resistant material can easily make a dry screed, the price will be low. Installation is similar to that for plywood sheets.

What material can be used to replace the damper tape?

At the same time, we will immediately consider this problem.

Many, starting repair work, try to save on literally everything. Naturally, such owners do not tend to buy a compensation tape, but to replace it with some materials that seem suitable to them. For example:

• Wooden slats are fixed along the perimeter of the screed.
• Sections of foam plastic with a thickness of 10 ÷ 15 mm are installed.
• Strips cut from the canvas of one of the roll insulation made of the same foamed polyethylene are glued to the wall.

The author considers it his duty to warn that all these listed materials do not have the necessary characteristics, and it is quite possible that they will not be able to perform all the functions expected from them.

Let us explain why:

Rolled insulation material, with all the similarity of the material, does not fully possess sound-absorbing capabilities. In addition, its density is different, not that provided for the damper tape, so over time it can begin to deform.

The use of cut insulating foil material as a compensation tape - soon you can experience disappointment from your "frugality"

• Wooden slats, even if they are wrapped in polyethylene, still do not acquire all the necessary characteristics. They will not be able to protect the screed from moisture, close the bridges of cold along its edges and will not save you from vibration. Over time, under the influence of moisture, the wood will become unusable, which can negatively affect the concrete layer, as well as the decorative coating. In addition, the rail does not have the same elasticity as foamed polyethylene shows.
• Polyfoam is a very effective insulation, but does not have the proper elasticity, therefore, just like wooden slats, it will not be able to take the shape of the protrusions and recesses of the wall, which means it will not fit snugly to the surface. Because of this, this "damper" will not be able to absorb vibrations and dampen noise transmitted along the wall.When a load is applied to the foam, it is easily deformed and then does not take on its original shape. An exception (still undesirable) may be extruded polystyrene foam, but the elasticity in it is even less than in white foam. As a compensator for expansions - yes, it will cope, but as a damper - it will definitely lose to the real tape.

So, no matter what material is used as a substitute for the compensation tape, none of them can claim the "title of equivalent analogue" - for any of the points, there will still be a loss. In addition, the use of such "ersatz" negatively affects the process of pouring a high-quality screed and the speed of work.

How to make at home

Adhesive for PVC edgebands is prepared on their own at home. For this purpose it is necessary:

1. Cut the linoleum pieces into small pieces.
2. Place them in a glass or metal container that is tightly closed.
3. Add acetone in a volume twice as large as the first ingredient.
4. Close container tightly.
5. Put in a dark place for 12-15 hours.
6. After dissolving the linoleum, the glue can be used.

The melamine edging or edging with glue on the back is glued using ordinary tools, for this you need:

1. Measure the required length of the melamine edging, taking into account the trimming allowance.
2. Apply tape, align along one edge and iron with an iron, gradually moving 10-20 cm.
3. Roll the ironed areas with a roller.
4. Rub the heated areas with felt.
5. Withstand the temperature regime of heating the iron.
6. After cooling, trim the edge, clean the edges and corners.

Use a cotton cloth or fluoropolymer iron pad to maintain the correct temperature. Instead, it is more convenient to use a construction hair dryer. If a defect was allowed during the performance of the work, the edge is reheated, removed and all actions are repeated.

In the absence of glue on the back of the tape, proceed as planned:

1. Moment glue is applied.
2. Distribute over the entire surface.
3. Wait 10-15 minutes.
4. Press the surfaces to be glued tightly.
5. The bar is wrapped in felt and pressed tightly against the finish.
6. After the glue has dried, proceed to the processing of the edges.

Adhesives manufacturers

Superglues are produced by almost all well-known manufacturers of such products, both foreign and domestic. The most popular brands are:

1. "Contact". Superglue plus primer. The tool is sold in a set with a primer, intended for bonding complex and dissimilar materials, including plastics ABS, PP, PE. The primer increases the surface activity of the materials, thereby increasing the adhesion of the superglue. The main composition is applied to the surface after complete evaporation of the primer.
2. "Super Epoxy Moment". This superglue is two-component and does not include cyanoacrylate, instead it contains epoxy resin. Both components (resin and hardener) are placed in convenient syringes, from which they can be squeezed out in a precisely metered dose. Superglue "Moment" is ideal for bonding porcelain, crystal, wood, clay products, plastic, metal, precious stones.
3. Super Grip. Another two-component epoxy superglue suitable for metals and alloys, glass and ceramics, decorative and cladding boards. It can be used for industrial purposes. Superglue does not shrink, has low toxicity, it can be used as a putty, sealant.
4. "Monolith". This is one of the cheapest superglue, while still having decent quality. Most often, the composition is used for repairing shoes, gluing heels, soles. Superglue will reliably bond leather, leatherette, vinyl, plastic and metal, wood and all its derivatives.
5. "Superglue 505 Universal extra strong". The product hardens in 20 seconds, is absolutely transparent, suitable for all materials except Teflon, Styrofoam, Polypropylene and Polyethylene.The disadvantage of superglue is the stiffness of the glue seam, which does not withstand fracture loads poorly. A kind of agent is "Superglue 502", which is characterized by higher heat resistance.
6. "Master". This superglue bonds ceramics, porcelain, plastic, metal, leather, rubber, cardboard and wood. It is sold in mini-packs of 3 g, as well as in whole blisters, which contain 12 tubes / 3 g.
7. "Crocs 301". Universal super glue for all materials, provides a reliable bond for a long time. Seals, fills cracks and chips. Has a very convenient applicator, protected from solidification of the composition in the channel.
8. "Super Moment Pro". Robust, long-lasting superglue packaged in a reusable bottle with an easy-to-use cap. Resistant to moisture, heat-resistant, suitable for all materials except very soft leather, polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon, silicone rubber. Also superglue of this brand is not used on glazed surfaces.
9. Loctite. A fast curing compound based on cyanoacrylate with low viscosity. Superglue is suitable for all materials, especially those that are difficult to glue. Its stability is less dependent on air humidity than other adhesives. The downside is the high price.
10. 5 Second Fix. Other names for the glue are plastic-welding, liquid plastic fixer. It has an original design in the form of a pen with a fine tip, which is equipped with a rechargeable battery and an ultraviolet emitter. After applying the product, you need to shine on it for about 5 seconds, which seriously increases the strength of the glue line.
11. Wurth Klebfix. Structural adhesive for installation and repair, easy to open and close, equipped with anti-spill system. The bottle has a dispenser, and the glue is applied strictly drop by drop. The quality of adhesion with this composition is at the highest level.

Cross-linked polyethylene foam backing

It is characterized by a different molecular structure, in contrast to the "uncrosslinked" brother. The "stitching" procedure involves the formation of cross-links of molecular components into a 3D volumetric area with large-format cameras. The crosslinked polyethylene foam backing is also subdivided into two groups:

"Cross-linked" polyethylene foam by chemical technology

The method is based on a two-step manufacturing process. The first stage involves mixing polyethylene with reagent crosslinking agents and foaming agents, as a result of which the initial tape (matrix) is obtained. It is immersed in the furnace unit, where it is subjected to stepwise heating, which is the reason for the chemical reaction.

As a result, the polyethylene molecule, interacting with the crosslinker molecule, acquires altered bonds at the internal molecular level. In the last stage, the obtained billets again pass through the heating stage in the unit, where the final foaming process takes place.

The finished material is yellowish-white or gray. The thickness varies from 4 to 15 mm, the width is 1.5 m. The chemically sewn sheet material has a minimum thickness of 20 mm, and the length and width are 2 and 1 m, respectively. The maximum pore size is 1 mm.

Physically "cross-linked" polyethylene foam

It is characterized by the most complex three-step manufacturing process. The first stage is to obtain a matrix in the way described above. The second stage is based on subjecting the matrix to electron beam bombardment, which gives impetus to the ordering of the spatial structure of molecules.

This is the reason for the formation of additional stable ties. The third stage is the final foaming of the material in the oven.

To make the right choice, it will not be superfluous to clarify what thickness is the polyethylene foam backing that is physically sewn together. On average, it is 0.5-15 mm. The width is 1.5 m. You can also find a thickness exceeding 20 mm, as a rule, these are sheet substrates with parameters 1x2 m. The color is white or gray.

Specifications:

• density - 33 (± 5) kg / m3;
• thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.031 W / (m ∙ ° С);
• heat absorption coefficient - 0.34 W / (m ∙ ° С);
• compressive strength at 25% linear deformation - 0.035 MPa;
• vapor permeability - 0.001-0.0015 mg / (m.h. Pa);
• noise absorption ≥ 18 dB;
• water absorption - less than 1.9% of the volume;
• working temperature - -60 / + 105 ° С.

The main advantage of such a backing material is its phenomenal strength and microbiological resistance. This results in a long service life, commensurate with at least 15 years.

The material is not inferior to the "uncrosslinked" polyethylene foam and in terms of moisture resistance. But in terms of resistance to ultraviolet radiation, the "stitched" variety is clearly superior to its progenitor, as well as in density.

It was the high density that affected the improved noise and sound insulating properties of the substrate. In addition, its thermal conductivity is 20% lower than that of classical samples.

The disadvantage of "stitched" substrates is their high cost in comparison with "non-stitched" ones.