Winter polypore

Doubles and their differences

Pit tinder fungus has external similarities with the following gifts of the forest:

1. Tinder fungus is an inedible specimen. It is similar to the fungus under consideration by small fruiting bodies. So, the size of the double's cap is no more than 5 cm in diameter. However, you can distinguish a changeable tinder fungus from a pitted one by the smooth surface of the cap and the leg of a darker color.
2. Cellular polypore - refers to inedible mushrooms. The fruit body has a fan-shaped, oval or semicircular shape. A distinctive feature is a barely noticeable leg, since its length is no more than 1 cm.
3. Winter tinder fungus is inedible. As a rule, the fruit body of the twin is slightly larger. In addition, the color of the fruit is much darker.

Healing properties of bordered tinder fungus

Bordered polypore has medicinal properties. In folk medicine in many countries, this mushroom is used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, tonic.

Like many other tinder fungi, the pine sponge is used for medicinal purposes mainly in Asia. By the way, the Japanese use the bordered tinder fungus as an anti-cancer agent!

Infusions and decoctions of this tinder fungus are used in Asian countries as an anti-inflammatory agent for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

Modern research has shown that some substances of the bordered tinder fungus really help to strengthen the immune system, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and suppress neoplasms.

So it makes sense to collect fruiting bodies and dry them. When ground, this mushroom can be brewed and drunk like tea.

This drink has a tonic effect, helps prevent cancer and gastrointestinal diseases.

Let's remember that in a similar way we use the famous chaga mushroom. This is also a tinder fungus, however, from a completely different family. And it is not fruiting bodies that are used in chaga, but outgrowths of mycelium, protruding beyond the boundaries of the affected tree.

Bordered polypore has undoubted medicinal properties. It can be quite useful regardless of the funny attempts of the Internet authors to pass this mushroom off as another.

Description of tiger saw-leaves

In young specimens, the cap is convex, but later it becomes funnel-shaped, with the thin edge tucking downward. Its maximum diameter does not exceed 10 centimeters.

The surface of the cap is always dry. The upper part is off-white with concentrically arranged scales of a dark brown color.

In the lower part of the cap there are descending narrow plates. The edges of the plates are serrated. The color of the plates is off-white or cream. The flesh of the sawfoot is tiger white. At the break, it becomes light red. The pulp is dense to the touch, and when it gets old, it becomes tough. She has a pleasant mushroom smell.

The leg of the tiger saw-leaf is short and slender. The surface of the leg, like the cap, is covered with small scales. The color of the leg is off-white, and at the base its color is noticeably darker. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, it is often curved.

Areas of growth of tiger saw-leaves

This is a saprophyte mushroom that destroys dead wood. That is, it is a wood-destroying mushroom. Saw-leaves do not inhabit healthy trees. They appear on deciduous trees.

Tiger saw-leaves can be seen in our forests almost every season. Most often, this type of mushroom grows in dense deadwood and on stumps. They mainly live on dead poplars and willows. Tiger sawwoods prefer damp and shaded places near swamps and lakes.

The first saw-leaves appear in May, and the last crop is harvested in November. The peak of fruiting is observed from July to September, at this time tiger saw-leaves are found in numerous groups.

Growing tinder fungus at home

Polypores are grown on a substrate that consists of a mixture of sawdust, shavings, bark of small branches. Such a substrate is poured with boiling water, left to cool to room temperature, after which it is squeezed out, mixed with the mycelium of the fungus and placed in plastic bags. The bags are cut and left in a room with 80% humidity, natural light and an air temperature of + 20 ° C. The first harvest appears after 30-40 days.

Also, hemp and wooden blocks serve as a substrate for growing tinder fungus. It is pre-soaked in water. After that, cuts are made with a saw or a drill, into which the mycelium is laid. Bars with mycelium are left in a shady place, sprinkled with leaves. During the dry season, they are watered. The crop appears 4 months after planting.

Winter polyporus (Polyporus brumalis)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the species epithet

Brūmālis, e, winter. From brūma, ae f 1) the period of the shortest days of the year, the winter solstice; 2) winter time, winter cold, cold + -ālis, e, attitude.

Synonyms

• Boletus brumalis Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 107 (1794)
• Polyporellus brumalis (Pers.) P. Karst. Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5:37 (1879)
• Leucoporus brumalis (Pers.) Speg., Boln Soc. Cienc. Córdoba 28: 367 (1926)
• Lentinus brumalis (Pers.) Zmitr., International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (Redding) 12 (1): 88 (2010)
• Polyporus substriatus Rostk., In Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 4:21 (1838)
• Polyporus nanus F. Brig., Atti R. Ist. Incoragg. Sci. nat. Napoli 6: 151 (1840)
• Polyporus rubripes Rostk., In Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) (27-28): 31 (1848)
• Polyporus trachypus Rostk., In Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) (27-28): 27 (1848)
• Polyporus cyathoides Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 270 (1872)
• Polyporus luridus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Grevillea 1 (no. 3): 37 (1873)
• Polyporus pauperculus Speg., Boln Acad. nac. Cienc. Córdoba 11 (4): 435 (1889)
• Polyporus tucumanensis Speg. Anal. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires 6: 162 (1898)
• Polyporus subarcularius (Donk) Bondartsev, Trut. Grib Evrop. Chasti SSSR Kavkaza (Moscow-Leningrad): 470 (1953)

Other names: Winter polypore.

Habit

Fruit body: Cap and stem (agaricoid)

Hymenophore: Tubular, porous

Fruit bodies are annual, with a central stalk, thin, fleshy-leathery, later hardening.

Hat

Cap (1) 1.5 - 5 (6) cm in diameter, up to 0.5 cm thick, convex, rounded, slightly depressed in the center. The surface of the cap is covered with bundles of short conical hairs, as a result of which it looks granular or clumpy, then naked, more or less rough, sometimes with indistinct appressed scales, brownish or bistral, often with a reddish or even yellowish tint. The edge is sharp, fringed, sometimes with noticeable short hairs, naked in old age.

The tubules are short, up to 1 - 2 mm long, sometimes descending, almost pale ocher with a whitish powdery bloom. The pores are rounded or radially elongated, 0.3 - 1 × 0.2 - 0.6 mm, on average 3 (4) per 1 mm.

Leg

Leg 1.5 - 3 (4) cm long, 2 - 5 mm in diameter, often bulbous at the bottom, brown or bistral, less often lighter, with a gray or ocher tinge, scaly-tomentose, especially in the lower part, naked in old age.

Pulp

The pulp is white, cork, up to 3 mm thick.

Microscopy

The hyphae system is dimitic.

Generative hyphae are thin-walled, septate, with sparse buckles, sinuous and branching, in the tissue the caps are 2 - 6.5 (9) µm in diameter, in the tubules 1.5–4.5 µm in diameter, more densely woven than in the tissue.

The connecting hyphae are thick-walled, hyaline, non-septic, on average 4 - 10 µm in diameter, with thickenings up to 13 µm in diameter, densely branching, with thinner branches.

Basidia are clavate, 4-spore, 12 - 30 × 4.5 - 6 μm.

Spores are short-cylindrical, sometimes somewhat fusiform, flat or slightly bent on one side, weakly pointed at the base, often with 2 droplets at the poles, 5 - 7 × (1.5) 2 - 3 µm. There are hyphae pegs.

Ecology and distribution

On stumps and dead branches of various deciduous species (Ainus, Betula, Castanea, Cerasus, Corylus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Quercus, Salix, etc.), occasionally on conifers (Juniperus, Picea, Pinus).

Types of sawfoot mushroom

Tiger saw-leaf (Lentinus tigrinus)

Conditionally edible mushroom.

The hat is 4-8 cm in diameter. Its surface is dry, dense, leathery. The color of the cap is white, whitish, with a yellow, creamy or nutty tint. On top of the cap there are concentric brown, almost black fibrous bristly scales, which are darker and densely located in its center. The shape of the cap in young mushrooms is convex, the edge is tucked down, later it becomes depressed in the center, or acquires a funnel-shaped shape, the edge is thin, uneven, and bursting. The leg is 3-8 cm high, about 1.5 cm wide, central. The structure of the leg is dense, rigid. The shape is cylindrical, narrows towards the base and stretches out in a tapered manner, even or curved. Sometimes a ring-shaped "belt" is located on the leg. At the plates, the leg is white, below the "girdle" it is dark, brownish, brownish.The surface of the peduncle is covered with small concentric, brown, sparse scales. The pulp is tough, thin, dense, leathery. The color of the flesh is white, sometimes it acquires a yellow tint with age. The smell and taste are not pronounced, but may depend on which tree stump the mushroom is growing on. Sometimes there is a "pungent" smell.

The mushroom is found throughout the northern hemisphere, in Europe and Asia, as well as in the Urals and the Far East. Usually inhabits forest belts, parks, along roadsides, as well as in places of mass felling of poplars. Sometimes it grows in cities.

The fruiting season for this species is summer-autumn, the mushroom appears en masse from late July to September. In the southern area, distribution is observed already in April. It grows in large intergrowths and groups on deadwood, stumps and trunks of deciduous trees (oak, poplar, willow, fruit trees).

Scaly saw-leaf (Lentinus lepideus)

Young mushrooms are classified as edible, as long as their pulp remains soft enough, mature mushrooms are not eaten.

The diameter of the mushroom cap is 3-12 cm. In young mushrooms, the cap is convex; as the fungus grows, it flattens and becomes funnel-shaped. The surface is dry, yellow, light brown or grayish white, covered with small brownish or brownish scales. Leg up to 6 cm in height, about 1-2.5 cm in thickness. Central, cylindrical, tapers downward, or becomes tapered elongated. The color of the leg is light, whitish, the surface is covered with scales of a red or reddish-brown color. The pulp is elastic, rigid structure with a pleasant mushroom aroma; in mature mature mushrooms, it is woody.

The fungus grows in the northern hemisphere, on the stumps of conifers, on fallen trees, sometimes it is found on telegraph poles and railway sleepers. Grows both singly and in small groups. The fruiting season lasts from early June to late September. Fruit bodies germinate slowly.

Poisonous and inedible species of sawfoot mushroom

Goblet saw-leaf (Lentinus cyathiformis)

Inedible mushroom due to the very high elasticity of the pulp.

The cap is funnel-shaped, up to 25 cm in diameter, reddish-beige in color, the surface is covered with irregular, weakly expressed concentric zones. In mature mushrooms, the cap fades to whitish, a dark spot remains in the center. The shape of the cap is hemispherical at first, gradually it opens and becomes funnel-shaped, the edge is uneven. The surface is dry, slightly fleecy. The pulp is white, elastic, has a pleasant smell that resembles the smell of fruit. The leg is short and thick, 3-8 cm high, 1-3 cm thick, tapers towards the base, the structure is rigid, the surface of the leg is almost completely covered with plates, blackish at the base.

The goblet saw-leaf grows on decaying deciduous trees (sometimes it also parasitizes living trees, causing white rot). It is a southern mushroom that is rarely found in the northern temperate latitudes. The fruit body grows for a long time.

Poisonous similar species of mushrooms for sawleafs are unknown. Due to their characteristic appearance, these mushrooms are not confused with poisonous species.

Tinder fungus pit

Pit polyporus

This small tinder fungus appears on hardwood in the spring and is often found by morel hunters. Sometimes it can grow on coniferous trees. It is rather small, with a central peduncle and whitish angular pores. The most distinctive feature of Polyporus arcularius can be called its exquisitely colored, finely hairy ("ciliated") cap on the edge. The cap color ranges from dark brown to light brown.

Polyporus arcularius is likely to be assigned to a different genus in the not too distant future. Microscopic examination carried out in 2008 showed that this species, along with Polyporus brumalis (Winter tinder fungus), is much closer to the Lentinus species - Saw leaves (which have plates!) And Daedaleopsis confragosa (Polyporus lumpy) than with other species Polyporus.

Description

Ecology: Saprophyte on hardwood, especially oak, causes white rot. Grows alone or in small groups. Sometimes it grows from the remains of wood buried in the ground, and then it seems that it is growing from the ground. Appear in spring, there is information that occurs before the end of summer.

Hat: 1-4 cm, in very exceptional cases - up to 8 cm. Convex in youth, then flat or slightly depressed. Dry. Dull brown. Covered with small concentric scales and hairs of brown or golden brown color. The edge of the cap is decorated with tiny, but well-visible, protruding hairs.

Hymenophore: porous, descending, whitish in young mushrooms, then brownish. Does not separate from the flesh of the cap. Pores 0.5-2 mm in diameter, hexagonal or angular, arranged radially.

Leg: central or slightly off-center; 2-4 (up to 6) cm long and 2-4 mm wide. Smooth, dry. Brown to yellowish brown in color. Covered with small scales and hairs. Rigid, pronounced longitudinally fibrous.

Flesh: White or creamy, thin, tough or leathery, does not change color if damaged.

Smell: slight mushroom or indistinguishable.

Taste: no particular taste.

Spore powder: Creamy white.

Microscopic characteristics: spores 5-8.5 * 1.5-2.5 microns, cylindrical, smooth, colorless. Basidia 27-35 µm long; 2-4 spore. Hymenal cystidia are absent.

Edibility

The information is contradictory. One thing can be said with a great deal of certainty: the mushroom is not poisonous. European tradition classifies it as an inedible mushroom, although, like many other polypores, it is quite edible at a young age, until the flesh becomes too tough. Another thing is that his leg is almost always rigid, and in the cap the layer of pulp is catastrophically thin, about one millimeter, and there is nothing special to eat there. Tinder fungus is on edible mushroom lists in countries such as Hong Kong, Nepal, Papua New Guinea and Peru.

Similar species

Cellular tinderpop (Polyporus alveolaris), also a fairly early mushroom, has been growing since April, has a similar color and a very similar hymenophore, however, it should be noted that the honeycomb tinder fungus practically lacks a leg. Polyporus varius in variation with a centrally located pedicle may be similar to Polyporus pitted, however, the polyporus varius usually has a black stem and a smooth surface of the cap

Tuberous tinder fungus (Polyporus tuberaster) is much larger. Winter polypore (Polyporus brumalis) is also slightly larger, with a darker color of the cap, often with a pronounced concentric pattern of alternating darker and light brown zones.

Mushroom photo Tinder fungus pit from questions in recognition:

Edible tinder fungus

A common edible species is the sulfur-yellow tinder fungus. This mushroom is edible only when young, it is boiled for 30-45 minutes or fried. The sulfur-yellow tinder fungus has a pleasant mushroom smell and sour taste. It is also used in salads, salted and pickled. Mushroom stuffing based on this type is used as a filling for pies, egg casseroles. In addition, this mushroom keeps well frozen for a long time.

In Germany and North America, sulfur-yellow tinder fungus dishes are delicious. In these regions, the mushroom is known as "wood chicken" or "mushroom chicken". As a substitute for chicken meat, it is used in vegetarian cuisine.

External description

The fruiting bodies of the bristly-haired tinder fungus are caps, annuals, grow mainly singly, sometimes they are arranged in a tiled pattern, 2-3 caps at a time. Moreover, the fruiting bodies grow together widely with the surface of the substrate. The cap of the bristly-haired tinder fungus is 10 * 16 * 8 cm in size.the upper part of the caps of young mushrooms is characterized by a reddish-orange color; as it ripens, it becomes red-brown and even dark brown, almost black. Its surface is velvety, covered with fine hairs. The color of the edges of the cap is uniform with the color of the entire fruiting body.

The flesh of the bristly-haired tinder fungus is brown, but lighter near the surface along the edges of the cap. It has no zones of various colors, and the structure can be characterized as radially fibrous. On contact with some chemical components, it can change its color to black.

In immature mushrooms, the pores in the hymenophore are characterized by a yellowish-brown tint, have an irregular shape. Gradually, their color changes to a rusty brown. There are 2-3 spores per 1 mm of the area. The hymenophore is of a tubular type, and the tubules in its composition have a length of 0.5-4 cm, and an ocher-rusty color. The spores of the described type of fungi have an almost spherical shape, can be broadly elliptical. Their surface is often smooth. Basidia consist of four spores, have a broad-headed shape. Bristly-haired polypore (Inonotus hispidus) has a monomytic hyphal system.

Tinder fungus (Polyporus pit, Lentinus arcularius) what it looks like, where and how it grows, edible

Polyporus pit (Polyporus pit): photo and description, use

Polyporous polypore, aka polyporus pit, is considered a representative of the Polyporovye family, the genus Sawfoot. In addition to these names, it has others: polyporus or casket-shaped tinder fungus, decorated polyporus, vase-like tinder fungus, vaulted tinder fungus.

Description of pitted tinder fungus

The mushroom has no pronounced taste

This specimen is a small fruiting body in the form of a cap and a leg. The characteristic feature is that the surface is covered with very small hairs and scales. Spore powder of cream color.

The spores are cylindrical, smooth. The flesh is white or cream colored, thin and rather tough. When ripe, the color does not change. It emits a faint mushroom smell. Separate reference books indicate that the aroma is not pronounced.

Description of the hat

there are no toxic twins in the pit tinder fungus

The size of the cap can vary from 1 to 4 cm, not often up to 8 cm. Covered with paint in shades of brown. At the initial stage of development, it is convex, after which it acquires a flat shape or slightly depressed. The surface is dry, covered with very small scales and hairs of a golden brown tone. The hymenophore is descending, porous, white at a young age, after which it gradually turns brown. The pores are radial, angular or hexagonal, with fine finely toothed edges, no more than 2 mm across.

Leg description

The leg can be positioned centrally or slightly shifted

Polyporus casket has an ideal, dry stem up to 6 cm long and up to 4 mm wide. The color may be the same as the hat or slightly different. In the most different cases, its color can vary from yellow to brown. The surface is covered with very small hairs and scales.

Where and how it grows

Pit polyporus is considered a very common variation that can be found literally in every corner of the world. It grows only on hardwoods, causing white rot.Active fruiting occurs in spring and summer. Occurs both one at a time and in groups.

Eat a mushroom or not

The mushroom belongs to the category of conditionally edible mushrooms. Some sources attribute this species to inedible because of its especially thin cap and stiff legs in adulthood. However, the opinions of experts agree that this specimen does not contain toxic substances. The species in question is known to be edible in Hong Kong, Nepal, New Guinea and Peru.

Doubles and their differences

Pit tinder fungus has similarities in appearance with such gifts of the forest:

1. The changeable tinder fungus is an inedible specimen. It is similar to the fungus in question with very small fruiting bodies. So, the size of the double's hat is no more than five centimeters in diameter. However, you can distinguish the changeable tinder fungus from the pitted one by the flat surface of the cap and the leg of a darker color.
2. Cellular polypore - refers to inedible mushrooms. The fruit body has a fan-shaped, oval or semicircular shape. A barely perceptible leg is considered a characteristic feature, because its length is no more than 1 cm.
3. Winter tinder fungus is inedible. Basically, the fruit body of the twin is slightly larger. Also, the color of the fruit is darker.

Using the pit tinder fungus

As everyone knows, many tinder fungi are used in homeopathy and for the production of dietary supplements. This number includes this kind of mushroom.

Conclusion

Tinder fungus is a small mushroom that can be found on trees in deciduous or mixed forests. As for edibility, this question is rather ambiguous: some reference books attribute to it the category of conditionally edible mushrooms, others - inedible. However, judging by the smaller size of the fruit bodies and the unexpressed taste, it should be considered that this species has no nutritional value.

Description of tinder fungus may

A young mushroom has a rounded cap with a downward-curved edge; later, its hat becomes open. And its diameter is 5-12 centimeters. The color of the cap at the initial stage of growth is grayish-brown; in mature mushrooms, the caps fade to a dirty cream color. The top is smooth and thin.

The pulp is firm, white, and later becomes creamy. It emits a pleasant mushroom aroma. In dry weather, the pulp becomes hard, leathery. The tubes descend along the leg, they are white. The pores on the tubes are very small, which is the main distinguishing feature of this species of polypores. Spore powder is white.

The leg of the May tinder fungus is cylindrical, it is located in the center of the cap. Its height reaches 9 centimeters, and its thickness is no more than 1 centimeter. The leg is dense in structure. Its shape is sometimes curved. The color of the leg is gray or brown. The surface of the leg is soft, velvety. The lower part of the leg is covered with medium-sized blackish scales.

Places of growth of May tinder fungi

These mushrooms bear fruit from May to August. They are massively found mainly in the spring, for which they got their name. They grow on rotting wood. May tinder fungus prefer sunny meadows. These mushrooms can be found in gardens and forests. They grow in small groups or singly.

The variability of the May tinder fungus

These mushrooms can be very diverse. In spring they are very attractive and look delicious, so you want to taste them. But mature specimens lose their beautiful appearance and become dry.

The similarity of May tinder fungi with other mushrooms

In May, there are not so many cap mushrooms, so at this time the May tinder fungi have no competitors. And at other times they can be confused with winter tinder fungi, but the latter are brown in color. It is easy to identify the May tinder fungus due to its small pores, which are the main distinguishing feature.

Evaluation of the edibility of May tinder fungus

May tinder fungi have no nutritional value, but some sources describe that these mushrooms taste similar to oyster mushrooms. It is worth saying that such an assessment for the May tinder fungus is quite flattering. These mushrooms are inedible.

Kindred of the May tinder fungus

Tuberous polypore is a conditionally edible species. His hat is rounded, somewhat depressed in the center, 5-15 centimeters in diameter, and under favorable conditions it can reach even larger sizes - 20 centimeters. The color of the cap is reddish-yellow. The surface of the cap is covered with small pressed scales, which are most densely located in the center. The pulp is rubbery with a pleasant taste. The color of the leg is reddish-brown, its length is 7-10 centimeters.

Tuberous polypores settle on the remains of deciduous wood. They bear fruit from June to mid-September.

Cellular tinder fungus is an edible member of the family. The cap of the cellular tinder fungus of various shapes is semicircular, round or oval. Its color is ocher-yellow, red-yellow or orange. Its diameter is 2-8 centimeters. The stem of the honeycomb tinder fungus is very short; some fruiting bodies do not have it at all, but, as a rule, its height does not exceed 10 millimeters. It is located most often on the side, but sometimes it can be in the center. The color of the leg is white.

Cellular tinder fungi settle on dead wood. Fruiting occurs in April-August. These mushrooms are found mainly in small groups, sometimes singly. Although the flesh of the honeycomb tinder fungus is tough, it is edible.

Medicinal properties and contraindications in traditional medicine

Tinder fungus sulfur-yellow contains many bioactive substances - amino acids, glycosides, steroids, which are used to create drugs:

• an anti-thrombotic drug based on lecithin, which has a hemolytic effect;
• an aqueous extract of fresh mushrooms to inhibit the growth of sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich's carcinoma;
• methanol extract of mycelium to suppress the growth of cancer cells;
• drugs based on eburicoic acid for lowering blood sugar levels and treating endocrine diseases;
• dried and ground mushrooms can be used in place of tea daily as a cancer prevention agent.

Healing tincture of Letyporus

It is applied for:

• strengthening weakened immunity;
• prevention of bacterial and viral infections;
• treatment of tumors of the mammary and prostate glands and blood diseases;
• improving the well-being of women in menopause;
• enhancing sexual performance in men.

The tincture is easy to prepare at home:

1. Take 40 grams of shredded mushroom.
2. Pour 0.5 liters of 20% alcohol (or 250 g of vodka + 250 g of boiled water).
3. Insist 3 days.

To strengthen immunity and prevent various diseases, take 1 tablespoon, 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is 10 days. You need to store the tincture in the refrigerator.

Contraindications for taking drugs based on sulfur-yellow tinder fungus:

• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, gastritis and gastric ulcer;
• pregnancy, breastfeeding;
• age under 18;
• individual intolerance.