Did you know about the existence of such a mushroom? meet the chicken coop!

Growing at home and in the country

To grow an umbrella mushroom, you need to find a mycelium in the forest with an old, flabby fruit, which will serve as a spreader of spores at their summer cottage. At home, you need to prick his hat on a branch, and let it hang over the prepared soil.

As the fungus dries, the spores mature and spill out onto the ground. It must contain a sufficient amount of calcium carbonate. However, it can be replaced with a concentrate intended for growing mushrooms.

It is quite difficult to take care of a girl's umbrella mushroom at home, it is very picky, and therefore it is better to do it in natural habitat. However, this method is also quite problematic. Looking after a certain clearing, it cannot be completely secured from harvesting by other mushroom pickers.

Despite this, it is possible to increase the population of the umbrella in the place of residence if, during collection, cut off the cap of the old specimen and hang it on a branch directly above its place of growth.

Growing at home and in the country

Since the red umbrella mushroom belongs to the Champignon family, the methods of cultivating it in the country or in the forest are very similar. On an industrial scale, breeding is not carried out, but it is quite possible to grow 1-2 buckets of chicken coops for yourself.

There are 2 ways to do this: through the mycelium and by spores. Since it is very difficult to buy a mycelium of a shaggy umbrella in stores, you can try to bring it from the forest. But experienced lovers of quiet hunting and gardeners who tried to grow a chicken in this way, argue that the likelihood of mycelium taking root on the site is extremely low. The shaggy umbrella is a rather picky mushroom.

To cultivate a chicken coop mushroom with the help of spores, you can bring an old flabby umbrella mushroom from the forest and sow its spores on the site. For this, the head of the fruiting body is pricked onto a tree branch (wooden stick) and hung over the area where they plan to breed chicken coops. In a suspended state, the umbrella dries up, and the spores inside the cap ripen and eventually spill out onto the ground, sowing the area.

In order to create favorable conditions for the umbrella, you need to carefully prepare the garden bed. Since mushrooms are very fond of calcium-rich soils, you need to fertilize the garden with calcium carbonate. If this is not possible, then you can purchase ready-made soil mixtures for cultivating champignons.

The appearance of the chestnut umbrella

The chestnut lepiota's hat does not exceed 2-4 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the cap is campanulate-ovate, but in mature specimens it becomes flat with a small tubercle. The surface of the cap is white with concentric rows of fibrous, small, chestnut-brown scales, and the tubercle is chestnut-brown.

The pulp is creamy or whitish. It is soft and thin in structure. It has a pleasant smell and a vague taste. The plates are frequent, wide, free. Spores are oblong-ellipsoidal, smooth, colorless.

The length of the chestnut umbrella leg is 3-4 centimeters, the diameter is small - 0.3-0.5 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical, while the base is widened. The leg is hollow inside. It has a ring on it, but it quickly disappears. The color of the leg is the same with the scales of the cap - chestnut-brown. There is a flocculent plaque on the surface of the leg.

Distribution of chestnut lepiota

Chestnut lepiota is widespread in Europe, and also occurs in Russia, namely in the Leningrad region. Fruiting time is in August. Chestnut umbrellas grow in small groups.

Similarities to other mushrooms

The chestnut umbrella has similarities with other poisonous and inedible lepiots, for example, with the brown-red lepiot.

Related species

The blush umbrella is an edible mushroom. The mushroom has a very delicate appearance - its color is light pink.The surface of the mushroom is very smooth. The leg is thin. At a young age, there is a ring on the stem of the fungus, and after that it disappears. The diameter of the cap is approximately 6 centimeters, and the length of the stem is 8-10 centimeters.

Umbrellas grow ruddy from mid-summer to mid-autumn. You can find them in many places: in pastures, along roadsides, in gardens. They grow in the grass. These are quite tasty mushrooms with an original fruity smell.

Sharp-flaked umbrella - poisonous mushroom. The hat is bell-shaped, then changes to an umbrella-shaped one. The diameter of the cap of the sharply scaled umbrella is 5-10 centimeters. The color of the cap is rusty-brown. The entire surface of the cap is covered with pointed pyramidal scales. These scales are rather large brownish-brown in color. The leg is flat, 1, -1.5 centimeters thick and 8-12 centimeters long. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, and the base is swollen. Above the ring, the leg is light and smooth, and below it is ocher-brownish or yellowish-brown with brown scales. The ring is filmy, wide and thin. The pulp is loose, white, with an unpleasant taste and smell.

Sharp-flaked umbrellas bear fruit from August to September, the peak falls in the first half of September. They settle in mixed forests, on rotten debris, on rich soil, on lawns, in parks. They are not common, but grow in groups or singly. The distribution area of ​​these mushrooms is North America and Europe.

According to some sources, this mushroom is inedible because of its nasty taste, while according to others, it is deadly poisonous. The broth has an unpleasant smell of resin or old fish oil, but when the mushrooms cool down, a faint berry-fruity smell appears.

LAT Lepiota castanea Inedible Synonyms: Chestnut Lepiota, Lepiota ignipes

Specifications:

Systematics:

It is considered an inedible or poisonous fungus containing amatoxins, which infect liver cells (hepatocytes), causing their necrosis, and thus pose a great threat to human health and life in case of intoxication.

Description of the girl's umbrella

The diameter of the hat of a girl's umbrella ranges from 4 to 10 centimeters. At first, the cap is ovoid, thinly fleshy, but as it grows, it becomes convex, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped. There is a low tubercle in the center. Fringed edges, thin.

The surface of the cap is very light, almost white, and the tubercle is brownish in color. The cap is densely covered with large fibrous scales, at first their color is light hazel or white, but then they darken, especially in the center, while the tubercle is completely naked.

The flesh of the cap is white, at the base of the leg and when cut is slightly redder. It has a radish smell, but its taste is not pronounced.

The height of the leg reaches 7-12 centimeters, but can reach 16 centimeters, its thickness varies from 0.6 to 1 centimeter. The leg has a cylindrical shape, in the upper part it becomes narrower, and the base with a tuberous thickening. Inside, it is hollow, fibrous, the shape is curved. The surface of the leg is smooth, whitish in color; over time, its color becomes dirty brown.

The plates of the mushroom are free, they are often located, with an even edge, they are easily separated from the cap. At first, the plates are white with a pinkish tinge, but as the mushroom matures, they become darker, if touched, they turn brown.

At the top of the leg there is a whitish ring, it is mobile, wide with wavy edges. There is a flocculent coating on the ring. Slightly creamy spore powder.

Ecology and the spread of the maiden's umbrella

These mushrooms grow in the soil of mixed and pine forests, as well as in meadows.They can occur singly, but in rare cases they come across in small groups.

Girls' umbrellas are common in Eurasia: in France, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, Ukraine, Estonia, Finland, as well as in the British Isles. In our country, these mushrooms are found on Sakhalin and the Primorsky Territory, in the European part of Russia they are extremely rare.

The yielding season is in August-October.

The number of girls' umbrellas

In many regions of distribution, these mushrooms are rare, so they need protection. The girl's umbrella is in the Red Book of Russia and Belarus, it is also noted in the Red Data Book of many regions.

Throughout the entire distribution area, the number of the maiden's umbrella is small, in addition, it is subject to significant fluctuations.

Similar species

A similar species is the blushing umbrella. It has a darker cap and larger size, as well as a brighter flesh when cut. The diameter of the cap reaches 10-15 centimeters. At first it is ovoid, but after it becomes umbrella-shaped.

Mushroom umbrella blushing

Red umbrellas are found in July - October in mixed and spruce forests. They often coexist with anthills. The peak of fruiting occurs at the end of August, during this period mushrooms can grow in very large groups. Also, good fruiting can be observed in October.

The blushing umbrella is considered an edible mushroom with excellent taste. But during cooking, the legs are separated, as they are hard.

Harm and contraindications of umbrella mushrooms

The use of umbrella mushrooms is contraindicated for:

• diseases of the digestive tract,
• pancreatitis,
• pregnant women,
• children under 5 years old.

• Due to the bactericidal properties of the umbrella mushroom, it is believed that the powder from the dried legs cleanses and heals the air in the living room.
• In Italy, young specimens of the variegated umbrella mushroom are called “drumsticks” (Italian mazza di tamburo).
• Despite the excellent taste and a lot of useful properties, many, including experienced mushroom pickers, treat umbrellas with prejudice and bypass this mushroom.

Systematics:

• Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
• Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
• Family: Agaricaceae (Champignon)
• Genus: Leucoagaricus (Belochampignon)
• View: Leucoagaricus nympharum (Umbrella maiden)
  

Synonyms:

Leucoagaricus puellaris

(Latin Leucoagaricus nympharum) is a mushroom of the mushroom family. In old taxonomy systems, it belonged to the genus Macrolepiota and was considered a species of blush umbrella mushroom. Edible, but since it is rare and subject to protection, it is not recommended to collect it.

Description of the girl's umbrella

The hat of a maiden's umbrella with a diameter of 4-7 (10) cm, thinly fleshy, initially ovoid, then convex, bell-shaped or umbellate, with a low tubercle, the edge is thin, fringed. The surface is very light, sometimes almost white, the tubercle is brownish, bare, the rest of the surface is densely covered with large fibrous scales, at first they are white or light hazel, then darken, especially in the center of the cap.

The flesh of the cap is white, at the base of the stem it turns slightly red on the cut, with a radish smell and without a pronounced taste.

The leg is 7-12 (16) cm high, 0.6-1 cm thick, cylindrical, tapers upwards, with a tuberous thickening at the base, sometimes curved, hollow, fibrous. The surface of the leg is smooth, whitish, and becomes dirty brownish over time.

The plates are frequent, free, with a thin cartilaginous colarium, with a smooth edge, easily detached from the cap. Their color is initially white with a pinkish tinge, becomes darker with age, and turns brown from the touch of the plate.

The remains of the bedspread: the ring at the top of the leg is whitish, wide, mobile, with a wavy edge, covered with a flaky coating; Volvo is missing.

Spore powder is white or slightly creamy.

Ecology and distribution

The maiden's umbrella grows on soil in pine and mixed forests, in meadows, appears singly or in groups, rarely occurs. Distributed in Eurasia, known in the British Isles, France, Germany, Finland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Ukraine, in the north of the Balkan Peninsula. In Russia, it is found in the Primorsky Territory, on Sakhalin, very rarely in the European part.

Season
: August - October.

Similar species
(Chlorophyllum rhacodes) with a darker colored cap and intensely colored pulp on the cut, larger in size.

View in the Red Book

In many regions of distribution, the girl's umbrella is rare and requires protection. It was listed in the Red Data Book of the USSR, now - in the Red Data Book of Russia, Belarus, in many regional Red Data Books.

Number
: in all regions, the number is small and subject to significant fluctuations.

Latin name:
Leucoagaricus puellaris Department:
Basidiomycetes Class:
Agaricomycetes Order:
Agaricaceae Family:
Champignon Genus:
Belochampignon Mushroom cap (diameter, cm):
4-7 Disputes:
colorless, smooth, ellipsoid, 8-9 × 5-5.5 microns, pseudoamyloid, metachromatic, sometimes germinating, contain a fluorescent drop
August-October Habitat:
Grows on soil in pine and mixed forests, meadows, appears singly or in groups
edible

The mushroom cap has a diameter of 4 to 7 cm, it can reach 10 cm. The shape changes from ovoid to convex, bell-shaped or umbellate, with a low tubercle. The edges of the cap are thin, fringed. The surface layer is almost white, densely covered with significant fibrous scales, which are white or light hazel in youth, darken with age, especially in the middle of the cap, the tubercle is brownish, glabrous.

The pulp is white, when cut at the base of the leg, the color changes to reddish, there is a radish smell, without characteristic taste properties.

False umbrella mushroom, photo and description.

Edible umbrella mushrooms also have poisonous counterparts, the description and photos of which are presented below:

Chlorophyllum lead-slag (Latin Chlorophyllum molybdites) is a poisonous mushroom, very similar to an umbrella. The hat is white, covered with pinkish-brown scales, 7 to 30 centimeters in diameter, initially spherical, becomes almost flat with age. The leg of the poisonous mushroom is smooth, 10-25 cm in height, 1 to 3 cm in diameter, turns brown in the damaged area, there is a ring in the upper part. The pulp is white, sometimes it becomes reddish on the cut, has no pronounced taste and smell. The plates free from the stem are white; with age, they change color to grayish-green or olive. When pressed, the plates turn yellow or brownish. False mushroom umbrella grows in the United States, Australia, Africa, in the countries of Eurasia.

Chlorophyllum dark brown (Latin Chlorophyllum brunneum) is a poisonous mushroom, very similar to an umbrella mushroom. A mushroom with a fleshy, scaly brown cap, reaching a diameter of 9-15 cm. The stem is white, with age it becomes gray-brown, cylindrical, thick and rather short. At the base of the leg, there is a peculiar tuberous growth up to 6 cm in diameter. The flesh of the mushroom is white, when broken it is slightly colored in a reddish or orange tint. According to some reports, the mushroom has a hallucinogenic effect, its toxic properties are not fully understood. These false umbrella mushrooms grow in the United States, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Amanita muscaria (gray) (lat.Amanita pantherina) is a deadly poisonous mushroom with an initially hemispherical and then flat brownish-brown cap covered with whitish flakes. The diameter of the glossy and shiny cap is from 4 to 12 cm. The leg of the panther fly agaric is 1-1.5 centimeters in diameter, up to 12 cm high, at the bottom it has a tuberous thickening and a ring, which is sometimes absent. The hymenophore is lamellar, white, sometimes with brownish spots.The pulp of the mushroom is white, does not change color when broken, has an unpleasant odor and a slightly sweetish aftertaste. The panther fly agaric grows massively in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

Amanita muscaria, it is also a white toadstool (lat.Amanita virosa). A highly toxic mushroom, the accidental consumption of which in almost 90 cases out of a hundred leads to death, and only in 10 cases causes very serious poisoning. All parts of the mushroom are usually off-white or grayish in color. The cap is covered with flakes, in young specimens it is conical or hemispherical, with age it becomes slightly convex. The color of the cap of a white toadstool can range from pure white to grayish or pinkish. The stinky fly agaric leg is 10 to 15 cm high and 1 to 2 cm in diameter, cylindrical in shape, covered with a bloom in the form of flakes, has a tuberous thickening at the base. The ring on the leg is filmy, it quickly disappears, and only its fibrous scraps remain on it. The pulp is white at the break, with a very unpleasant chlorine odor. The smelly fly agaric is widespread in the countries of Eurasia, from the northern part of France to the territory of the Far East, it is found in the mountainous regions of Central and Southern Europe.

WHAT CAN BE CONFUSED WITH EDIBLE UMBRELLA MUSHROOM (poisonous umbrellas and edible counterparts of the variegated umbrella)

It is possible to confuse a variegated umbrella with: a brown umbrella (Chlorophyllum brunneum), other rare species of edible umbrellas, some types of lepiots and with lead-slag chlorophyllum (Latin Chlorophyllum molybdites). Let's consider all these types separately and highlight the differences.

✘ Lead and slag umbrella (Chlorophyllum molybdites)

The differences are very subtle. Lead-slag chlorophyllum is a poisonous mushroom, very similar to an umbrella. The hat is white, covered with pinkish-brown scales, 7 to 30 centimeters in diameter, initially spherical, becomes almost flat with age. The leg of the poisonous mushroom is smooth, 10-25 cm in height, 1 to 3 cm in diameter, turns brown in the damaged area, there is a ring in the upper part. The pulp is white, sometimes it becomes reddish on the cut, has no pronounced taste and smell. The plates free from the stem are white; with age, they change color to grayish-green or olive. When pressed, the plates turn yellow or brownish. False mushroom umbrella grows in the United States, Australia, Africa, in the countries of Eurasia.

That is, it differs from an edible variegated umbrella only in the pattern on the hat and, most importantly, in the color of the plates! Moreover, in young specimens, the plates may be white! The lead shade appears in the fungus only with age. Occurs singly, in small groups or "witch's rings", in gardens, meadows, fields.

True, there is one big plus - Chlorophyllum lead and slag grows in North America, Australia and some countries of Eurasia. In Ukraine, this poisonous umbrella has not yet been officially recorded. But this is all a matter of time, so be careful and always look under the cap of the hat!

✘ Umbrella (chlorophyllum) dark brown (Chlorophyllum brunneum)

Chlorophyllum is dark brown or brown - according to some reports, a poisonous mushroom, very similar to an umbrella mushroom. A mushroom with a fleshy, scaly brown cap, reaching a diameter of 9-15 cm. The stem is white, with age it becomes gray-brown, cylindrical, thick and rather short. At the base of the leg, there is a peculiar tuberous growth up to 6 cm in diameter. The flesh of the mushroom is white, when broken it is slightly colored in a reddish or orange tint. According to some reports, the mushroom has a hallucinogenic effect, its toxic properties are not fully understood, and its use in food in some people led to allergic and other reactions. These false umbrella mushrooms grow in the United States, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This means that they can meet with us.

Chlorophyllum dark brown or brown is distinguished by its "stockiness" and stuntedness (lower and thicker stem) in comparison with the variegated umbrella, as well as the darker color of the scales on the cap and the fact that its flesh on the cut changes color, like a blushing umbrella. The leg does not have a motley pattern typical for an umbrella, it is smoother.

C hlorophyllum brunneum - false umbrella

Chlorophyllum brunneum is an inedible umbrella! His flesh changes color at the cut!

IN UKRAINE MEETS UMBRELLA WITH DARK PLATES:

If you see brown plates, you shouldn't take such an umbrella!

Brown plates at the poisonous umbrella

The legs of the motley and poisonous umbrella are also different. The green arrow denotes a variegated umbrella, red - the legs of poisonous umbrellas.

The legs of edible and poisonous umbrellas - the difference

✘ Umbrella scaly (Lepiota brunneoincarnata, Lepiota scaly, Lepiota brown-red)

This is one of the most dangerous deadly poisonous mushrooms.

The cap of this poisonous lepiota is 2-7 cm in diameter, thin-fleshy, bell-shaped, semicircular, later flat or convex-prostrate, with a tubercle, creamy or grayish brown with a cherry tint, with dark, concentric circles of scales, which are often in the center merge and form a continuous cover of blackish-cherry color, with a thin, tucked, later spread, wavy edge.

The stem of the fungus is about 2-4 X 0.5-0.8 cm, central location, cylindrical, sometimes slightly curved at the base, fistular, white above the ring, under the ring, mainly at the base, dark cherry color with a flaky bloom, with quickly disappearing ring.

It grows in beech forests, parks, gardens and cultivated soils. It is considered a rare species. However, if you see such a mushroom, do not touch it with your hands!

✘ Sharp-scaled Lepiota

The mushroom is also known by the names Grungy Umbrella, umbrella raspberry and lepiota rough. See How To Tell It From An Edible Umbrella

I recommend that you carefully study the photos of lepiots before collecting edible umbrellas!

Literature

• Wasser S.P. Flora of mushrooms of Ukraine. Agaric mushrooms / holes. ed. I. A. Dudka. - TO.: "Naukova Dumka", 1980. - S. 296-298.
• Mushrooms: Handbook / Per. with ital. F. Dvin. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - S. 68. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4.
• Lesso T. Mushrooms, determinant / per. from English L. V. Garibova, S. N. Lekomtseva. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2003. - S. 166. - ISBN 5-17-020333-0.
• Identifier guide: Mushrooms / otv. for the release of Yu. G. Khatskevich. - Mn.: Harvest, 2002 .-- S. 262 .-- 480 p. - 7000 copies - ISBN 985-13-0913-3.
• Harding P. Mushrooms / Translated from English. D.S.Schigel. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2002. - S. 24. - ISBN 5-17-011765-5.

Are mushrooms useful for umbrellas?

You've probably heard that mushrooms can benefit the human body. Provided, of course, that they are edible and collected in the right place. In view of this, it is safe to say that an umbrella, if used correctly, can improve your well-being. It contains substances that have a weak antitumor effect
, thereby inhibiting the development of benign neoplasms.

In addition, these substances have a positive effect on the cells of the body, helping to ensure that they are regularly renewed and do it right. Also, umbrella mushrooms have a positive effect on hematopoiesis and the work of the cardiovascular system
... And, of course, do not forget that all mushrooms have very low glycemic index
... Therefore, if you want to lose weight, be sure to include this product in your diet.

Poisonous umbrella mushrooms

In addition to delicious edible umbrella mushrooms, there are poisonous mushrooms similar to them, poisoning with which often leads to serious consequences.

Chestnut

Umbrella mushroom chestnut or chestnut leopite (Lepiota castanea) also belongs to the mushroom family,
but it is a poisonous mushroom. He has a very small cap, no more than 5 cm in diameter, bell-shaped, which later becomes flat.On its surface there are small fibrous scales of chestnut color, which form concentric rows.

The white or cream-colored pulp has a rather pleasant smell. The inner part of the cap is filled with frequent, wide white plates. The legs thickened in the lower part have a height of up to 5 cm and a diameter of about 0.5 cm. The ring that initially forms on it quickly disappears. NSfloods from July to early September.

Comb

The umbrella mushroom or leopite comb (Lepiota cristata) is a member of the mushroom family, and although it is less poisonous than the chestnut umbrella mushroom, ingestion of it can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and headache.
Its caps barely reach 4 cm in diameter, at first they are ovoid, and then fully open. The skin is white in color and covered with rust-colored scales. Very thin white plates are quite common. On whitish-red legs up to 4 cm high and about 3 mm in diameter, there is a white ring that disappears over time. Fruiting lasts from July to October.