Fractured fiber

The poisonousness of the earthen fiber

Earthen fiber is a deadly poisonous fungus, it is especially dangerous. These mushrooms contain muscarine. The concentration of muscarine in the fiber is an order of magnitude higher than in the deadly poisonous white toadstools.

In addition, there is a strong alkaloid in the earthen fibers - psilobicin, which is characteristic of some species of poisonous fly agaric. And in terms of the concentration of muscarine, the fiber is also ahead of the fly agaric.

Characteristic signs of poisoning with earthen fiber

Signs of poisoning appear within the first hour after eating fiber. A person has severe abdominal pains, incessant vomiting, diarrhea, fever opens. If you immediately hospitalize and provide immediate medical assistance, then on the second day the victim's condition improves.

Similar species

Earthen fiber subspecies white can be confused with pure mycena. Earthen fiber has no similarity with edible or conditionally edible species. Due to the smell, color of the cap, straight stem without thickening, it can be determined that this is a poisonous mushroom, in addition, very dangerous, which poses a threat not only to health, but also to human life.

Description of the fiberglass patuillard

The hat is usually reddish in color. Its diameter is 3-9 centimeters. The shape of the cap is at first bell-cone-shaped, but later it straightens out, while a protruding tubercle remains in the center. The cap is covered with a smooth skin that appears to be very dry. The edges of the cap have deep radial cracks.

The pedunculus stem is the same color as the cap or is slightly lighter in color. Its length is 4-10 centimeters, and its diameter is 0.8-1.5 centimeters. The stem is cylindrical, strong, dense, fibrous, slightly thickened at the base. There are grooves along the entire length of the leg.

The pulp is white, its taste is peppery, and there is practically no smell. If damaged, the flesh turns red, especially for older specimens. The plates are located very often, they are not wide. The color of the plates is pink at first, and later brown with red spots. On the edges of the plate are white with fluff. Spore powder of ocher-brown color or brown. The shape of the spores is bean-shaped or oval, the surface is smooth, the color is brown.

Variability of the fibula patuillard

The color of the cap varies from white to ocher and gray, and in mature mushrooms it can be brick red. If you press on the leg, it turns red. The color of the plates is reddish at first, and then becomes olive brown or rusty brown. The pulp often turns pink.

Distribution and seasonality of patuillard fiber

This type of fiber grows in forests of various types, in gardens, parks. These fungi settle mainly on clay and calcareous soils. They enter into mutually beneficial alliances with beeches and linden trees.

Patouillard fibrils grow in small groups or singly. They mainly choose mountainous and hilly areas. These mushrooms are distributed locally in Europe and certain regions of Asia. They are often found in the European part of Russia, as well as in the Caucasus. They bear fruit from August to September.

Similar species

The May row is outwardly similar to the patuyard fiber, but it differs in that its pulp does not have a red tint, but it smells like flour.

The Godet fiber also looks like a patuillard fiber, but its size is smaller, the base of the leg is swollen, and the flesh does not have a reddish tone. Beginners may confuse the fiber patuyard with some mushrooms.

The toxicity of the fibrous patuillard

• Diarrhea;
• Vomit;
• A sharp drop in blood pressure;
• Tachycardia;
• Difficulty breathing
• Redder than the skin;
• Constriction of the pupils;
• Severe chills.

The victim is given salted water, atropine and glucose. Seeking medical attention is compulsory.

Related species

Bulb fiber is a poisonous mushroom with an umber-brown conical cap, which then becomes flat-spread. Its diameter is 30-60 millimeters. The surface of the cap is bare, but later radial cracks appear on it. The leg is cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the top, up to 80 millimeters high and up to 8 millimeters thick. One-color leg with a cap. The pulp has an unpleasant taste and smell.

Fruiting onion from August to October. These mushrooms grow in deciduous forests. They meet in small groups or singly. They are found under birches, in damp places.

The fiber is similar - a poisonous mushroom. His hat is small - 1-4 centimeters in diameter. Its shape changes from conical to broadly convex. The texture of the cap is fibrous. Its surface is covered with brown or brown-black scales. The flesh is whitish or yellowish in color with an unpleasant odor. The height of the leg reaches 6 centimeters, and the thickness is up to 0.6 centimeters. There is a mealy bloom in the upper part of the leg.

Similar fiber is often found in Europe, North America and Asia. These mushrooms grow singly or in small groups. They settle in mixed and coniferous forests.

Fiber is a poisonous mushroom of the spiderweb family. This mushroom acquired this name because of the fibrous stem. In terms of its toxicity, the fibula exceeds the fly agaric: some of its species contain 20 times more muscarine than the red fly agaric.

These mushrooms, especially when young, are very similar to edible mushrooms. The danger of these mushrooms is compounded by the fact that they grow in the same places as edible mushrooms (champignons, ringed caps). Inexperienced mushroom pickers can also confuse fiberglass with entolomes or the May mushroom (May mushroom).

Types of fiberglass

Fiber is a very common genus of poisonous and hallucinogenic mushrooms. This genus includes about 150 species, of which more than a hundred grows on the territory of Russia. The most common types of it are: Patuyara, torn, earthen, fibrous and bluish-green.

Fiber Patuillard

These are the most poisonous mushrooms of the fibrous genus. They have caps 3-9 cm in diameter. Its shape differs in mushrooms of varying degrees of maturity: in young mushrooms it is conical, in ripe ones it is flat with a tubercle in the center. The reddish cap is smooth, with deep radial cracks along its edge. The plates on the back of the cap are very dense, pink in young specimens, brown in mature specimens with red spots. Spore powder is bright orange in color.

The peduncle of the Patuillard fiber is cylindrical, dense, fibrous, thickened at the base.

The pulp of young mushrooms is white; as it ripens, it turns red. The pulp has no smell, the taste is peppery. It contains a huge amount of poisonous muscarine.

These mushrooms grow in small groups in forests, parks, gardens with clay and limestone soils. Fruiting in August-September.

Torn fiber

This species is distinguished by its small size: their bell-shaped cap has a diameter of 2 to 5 cm. The top of the cap is covered with small scales, painted in different shades of brown, along the edges there is a flaky fringe. On the underside of the cap there are brown-colored plates with a white edge. Spore powder is rusty.

The stem is straight, brown, covered with reddish scales.

The flesh of the cap is white and the flesh of the leg is red. The smell of the pulp is weak, and the taste is first sweet, then bitter. The use of these mushrooms is strictly prohibited, as they are deadly poisonous.

They grow everywhere in damp forests. Fruiting in July-September.

Earthen fiber

These are small poisonous mushrooms. The cap of this type of fiber has a diameter of 2-3 cm, hemispherical, along the edges you can see the remnants of a private veil in the form of a thin cobweb.The surface of the cap is white and has a slight purple tint. The plates on the back of the cap are loose, yellowish.

The stem of the mushroom is thin, silky, brown or brown in color. The pulp has an unpleasant odor. It contains a lot of the neurotoxic poison muscarine.

They grow singly or in small groups, in forests, parks, gardens, hiding in bushes or tall grass. Ripen in July-September.

Fiber fiber

These poisonous mushrooms are medium in size - the diameter of the cap is 6-8 cm. The cap has a conical shape with a wavy edge, dirty yellow or brown in color. Its surface is covered with radial cracks. On the underside of the cap there are white or brown plates with jagged edges.

The pulp is elastic, white-yellow on the cap and brown on the stem. The pulp contains the neurotoxic poison muscarine and the psychotropic substance psilocybin.

The leg is brown, about 10 cm high, covered with fibers. It is thickened at the base and forms a tuber in the ground.

They grow in coniferous and deciduous forests, in meadows with rare herbaceous vegetation. There are only single specimens.

Fiber bluish green

Mushroom caps of this species do not exceed 4-5 cm in diameter. The surface of the caps is silky, smooth, rusty with a green tint. In young ones, they are conical, flatten during maturation, but a tubercle remains in the center. On the edge of the caps of mature individuals, they crack. On the underside there are gray-brown plates.

The pulp is white, in the lower part of the leg - a green-blue hue, which gave the name to this species. The mushroom smells like toilet soap. It contains many different psychotropic (hallucinogenic) substances, the main of which is psilocybin.

Legs are even, thickened at the base, without earthen tuber, covered in the upper part with a mealy bloom and fibers.

They grow everywhere on soils with a lot of sand, form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees. Often found in parks. Fruiting from June to October.

The bluish-green fiber is a conditionally inedible fungus. Fungi of this species do not cause poisoning similar to poisoning with other types of fiber, however, when they are used, auditory and visual hallucinations, a state of euphoria occur.

The fiber is sharp, what it looks like, where it grows, edibility, how to distinguish it, photo

Sharp fiber: description and photo

Sharp fiber belongs to the Fiber family, genus Fiber. This mushroom is often confused with a row of sulfur or honey agarics, it is also called a ragged or torn fiber. Consuming this specimen for food at random can cause a lot of trouble for a person, because it is considered a poisonous hallucinogenic mushroom.

How does fiberglass look sharp

Analyzing the variety has the following characteristics:

1. The cap of a young specimen is bell-shaped, with some period becoming flat-convex with a sharp tubercle in the very center. Its size can vary from 2 to 8 cm in diameter. Basically, the edges are torn, in fact, which is why it has found a suitable second name. With age, it completely cracks. The surface is silky-fibrous brown with a darkened tubercle in the middle.
2. Under the cap there are permanent, wide and free from the stem of the plate. At a young age, they are light gray or yellowish, after which they gradually acquire a more saturated dark brown hue.
3. The pulp of the fiber is of a sharp yellow-pale or white color; when cut, it does not change its own color. It has an unpleasant taste and aroma.
4. The leg is in the form of a cylinder with a slightly widened base, the length of which is 2-4 cm, and the thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm. The upper part is light with a powdery bloom, and below it acquires a reddish-brown tint. At the very base, it is slightly expanded.
5. Spores are smooth, angular in shape. The spore powder has a brown-tobacco color.

Where does acute fiber grow

Sharp fiber is popular in Eastern Siberia and Europe. It is found in deciduous and coniferous forests among sphagnum mosses, in swamps, and can also hide in the grass along the roads. The ideal time for development is considered to be the period from late June to October.

Is it possible to have acute fiber

This mushroom is classified as inedible. It is listed as dangerous in certain reference books. Eating can cause a hallucinogenic state similar to drunkenness. In most cases, it is addictive, because this component has a narcotic effect on the body. Sharp fiber has no culinary value, therefore it is not harvested. It must also be said that heat treatment is not capable of destroying the toxic substances that are in the mushroom.

Similar species

Basically, in the wilderness, there is a large number of very different mushrooms, which, in terms of specific features, are similar to spicy fiber. Professionals identify the following doubles:

The row is gray - it has a cone-shaped pointed cap with cracks on the surface, similar to the species in question. However, the leg of the first is much larger, and besides, it exudes a pleasant mealy smell. considered edible.

Honey mushrooms - these small mushrooms are very similar in shape and color palette to spicy fiber. The main difference between the first option and the second is the ring on the leg. Moreover, mushrooms always grow in large groups. They belong to edible mushrooms.

Garlic bristle-peg is an inedible mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles a sharp fiber, but in the first, the fruit body is much smaller in size, the cap can reach no more than 1 cm in diameter.

Poisoning symptoms

In the first 30 minutes after consuming fiberglass, an acute person may feel the following initial signs of poisoning:

• severe abdominal pain;
• diarrhea;
• very high sweating, salivation;
• vomit;
• cardiopalmus;
• breathing disorder.

Having reached the highest level, all signs begin to decrease gradually and must completely disappear within 24 hours. In case of severe poisoning with this element, there is a risk of cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, which in the future can lead to death.

First aid for poisoning

Of course, you can hardly do without medical care here, however, pre-medical measures need to be carried out on your own. The main goal is to remove the poison from the body and reduce the concentration in the blood. To do this, the victim should take adsorbents and wash the stomach with a significant volume of water.

Conclusion

Sharp fiber is an unsafe mushroom, consumption for food can cause a lot of trouble for a person. If you get into the middle, the victim should be given first aid, and then urgently hospitalized for the necessary treatment. To avoid unpleasant circumstances, the mushroom picker needs to be very careful about choosing the gifts of the forest, to study the distinctive features of each specimen in much more detail.

False doubles

The danger of inocyba lies in its similarity with other species that do not contain toxins. It is useful for the mushroom picker to study the photo of the Patouillard fiber and similar specimens in order to better understand what the differences are.

Edible mushrooms with which this species can be confused:

• Ryadovka May or May mushroom - the main differences are the absence of red in the color of the cap and a pronounced flour smell;
• russula - not very similar to a poisonous species, but novice mushroom pickers can still make a mistake. The russula, unlike the fiber, has the usual mushroom smell, the flesh does not turn red in the places of pressure and there is no tubercle in the center of the cap;
• Royal champignon is a delicious edible mushroom that is somewhat similar to the poisonous inocyba. However, its color does not have a red tint, the fruit does not turn red when pressed, and the plates on the inside of the cap are beige.

The toxic counterpart is the less poisonous mushroom Fibers Gode, which differs only in its smaller size and a leg that is swollen at the bottom. Red tints are also present in the coloration.

The photographs show exactly how the Patuillard fiber differs with similar appearance. Even a beginner will be able to determine the characteristics of mushrooms.

Edible Fiber spicy

Since the pulp of the mushroom contains a large amount of muscarine poison, it should not be eaten, as it causes severe intoxication and has hallucinogenic properties. The action of the toxin in the blood negatively affects the central nervous system and causes hallucinations. Repeated use of the mushroom sometimes leads to drug addiction.

The following signs indicate that the body is poisoned with muscarine:

• I want to sleep all the time.
• Pupils constrict.
• Unreasonable laughter appears.
• Blood pressure drops sharply.
• There is a feeling of alcoholic intoxication, followed by severe fatigue and drowsiness.

If a poisoned person does not go to the hospital, in the future he may want to commit suicide, fall into an even more severe hallucinogenic state, or stop understanding where he is and what time of day it is.

In addition to the nervous system, the muscarine contained in the fibers disrupts the functioning of the stomach and intestines, leading to nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.