Polish mushroom (chestnut moss): photo and description, the most useful among the moss

Row gray

Gray ryadovka (streaky ryadovka, mice (mice, mice), podsosnovik, green grass, gray sandpiper, silver gray) is an edible mushroom that belongs to the Ryadovkov family:

• the mushroom has a dark gray cap measuring 15 cm. Often there are ray stripes of a dark shade in the center of the apex. The older the eukaryote becomes, the less attractive the surface is;
• the leg of the rows is proportionally long, white;
• the flesh is usually gray, has a flour flavor and a pleasant delicate aroma.

Row gray

The gray ryadovka can be confused with a representative of the same genus - the mouse ryadovka, which is very dangerous, because the last mushroom is poisonous. However, there are rather clear differences between them: the gray row has a more pronounced contour of the cap.Poisonous mouse row
The mouse is an incredible find, because you can cook any dish from it, but preliminary processing (20-minute boiling) is required.

TOP 5 interesting facts about tree mushrooms

Edible species parasitizing plants are used in salads and main dishes. They are pickled and salted, eaten stewed and fried, added to appetizers and delicacies in Korean and Chinese. Heat treatment is required before use. Energy value (caloric content) - 14-25 kcal.

Interesting facts deserve attention:

1. Crafts from a tree mushroom. Figurines, ornaments (pendants, pendants) are made from the solid pulp of some species, and original lamps and lamps are made.
2. Ability to bear fruit on wet sawdust, straw or cellulose. This feature allows you to grow some varieties in summer cottages.
3. Increase when soaked. Dry wood mushrooms are small in size, but if they are placed in water, they increase several times.
4. The taste of seafood. The species growing on trees differ in taste from classical mushrooms.
5. Unique chemical composition. Many species have medicinal properties for the body, improve mental activity. They are used as part of low-calorie diets for weight loss, in the treatment of allergies, gastritis, cancer, diabetes and other diseases.

Useful species can be purchased dry in pharmacies. They are also part of a number of preparations for internal use and external application. In stores, they are sold in pressed form (briquettes).

Boletus yellow-brown

The yellow-brown boletus (or common boletus) is an unusual representative of eukaryotes, which differs from other edible relatives by its scaly leg:

• the cap is large, reaching 20 cm. It is not very voluminous, yellow-brown in color with smooth edges;
• the scaly leg is usually large, thick, and proportionally high. Black scales favorably highlight the white leg;
• boletus pulp is fleshy, tasty, but does not have a pronounced smell.

Boletus prefers young deciduous and mixed forests and appears in June and disappears in October. Usually mushroom pickers collect the largest harvest in mid-September.

Boletus is similar exclusively to mushrooms from its own family and differs only in color.
This product is great for pickling. Salted or pickled aspen mushrooms turn out worse, because they lose their shape.

The medicinal properties of the Polish mushroom

The beneficial properties of the White Polish mushroom are determined, first of all, by theanine, an amino acid that is also present in green tea. Due to this, it is considered curative, because he:

• Helps to relax and calm down.
• Normalizes blood pressure.
• Neutralizes the negative effects of caffeine.
• Serves as an excellent prophylactic against cancer.
• Helps fight obesity.

In addition, other beneficial properties are inherent in medicinal mushrooms:

• Over a dozen amino acids help improve brain function.
• Vitamins of group B, normalize the work of the nervous system, regenerate neurons, heal skin, hair and nails.
• Thanks to chitin, this product helps the body get rid of toxins and harmful impurities.
• They have a diuretic effect, relieve swelling, are useful for kidney problems, and help remove sand from them.
• Effective in the treatment of wines, warts and bruises.

The beneficial properties of the White Polish mushroom are determined, first of all, by theanine, an amino acid that is also present in green tea.

Where do Polish mushrooms grow?

The Polish mushroom is most widespread in Europe (Western Ukraine, Poland, Germany, the Baltic States, Czech Republic, Belarus and part of Russia), in the Caucasus, in Siberia (Western and Eastern). It can be found in the forests of the Far East, Azerbaijan, Central Asia, Mongolia and even in North America, as well as in some parts of Australia.

What forests do they grow in

Flywheels live both in coniferous forests, where they form mycorrhiza (symbiosis of the mycelium of fungi with the root system of plants growing above them) with pine and spruce tree species, and in mixed, slightly less often deciduous forests.

What trees to look for

Most likely to see Polish mushrooms under chestnut, beech, pine, spruce and oak. The most fertile soil for these fungi is moss and sandstone, as well as tree foundations. At the same time, they grow in small groups or singly.

Where do not grow

Flywheels are quite rare in areas with hot and dry summers; their main habitat is the northern temperate zone.

Widespread tree fungus: characteristic of the scaly tinder fungus

The scaly tinder fungus can be called differently: elm, and variegated tinder fungus, and motley, and hare. In appearance, it resembles discs or plates that have grown into a tree trunk.

Usually grows low. Sometimes it reaches a height of 10-12 meters, or vice versa, they grow almost out of the ground. Rotten stumps are perfect for the appearance of a scaly tinder fungus.

Appearance and distribution area

Young scaly tinder fungus has a helmet-like shape, but over time it changes to a fan-shaped hat. The cap grows up to 30-40 cm in diameter, covered with black or brown scales, located in concentric circles. Has thin and downward-curving edges of the cap, sometimes they are serrated. The caps are rather thick, fleshy, and have a juicy flesh. When broken, they give off a pleasant smell, similar to the smell of a half-baked bun, sometimes completely honey. As the mushroom matures, the cap becomes harsh to the touch. Most often colored yellow. The bottom is tubular, yellowish or white.

The leg of the scaly tinder fungus reaches a thickness of up to 4 cm in diameter, and is short. In some cases, the length reaches 8-10 cm. By location, it is mostly lateral and never grows from the center. The shape of the leg can be either straight or curved. It is dense in mass, but upward turns into a mesh, porous and loose. As for the color of the mushroom leg, it has a white, cream or yellowish tone. The color of the base is brown with black, covered with dark scales over the entire surface.

The scaled polypore is a widespread species in the deciduous forests of North America and Europe. In Russia, it grows in the Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory and the Crimea. It is also found in the North Caucasus. A separate subspecies of scaly tinder fungus is also found in the forests of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, and even in Kamchatka.

The fungus grows not only in forests, but also in city parks, preferring weakened non-coniferous trees such as maple and sometimes beech. Most of all he loves to settle on an elm tree - hence its second name - an elm tree. Often, the mushroom grows in clusters, forming small colonies.

Medicinal properties

In official medicine, scaly tinder fungus is used in the basis of drugs.Mushroom medicine gives an excellent healing effect, aimed at restoring organs that have been intoxicated with toxic substances. These can be common poisons, heavy metals like mercury and even gases like sarin.

The medicinal properties of the scaly tinder fungus are also used in folk medicine. For a long time, recipes for the preparation of dry anti-inflammatory extracts and ointments have been known, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi that develop on human skin and under nails.

Medicinal ointments are prepared from scaly tinder fungus

You can eat, but only carefully!

Scaly tinder fungus is a conditionally edible fungus, and only when fresh. That is, harvested in the spring, when its pulp is soft and fleshy. Later, the pulp becomes tough, like an old cork, crumbles easily and loses its flavor.

You can prepare delicious and varied dishes from the mushroom. There are cooking recipes that allow you to both fry, salt, marinate and dry, as well as cook pies with them, add to soups as a seasoning and much more.

The preparation of the scaly tinder fungus should be started immediately, after returning from the forest: the first step is to soak the mushroom well for 12 hours, but it can be longer. In this case, the water changes every 1-1.5 hours. Regardless of what kind of dish you are going to cook, the mushroom should first be finely chopped, and then boiled well. It should be boiled for at least 40 minutes, then peeled from the skin with scales. An undercooked mushroom turns out to be quite hard and slightly sweet in taste, and even the abundant use of spices will not knock this sweetness down.

Before cooking, the scaly tinder fungus must be soaked for at least twelve hours.

Timely collected and properly prepared scaly tinder fungus has amazing taste. Having prepared a dish from it at least once, you can fall in love with these woody mushrooms for life!

Sleeper mushroom - description, where it grows, the toxicity of the mushroom

A sleepy mushroom is an edible mushroom belonging to the polyporous family. Despite its edibility, this species is little known, so many mushroom pickers, seeing it, simply bypass it. Another name for representatives of this species is scaly saw-leaf.

Description of the species

Young specimens of the species have a rather convex cap, which gradually melts with the growth of the fungus, forming a funnel-shaped depression in the inner part. The edges of the cap are rather thin. The diameter of this part of the mushroom does not exceed 100 mm. The color ranges from off-white to light brown with some yellowness. On a dry surface, you can clearly see small scales of a brown or brownish color. Closer to the central part, larger scales are located.

The lamellar body of the scaly saw leaf is distinguished by plates with rather large notches, their color varies from dirty yellow to brown. The pulp of this type is white in young specimens, dense and elastic, hardens with maturation. The pulp of the fruiting body has a pleasant mushroom aroma.

Leg of regular shape, one-piece, tapering towards the base. The color of this part of the sleeper mushroom is off-white, the surface is covered with small reddish scales.

Growing places

Most often, this type of mushroom can be found growing on fallen and dead trees, in fact, representatives of this species feed on decaying wood. In addition to deadwood, stumps and fallen trees, groups of fungi can grow on various wood products, sleepers and telegraph poles, thereby destroying their structure. Note that in order to preserve the operational life of such products, the latter are covered with a special antiseptic. Nevertheless, this does not harm the sawfoot at all, which, on the contrary, likes such "impregnation", in fact, which is why this species got its name - the sleeper mushroom.

Where is the best place to collect?

Although the type of mushroom presented to our attention is classified as edible, nevertheless, there are hardly many people who want to try culinary delights with mushrooms growing on wood impregnated with creosote.

We draw your attention to the fact that mushrooms growing on sleepers can be harmful to health, since they accumulate in themselves a sufficiently large amount of harmful substances that negatively affect the human body.

Therefore, if you decide to harvest saw-leaf, in this case, these mushrooms should be collected in the forest. For collection, it is better to choose young specimens, the preparation of which involves pickling and salting.

Poisonous doubles

The sleeper mushroom has a characteristic appearance, so it is rather difficult to confuse it with other species; currently, there is no information about the dangerous and poisonous doubles of this mushroom for humans.

Beneficial features

Due to their nutritional value, mushrooms such as scaly-leafed leaves are widely used in oriental dishes. In addition to its nutritional value, the mushroom is also very useful, in dried form, it has a good antitumor effect in the treatment of cancer. Also, the use of sawfoot contributes to the formation of useful substances, including interferon, which effectively fights against many ailments of an infectious nature.

Goblet sawfoot - this mushroom is not used for cooking, as it belongs to the inedible species. The cap has a characteristic funnel shape, reddish-white color. The caps of adult mushrooms are usually white due to discoloration. The surface of the peel of the fruiting body is dry, covered with fine hair, the edges are uneven. The pulp is quite firm, with a pleasant aroma of fresh fruit. The stem of the mushroom is small in size, but at the same time rather thick, almost completely covered with plates. Most often, this species grows on damaged deciduous wood.
Tiger saw-leaf is a conditionally edible mushroom. The mushroom cap has an asymmetrical shape, funnel-shaped. The surface is dry, densely covered with small brown scales. The leg is white, darkening closer to the base. The pulp is white; when the fruit body is broken, it almost immediately changes color and turns red. The fruiting season is from early summer to mid-autumn. Most often, this type of mushroom is found in coniferous forests among the accumulation of dead wood.

False doubles

The edible Polish mushroom has counterparts. These include benign mushrooms: green, brown, variegated. How to define them?

1. Green has a hat of the corresponding color or golden. When cracked, it turns yellow. His tubular hymenophore is whitish-green, the leg is light-colored.
2. Brown has a cap with a diameter of 10 cm. It can be colored brown, red or yellow. When cracking, straw-colored flesh is visible. A saffron-colored leg with a reddish mesh darkens with age.
3. The variegated one is distinguished by a yellowish cap, which is gradually covered with cracks. Through them, the flesh of a pinkish tone is visible.

The listed species cannot be called "bruises", because when pressed, spots of this color do not appear on their surface. This is the fundamental difference between the chestnut flyworm from them and from the boletus, which is close to it in appearance. The features of these mushrooms can be seen in the photo:

However, the Polish one also has dangerous false counterparts, similar to the porcini mushroom and which are also false in relation to it. The table shows the comparative signs of its poisonous imitators.

So, we see the main differences between the insidious twins from the deer. In the case of Satan, this is reddening when pressed, a fundamentally different (grayish) color of the cap, a different shape and color of the leg, a bad smell. And in gall - the pink color of the pulp, its bitterness and the absence of a blue spot during physical exposure.

What mushrooms are similar to Polish and how to distinguish from false

The Polish representatives also have dangerous counterparts. This is a gall mushroom, some species of mushrooms, as well as a satanic mushroom. Polish can always be identified by the blue discoloration of the fruit chalk. But there are other distinctive features as well.

Gall mushroom

This species is known under the name "gorchak". Its representatives belong to the conditionally edible category. Eating fruits is possible only after certain additional treatments have been carried out. One single bitter pot, lost among other mushrooms, can spoil the taste of a whole dish.

You can distinguish gorchak by color. The tubular layer under the cap of the fruit has a grayish-pink tint. Another characteristic difference is its unpleasant odor. But this feature is pronounced only in aging specimens.

Motley moss

Outwardly, mushrooms are very similar, especially young ones. You can distinguish a variegated flywheel by the surface of its cap. As it ripens, it becomes covered with deep cracks, through which the red-pink threads of the fruiting body shine through.

Flywheel green

You can also distinguish a green flywheel from a pan mushroom by a hat. Even in young fungi, it has a greenish tint in its color. Old fruits, as in the case of variegated flyworms, have cracks on the surface. Yellow flesh is visible through them.

Satanic mushroom

It is very dangerous to confuse a chestnut flywheel with a satanic mushroom, since the latter is considered poisonous by mycologists. Poisoning is often accompanied by serious consequences.

It should be noted that the similarity between these species is highly questionable. And only a beginner mushroom picker can confuse them:

1. Firstly, the satanic leg is always colored red or bright pink, which is not observed in the representatives of the Polish species.
2. Secondly, on the same leg of the poisonous fruit, there is a mesh pattern.
3. Thirdly, mushrooms differ in the color of the cap (in the Satanic ones, it is light gray or white).

What mushrooms are edible?

Each mushroom family has both edible and inedible mushrooms. Without certain knowledge and experience, using only an atlas for identification, it is very difficult to study the world of mushrooms and determine their edibility.

Information about edible mushroom or conditionally edible mushroom can be very conflicting. In any case, when picking mushrooms, be careful if you do not know the mushroom or you doubt it is better to skip it.

This does not mean at all that you need to refuse to go to the forest for mushrooms. After filling the basket with mushrooms, be sure to consult with experts, locals, look at the atlas, you can even send a photo and description on the Internet, and only being confident you can start cooking.

There is an opinion that in order to understand how to distinguish an edible mushroom from an inedible one, it is necessary to boil it with onions, and if the onions turn black, then the mushroom is inedible. It is not true. Mushroom poisons do not affect the color of the onion at all. Moreover, there are poisons that are completely not digested into liquid, but remain in the mushroom body.

Sometimes poisoning occurs with edible mushrooms. This does not happen out of ignorance of the mushrooms.The fact is that the mushroom, by its nature, tends to accumulate toxins, as well as salts of heavy metals, it is these poisons that lead to severe poisoning. Therefore, giving preference to the place of collection of mushrooms, avoid places contaminated with human waste. Landfills, garbage heaps, which, unfortunately, are increasingly filling the forests, are completely unsuitable for picking mushrooms, although the mushrooms themselves grow there with pleasure.

Description and photo of Polish mushroom

It is very easy to confuse the Polish mushroom with other forest dwellers. Largely because it has a really unusual color palette, as well as its appearance. And yet, an experienced mushroom picker who knows the nuances of searching for mushrooms will certainly understand who appeared before him. There are other names - chestnut moss, pansky mushroom, brown mushroom. From Latin - Imleria badia.

Hat

The cap of the Polish mushroom is really quite large, its diameter can be commensurately up to 12 cm. At the same time, the shape of the cap of this mushroom most often has a convex shape, and looks like a hemisphere. At the same time, its edges are wrapped inward. However, with age, the edges begin to rise, thereby forming a flat surface.

As for the shades of the cap, it has brown tones, somewhat less often red. In fact, the color depends a lot on the growing conditions of the given mushroom.

If you run your hand over the cap of the Polish mushroom, you will notice that it is quite velvety and dry, however, depending on the growth rate, it gradually becomes smooth and even a little slimy.

The Polish mushroom or chestnut mushroom does not like direct sunlight, because of which the surface of the cap's body often cracks.

If the soil is too acidic, the Polish mushroom may have a slightly green tint. When cut, also with proportionate pressure, the mushroom has no poisonous secretions.

Leg

The stem of this mushroom is quite high and can reach 15 cm in height. Its diameter varies from 1 to 4 cm.

Most often, such a mushroom has a cylindrical and rather swollen shape. At the same time, the structure of the leg is currently quite smooth, dense, separates into fibers. However, with age, it becomes empty.

The color is not similar to the color of the cap, most often there are light tones. It can be either yellow or dark brown.

With age, it can turn blue, also has a reddish tint if the soil is acidic.

The habitat of the chestnut flyworm

This fungus prefers acidic soils, which are the most fertile for it. Most often it can be found next to chestnut, beech or oak. However, he also does not avoid spruce forests.

Where does this forest inhabitant grow geographically?

So, it grows where there are predominantly acidic soils. And these are mountainous regions, Western Europe, including Germany, the Czech Republic, as well as the territories of the CIS countries.

Often it can also be found in the suburbs.

It can often be found in the northern temperate zone, as well as in Canada. Do not exclude the appearance of this mushroom on the territory of Western Siberia, as well as in Azerbaijan. Moreover, if you once found it in a given area, it is far from a fact that the next year the mushroom will be waiting for you there.

Depending on the place of growth and the category of soil, this mushroom may differ slightly in its appearance. Therefore, be prepared for this.

Pulp

The pulp of this chestnut flywheel is distinguished by its dense structure, it is very strong. If you expand the clip, you can feel a pleasant modern smell, sometimes even fruity notes are found in it. The mushroom picker tastes sweetish, and also has a light brown tint, which does not change color when interacting with oxygen.

However, after an hour, the pulp proportionately begins to turn blue, and becomes completely brown.

At a young age, the mushroom is quite hard, however, the older it gets, the softer its softness.

Useful properties of Polish mushroom

The Polish mushroom is edible and very tasty, but it is inferior in calorie content to many mushrooms.For example, the calorie content of 100 g of fresh Polish mushroom is 19 kcal, white - 34 kcal, champignons - 27 kcal, boletus - 22 kcal.

Per 100 g of its mass, the Polish mushroom contains:

• 1.7 g protein
• 0.7 g fat
• 1.5 g of carbohydrates.

The main part of the pulp of the fruit bodies of the Polish mushroom consists of chitin, or mycochitin. This substance is also called mushroom "fiber". Chitin differs from the fiber of vegetables and fruits only in the presence of nitrogen atoms in its molecule. In the human body, chitin, like the fiber of vegetables, is not digested, but it has a very beneficial effect on intestinal motility and, accordingly, on the entire process of digestion. In addition, chitin has good sorbing properties: passing through the gastrointestinal tract, its molecules bind various toxins and heavy metal ions, removing them from the body.

The Polish mushroom contains:

• vitamins: B1 - 0.14 mg, B2 - 0.3 mg, B9 - 21.0 mg, B12 - 0.01 mg, C - 3.0 mg, PP - 7.96 mg.
• mineral elements: K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Fe, F, P, Na.
• 22 amino acids (25-28% dry weight). Among them are all the so-called essential amino acids that the human body does not form: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, valine.

Polish mushroom improves memory, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, increases mental activity, renews nerve cells and has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin, hair and nails.

The extracts of the fruit bodies of the Polish mushroom have antioxidant activity due to the presence of the amino acid L-theonine, which is also found in green tea extracts. In addition to L-theonine, these mushrooms contain a whole bunch of other antioxidants. It has been established that 100 g of dry mass of the fruit bodies of the Polish mushroom contains:

• 164.6 mg total polyphenols;
• 19-87 mg total flavonoids;
• 22.1-27.4 mg L-ascorbic acid;
• 0.53-1.03 mg β-carotene;
• 0.33-0.46 mg of lycopene;
• 38.6-44.5 mg of the total amount of tocopherols (vitamin E).

It is interesting to note that the way it is cooked affects the antioxidant properties of the Polish mushroom. For example, blanching before further cooking fruit bodies significantly reduces antioxidant properties compared to stewing raw mushrooms.

Photo by: Erlon Bailey, CC BA-SY 4.0

Water extracts from the fruit bodies of the Polish mushroom contain water-soluble polysaccharides. By exerting an activating effect on the cells of the immune system, they increase the antitumor resistance of the human and animal body.

However, the anticancer properties of water-soluble polysaccharides of the Polish mushroom are now being actively studied and it is too early to talk about their practical application in oncology.

Recipe for cooking fried mushrooms with potatoes and onions

To prepare a delicious dish, you will need the following components:

• 1 kg of mushrooms;
• 500 g potatoes;
• 1 tbsp. l. sunflower oil;
• bulb;
• salt.

Description of preparation step by step:

1. Before frying, it is imperative to boil the mushrooms. You don't need to cook for a long time, they should cook for 15-20 minutes.
2. In a preheated frying pan, you must place the fruits, which are pre-cut into small pieces. But if you wish, you can add them in their entirety.
3. They need to be fried evenly, and for this they should be constantly stirring.
4. At this time, potatoes and onions (in the form of half rings) should be peeled and cut into cubes.
5. When the Polish mushroom is fried, potatoes and onions are added. Products must be fried together until cooked.
6. Salt the dish. If desired, add bay leaves, a couple of black peppercorns.
7. To prevent the roast from burning, the pan is placed in an oven preheated to 150 degrees. There she is left for 15 minutes.

This completes the preparation. The result is a delicious and nutritious dish that everyone will surely enjoy. If desired, you can serve pickled cucumbers and tomatoes with it.

Roast Polish mushrooms with potatoes and onions can also be prepared from dried mushrooms.To do this, they must first be soaked in milk and cooked in accordance with all stages.

Important! During the frying period, the fruit bodies secrete a lot of liquid, therefore, the number of fruits and the heating mode affect the cooking time. Usually frying is 45-60 minutes

Similar species of Polish mushroom

White mushroom

Sometimes not quite experienced mushroom pickers can confuse the Polish mushroom with the white one for their very similar shape and color. However, upon closer examination, you will notice the fact that the leg of the porcini mushroom is in the shape of a barrel and, moreover, has a much lighter color and a characteristic mesh on the leg. A distinctive feature of the Polish mushroom is the flesh that turns blue or turns green when pressed on it, while the porcini mushroom does not have this quality.

Gall mushroom

This species is not edible due to its bitter taste, which becomes even more pronounced during cooking. He does not belong to poisonous mushrooms, but he can very much spoil the taste of the prepared dish. And if the shape of these two types of mushrooms is quite similar, then, in addition to the blue-green color that appears from pressing on the bottom surface of the Polish mushroom cap, it is also very easy to distinguish them by the color of the tubular layer - it is yellow-green in the flywheel, and grayish-pink in gall fungus. Very old specimens of bitterness (also called false porcini mushroom), moreover, smell unpleasant.

Mushrooms from the genus Moss

The highest similarity of the Polish mushroom with its fellows from the species of mossy mushrooms:

• variegated flywheel - it is possible to distinguish them by their yellow-brown cap, which cracks with age and through these cracks the pink or red fabric of the variegated flywheel becomes visible;
• brown flywheel - a dark red, brown or brown cap of this species is about 10 cm in diameter and dry white or light yellow tissue, which is clearly visible through the cracks in the cap. In addition, the light yellow stem of the fungus darkens over time and is covered with a reddish-brown mesh at the top and pink-brown at its base;
• the green flywheel differs from the Polish mushroom in a lighter stem and a golden-brown cap with a greenish tinge with a light yellow fabric inside, which is also quite easy to observe through the cracks in the cap.

What other types of flywheels are there?

The red flywheel is a fairly rare edible tubular mushroom that grows singly or in groups from mid-July to early October. Yields peak in August-September. Places of distribution - roadsides, as well as deciduous and mixed forests.

The cap of the mushroom is convex, but in the process of growth it becomes prostrate, cushion-shaped, with a diameter of about 8 cm. Its surface is smooth, dry, matte, velvety to the touch, red in color of varying intensity. The tubular layer is medium-porous, adherent, first yellow and then greenish.

The leg is rounded, thinner at the base, solid inside, about 8 cm high with a diameter of not more than 1 cm. The surface of the leg is smooth, dry, yellow at the cap, reddish-brown at the base. The pulp is thick, fleshy, soft in the cap, tough in the stem, with a pronounced mushroom smell and taste. On contact with air, the light pink color of the flesh quickly changes to blue.

The red flywheel belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms. It is eaten boiled, fried, pickled and salted.

Blackening flywheel (Blackening Boletus) Xerocomus pulverulentus (Opat.) J.E. Gilbert (Syn. Boletus pulverulentus Opat.) In the Sakhalin region is distributed on the island of Kunashir. In Russia, it is also known in the Far East (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories and Kamchatka Region), in the European part, in the Caucasus. Outside the Russian Federation - in Europe (Lithuania, Ukraine, Greece).

Biology and Ecology. The cap is 4 - 8 cm in diameter, cushion-shaped, then becomes almost flat, often with a lobed edge, tomentose, pinkish in young fruiting bodies, in mature ones - chestnut-brown, umber. The tubules are yellow. The pulp is yellow, turns blue on the cut and then turns black.The leg is 4.7 x 0.5-1.5 cm, cylindrical, straight or curved, velvety or dotted, bright yellow, sometimes purple or purple-brown in the lower third, intensely blue and black from pressure.

Limiting factors. Deforestation, fires, stripping and trampling of forest floor.

Goat flywheel mushroom in the photo

Fractured flywheel mushroom in the photo

Flywheel Boletus prunatus in the photo