Terrestrial sebacina (sebacina epigaea)

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Description

Fruit bodies are typically cartilaginous or rubbery-gelatinous. In effused species (those that spread out loosely or flat), they are formed on the soil surface or in leaf litter, often encrusting fallen twigs and debris, sometimes encrusting the stem bases of living plants. In the type species, irregular or coral-like outgrowths may also be produced. In one species, bracket-like outgrowths are formed. In two other species, the fruit bodies are entirely coral- or net-like. Spores are white in mass.

Microscopic characters

Fruit bodies are composed of hyphae lacking clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. In one species the hyphal system is dimitic. The spore-bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of weakly branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are typically ellipsoid to oblong, but allantoid (sausage-shaped) in one species and vermiform (worm-shaped) in another.

Taxonomy

The genus was first published in 1871 by Louis and Charles Tulasne who had discovered that two species (Sebacina incrustans and S. epigaea) previously referred to Corticium or Thelephora possessed septate basidia, similar to those found in the genus Tremella... Although it was unusual at that time to separate fungal genera on purely microscopic characters, Sebacina was erected for effused, Corticium-like fungi with tremelloid basidia.

Subsequent authors added many additional species to the genus. Most, however, proved unrelated to Sebacina and were removed in 1957 by Ervin, who shuffled some species to Heterochaetella (for example, Heterochaetella dubia, now Stypella dubia (Bourdot & Galzin) P. Roberts), Bourdotia and Exidiopsis... In 1961, Wells also transferred many species to the genus Exidiopsis... The type species, S. incrustans, has a variable morphology, which has led to it being assigned a number of names.

Recent molecular research has shown that Sebacina is far more diverse than previously assumed, though this genetic diversity may not be reflected in morphological characters (in other words, species may be impossible to distinguish except by DNA analysis). The same research also shows that the genus splits into two groups, one clustered with the type species, the other clustered with a species sometimes referred to as "Sebacina vermifera" (though this is a misidentification). This latter species is distinct in forming thin, waxy fruit bodies and the group may not be part of Sebacina in the strict sense. Even in the strict sense, Sebacina is artificial, not being clearly distinct from related genera such as the coral-like Tremellodendron.

taxonomía

El género fue publicado por primera vez en 1871 por Louis y Charles Tulasne que había descubierto que dos especies ( incrustans Sebacina y S. Epigaea ) antes referidos Corticium o Thelephora poseían septadas basidios, similares a los encontrados en el género Tremella ... A pesar de que era inusual en ese momento para separar géneros de hongos en los personajes puramente microscópicas, Sebacina fue erigido para effused, Corticium -como hongos con basidios tremelloid.

Autores posteriores añadieron muchas especies adicionales al género. La mayoría, sin embargo, resultó no relacionado con Sebacina y fueron retirados en 1957 por Ervin, remató de algunas especies a Heterochaetella (por ejemplo, Heterochaetella dubia , ahora Stypella dubia (Bourdot y Galzin) P. Roberts), Bourdotia y Exidiopsis ... En 1961, Wells también transfirió a muchas especies del género Exidiopsis ... Los especie tipo, S. incrustans , tiene una variable de la morfología, lo que ha llevado a que se le asigna un número de nombres.

Recientes investigaciones molecular ha demostrado que Sebacina es mucho más diverso que asumido previamente, aunque esta diversidad genética puede no quedar reflejada en los caracteres morfológicos (en otras palabras, las especies pueden ser imposibles de distinguir excepto por análisis de ADN). La misma investigación también muestra que el género se divide en dos grupos, uno agrupado con la especie tipo, el otro agrupado con una especie refiere a veces como “Sebacina vermifera” (aunque esto es un error de identificación). Esta última especie es distinta en la formación de cuerpos frutales delgadas, cerosos y el grupo puede no ser parte de Sebacina en el sentido estricto. Incluso en el sentido estricto, Sebacina es artificial, no siendo claramente distintas de géneros relacionados, tales como el coral-como Tremellodendron .

Definitioner

Basidia

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Descripción

cuerpos de frutas son típicamente cartilaginoso o de caucho-gelatinosa. En las especies effused (aquellas que se extienden sin apretar o plana), que se forman sobre la superficie del suelo o en la hojarasca, a menudo incrustantes ramas caidos y escombros, a veces incrustantes las bases de los tallos de las plantas vivas. En la especie tipo, excrecencias irregulares o de coral-como también se pueden producir. En una especie, se forman excrecencias soporte similar. En otras dos especies, los cuerpos fructíferos son totalmente coral- o en forma de red. Las esporas son blancas en masa.

caracteres microscópicos

Cuerpos de frutas se componen de hifas que carecen de conexiones de abrazadera en una matriz gelatinosa. En una de las especies del sistema de las hifas es dimitic. La espora superficie -bearing está cubierto inicialmente en una capa de débilmente ramificados hyphidia por debajo del cual los basidios se forman. Los basidios se tremelloid (elipsoide y septadas verticalmente), dando lugar a, largo y sinuoso esterigmas o epibasidia en que las basidiosporas se producen. Estas esporas son típicamente elipsoide a oblongo, pero alantoides (salchicha con forma) en una especie y vermiforme (forma de gusano) en otro.

Taxonomy

The genus was first published in 1871 by Louis and Charles Tulays, who discovered that two species (Sebacina incrustans and S. epigaea) previously mentioned Corticium, or Thelephora possessed septate basidia similar to those found in the genus Tremella... Although it was unusual at the time to distinguish fungal genera on purely microscopic characters, Sebacina was set to be effused, like Corticium mushrooms with tremelloid basidia.

Many additional species have been added to the genus by subsequent authors. Most, however, turned out to be unrelated to Sebacina and was removed in 1957 by Erwin, who shuffled some species to Heterochaetella (for example, Heterochaetella dubia, now Stypella dubia (Bourdot & Galzin) P. Roberts), Bourdotia and Exidiopsis... Wells also passed on many species to the genus in 1961. Exidiopsis... In a variety of the type, S. incrustansThere is a variable morphology that has led to it being assigned to many names.

Recent molecular research has shown that Sebacina is much more diverse than previously accepted, although this genetic diversity cannot be reflected in morphological signs (in other words, other than species, it may be impossible to distinguish by DNA analysis). The same study also shows that the genus splits into two groups, one grouped with type species, the other grouped with a species sometimes called "Sebacina vermifera" (although this is a misidentification). This latter variety is distinct in the formation of thin, waxy fruity bodies, and the group may not be part of the Sebacina in the strict sense. Even in a strict sense, Sebacina artificial without being clearly distinct from related genera such as coral-like Tremellodendron.

Especies

sparassoidea Sebacina

Para los nombres de más edad, la lista se basa en especies mantenidas en el Sebacina por Wells (1961).

• Sebacina allantoidea - descrito de Alemania
• Sebacina alutacea - descrito de la India)
• Concrescens Sebacina - descritos de los EE.UU.
• Sebacina dimitica - descrito de Alemania
• Sebacina Epigaea - descrito de Inglaterra
• Sebacina guayanensis - Venezuela
• Helvelloides Sebacina - descritos de los EE.UU.
• Incrustans Sebacina - descritos de Europa
• Sebacina pileata - descrito de Belice
• Sebacina sparassoidea - descrito de los EE.UU.
• Sebacina esponjosa - descrito de las Bahamas
• Sebacina tomentosa - Venezuela

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Sebacina

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Description

Fruit bodies are typically cartilaginous or elastic-gelatinous. In effused species (those that spread freely or flat), they are formed on the soil surface or in leaf debris, often encrusting fallen branches and debris, sometimes encrusting the base roots of living plants. In type species, irregular or coral-like foods can also be produced. In one species, bracket-like foods are formed. In the other two species, the fruit bodies are entirely coral or trellised. Spores are white in mass.

Microscopic marks

Fruit bodies are composed of hyphae lacking pinch bonds in a gelatinous matrix. In one species, the hyphal system is dimitic. The spore surface is initially covered with a layer of weakly branched hyphidia, below which basidia are formed. Basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and upright septate), giving rise to the long, winding sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are typically ellipsoid to oblong, but (sausage-shaped) in one variety and (worm-shaped) in another.

Metadata

This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Species

Sebacina sparassoidea

For older names, the list is based on species retained in Sebacina by Wells (1961).

• Sebacina allantoidea - described from Germany
• Sebacina alutacea - described from India)
• Sebacina concrescens - described from the USA
• Sebacina dimitica - described from Germany
• Sebacina epigaea - described from England
• Sebacina guayanensis - Venezuela
• Sebacina helvelloides - described from the USA
• Sebacina incrustans - described from Europe
• Sebacina pileata - described from Belize
• Sebacina sparassoidea - described from the USA
• Sebacina spongiosa - described from the Bahamas
• Sebacina tomentosa - Venezuela