Row Colossus

Similar species and their difference

In ryadovka pointed and its edible counterparts belonging to the same genus, the active period of fruiting occurs simultaneously

In order not to collect poisonous mushrooms, it is important to know the main differences between the twins

Most often, when hunting for an earthy row (Tricholoma terreum), they confuse it with a pointed row: mushrooms are similar in color and shape of the fruit body. But in the inedible variety, the legs have clearly visible longitudinal stripes.

Another edible double that often grows next to the pointed row is the gray row (Tricholoma portentosum). It differs in other proportions of the structure and larger dimensions: the cap reaches 15 cm in diameter, the leg is high, up to 12-15 cm, without stripes.

Description

Pointed ridge (Tricholoma virgatum) is not the only name for this poisonous fungus belonging to the class Agaricomycetideae (agaricomycetes), genus Tricholoma (Ryadovka), family Tricholomataceae (Ryadovkovye). Other names: ryadovka mouse, ryadovka hot-sharp, ryadovka striped, give an idea of ​​its appearance, smell and taste.

• a hat with a mouse (ash-gray) cuticle color, darkening towards the center and striped edges. Bell-shaped in the initial phase, in the process of growth it becomes convex, hump-shaped (the tubercle in the center remains) and reaches 8 cm in diameter;
• the pulp in the initial phase is grayish-white, later brightens and becomes whitish, has a bitter taste and a powdery odor;
• the plates are rather wide, of frequent order, with deep grooves, dentate-accrete, whitish or gray, later gray;
• white spores;
• the leg is cylindrical, dense, about 8 cm high and 1.5-2 cm thick, with a slight thickening at the base, white or light gray with longitudinal stripes.

Tiger row (Tricholoma pardinum)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Row poisonous
• Row leopard

Synonyms:

• Agaricus unguentatus
• Tricholoma unguentatum

First officially described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, Tricholoma pardinum has an intricate taxonomic history that spans over two centuries. In 1762, the German naturalist Jacob Christian Schäffer described the species Agaricus tigrinus with an illustration corresponding to what is believed to be T. pardinum, and hence the name Tricholoma tigrinum was mistakenly used in some European works.

As of now (Spring 2019): Some sources believe that the name Tricholoma tigrinum is synonymous with Tricholoma pardinum. However, authoritative databases (Species Fungorum, MycoBank) support Tricholoma tigrinum as a separate species, although at present this name can hardly be used in practice and there is no modern description for it.

Description

Hat: 4-12 cm, under favorable conditions up to 15 centimeters in diameter. In young mushrooms it is spherical, then bell-convex, in mature mushrooms it is flat-spread, with a thin, curled inward edge. It is often irregular in shape, with cracks, curves and bends.
The skin of the cap is off-white, grayish white, light silvery gray or blackish gray, sometimes with a bluish tinge. Covered with darker, flaky scales, arranged concentrically, which give some "streak", hence the name - "tiger".

Plates: wide, 8-12 mm wide, fleshy, of medium frequency, adherent with a tooth, with plates. Whitish, often with a greenish or yellowish tinge, mature mushrooms emit small watery droplets.

Spore powder: white Spores: 8-10 x 6-7 microns, ovoid or ellipsoidal, smooth, colorless.

Stem: 4-15 cm in height and 2-3.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, sometimes thickened at the base, solid, in young mushrooms with a slightly fibrous surface, later almost glabrous. White or with a slight ocher bloom, ocher-rusty at the base.

Flesh: dense, whitish, at the cap, under the skin - grayish, in the stem, closer to the base - yellowish on the cut, does not change color at the cut and break.

Chemical reactions: KOH is negative on the surface of the cap.

Taste: soft, not bitter, not associated with anything unpleasant, sometimes a little sweet. Smell: mild, flour.

Season and distribution

It grows on soil from August to October in coniferous and mixed with conifers, less often deciduous (with the presence of beech and oak) forests, on the edges. Prefers calcareous soils. Fruiting bodies appear both singly and in small groups, can form "witch circles", can grow in small "concretions". The fungus is common throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, but rather rare.

Edibility

The fungus is poisonous, often indicated as deadly poisonous.
According to toxicological studies, the toxic substance has not been precisely identified.
After taking tiger ryadovka in food, extremely unpleasant gastrointestinal and general symptoms appear: nausea, increased sweating, dizziness, convulsions, vomiting and diarrhea. They occur within 15 minutes to 2 hours after consumption and often persist for several hours, with full recovery usually taking 4 to 6 days. Cases of liver damage have been reported. The toxin, the identity of which is unknown, appears to cause sudden inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the stomach and intestines.
At the slightest suspicion of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Similar species

The row is earthy-gray (Tricholoma terreum) is much less "fleshy", pay attention to the location of the scales on the cap, in the Myshat the cap is radially striated, in the tiger scales they form stripes.
Other rows with white and silver scaled caps

Dry row (Tricholoma sudum)

Synonyms:

• Gyrophila suda

Etymology

Species name Tricholoma sudum (Fr.) Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 340 (1873) comes from lat. sudus, which means dry. Apparently, the epithet comes from the preference of this species to grow in dry places, on sands or stony soil that does not retain moisture. The second translation of this epithet is clear, cloudless, hence in some sources this ryadovka is called clear.

Description

A hat with a diameter of 4-13 cm, in youth it is semicircular or bell-shaped, at the age from flat-convex to spread, often with a flattened tubercle, smooth, can be slippery, matte, regardless of humidity, possibly with a bloom resembling frost. In old mushrooms, the cap can become wavy, with a felt, speckled appearance. In dry weather, it can crack in the center. The color of the cap is gray, with a dark yellow or brownish tint. Usually the cap is darker in the center, lighter towards the edges, in ocher or almost white tones. There may be faint radial streaks as well as dark gray teardrop spots.

The pulp is white, whitish, pale-grayish, dense, slowly turning pink when damaged, especially at the bottom of the leg. Faint odor, reminiscent of laundry soap, after cutting from flour to phenolic. Flour taste, possibly slightly bitter.

The plates are from deeply adherent to adherent, of medium width or wide, from sparse to medium-frequent, white, whitish, grayish, darker by old age. Possible pink shades if damaged or in old age.

White spore powder. Hyaline spores in water and KOH, smooth, mostly ellipsoidal, 5.1-7.9 x 3.3-5.1 microns, Q from 1.2 to 1.9 with average values ​​of about 1.53 + -0.06;

The stem is 4-9 cm long, 6-25 mm in diameter, cylindrical, often tapering towards the base, sometimes deeply rooted in the substrate. Smooth, fine-scaled above, fibrous below. By old age, it is noticeably more fibrous. The color is whitish, grayish, pale-grayish, in the lower part and in places of damage there may be pink (salmon, peach) shades.

Habitat

Dry rowing grows in autumn, from the second half of August to November on poor sandy or stony dry soils together with pine. It is very widespread, but it is not common.

Similar species

This ryadovka is the champion of the Tricholoma genus in confusion with mushrooms from other genera.

• Soap row (Tricholoma saponaceum). The closest species to this row, including phylogenetically.The difference is in the color and appearance of the cap, so the mushroom gets confused with it in the venerable mushroom age, when they become more or less similar.
• Smoky talker (Clitocybe nebularis), as well as close representatives of the genus Lepista At a young age, when viewed from above, if the specimens are large and strong, this row is often outwardly quite similar to a "haze" or some kind of grayish lobules. However, when you collect it, it immediately becomes clear that something is wrong. Grayish plates, grayish legs, pinkish color at the base of the leg. And, of course, the smell.
• Homophron chestnut (Homophron spadiceum). Young specimens are easily confused with this mushroom, which are more sickly than those that look like a smoky talker. However, if we recall the habitat of the homophron, then it immediately becomes clear that it cannot exist here in principle.

Edibility

Dry rowing is considered inedible.

Used literature: 1. Christensen, Morten & Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob. (2013). The genus Tricholoma. 2. A.A. BALKEMA, “Flora Agaricina Neerlandica”, vol. 4, ROTTERDAM / BROOKFIELD / 1999: p.p.107-149: M.E. Noordeloos & M. Christensen, Genus Tricholoma. 3. Henning Knudsen (Editor), Jan Vesterholt “Funga Nordica (2-Volume Set): Agaricoid, Boletoid, Clavarioid, Cyphelloid and Gastroid Genera”, 2012.

Useful properties and contraindications

Rows have a positive effect on the tone of the gastrointestinal tract, the regeneration of liver cells, promotes the elimination of toxins and toxins from the body. They are distinguished by their rich chemical composition:

• vitamins of group A, B, C, D7, D2, PP, K, betaine;

• amino acids (threonine, aspartic, alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, stearic and glutamic acids);

• minerals (iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, manganese, calcium, zinc);

• flavonoids;

• natural antibiotics fomecin, clitocin, which resist bacteria and cancer cells;

• ergosterol;

• phenols;

• polysaccharides.

In complex treatment, they have a positive effect on a number of pathological conditions:

• rheumatism;

• osteoporosis;

• diabetes;

• disorders of the nervous system;

• arrhythmia;

• diseases of the genitourinary sphere;

• normalization of blood pressure;

• oncological diseases.

Earthy rows, like other representatives of the mushroom kingdom, have a number of contraindications:

• With low acidity, pancreatitis, gallbladder dysfunction, cholecystitis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, you should not abuse these mushrooms.

• Overripe fruiting bodies should not be plucked, as they accumulate heavy metals and atmospheric pollution.

• Overuse of mushrooms can cause intestinal upset, heaviness and abdominal pain.

• The composition contains substances similar to a thin pig. With severe intoxication, they cause disturbances in the functioning of the liver and muscular system.

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Other entries from the category "Mushrooms, Edible mushrooms":

Many people like to pick mushrooms. Combining a leisurely walk in the forest with a useful activity - collecting free food is doubly pleasant. The end of autumn pampers with a huge amount of mushrooms belonging to the family of the rowers, in particular the earthy rowers. Unassuming in appearance, but very tasty and healthy, they are easy to collect, as they usually grow in large groups.

Row earthy gray (Tricholoma terreum)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Ground row
• Mice

Synonyms:

• Ground row
• Agaricus terreus
• Agaricus pullus
• Tricholoma bisporigerum

Description

Hat: 3-7 (up to 9) centimeters in diameter. In youth, it is conical, broadly conical or bell-shaped, with a sharp conical tubercle and a turned edge. With age, it is convex-spread, flat-spread, with a noticeable tubercle in the center (unfortunately, this macro feature is not present in all specimens). Ash gray, grayish, mouse gray to dark gray, brownish gray. Fibrous-scaly, silky to the touch, with age the fibers-scales diverge somewhat and white, whitish flesh shines through between them. The edge of an adult mushroom may crack.

Plates: adherent toothed, frequent, wide, white, whitish, grayish with age, sometimes with an uneven edge. May (optional) acquire a yellowish tint with age).

Cover: present in very young mushrooms. Grayish, gray, thin, cobweb, quickly disappearing.

Leg: 3-8 (10) centimeters long and up to 1.5-2 cm thick. White, fibrous, with a slight powdery coating on the cap. Sometimes you can see the "ring zone" - the remains of the bedspread.Smooth, slightly thickened towards the base, rather fragile.

Spore powder: white Spores: 5-7 x 3.5-5 microns, colorless, smooth, broadly ellipsoid.

Flesh: thin-fleshy cap, fragile leg. The flesh is thin, whitish, darker, grayish under the skin of the cap. Does not change color when damaged. Smell: pleasant, soft, floury. Taste: soft, pleasant.

Ecology

It grows on soil and litter in pine, spruce and mixed (with pine or spruce) forests, plantings, in old parks. Fruiting frequently, in large groups.

Season and distribution

Late mushroom. Distributed throughout the temperate zone. Fruiting from October until severe frosts. In the southern regions, in particular, in the Crimea, in warm winters - until January, and even in February-March. In eastern Crimea, in some years - in May.

Edibility

The situation is controversial. Until recently, Ryadovka earthy was considered a good edible mushroom. "Myshata" in Crimea is one of the most widespread and most popular mushrooms harvested, one might say, "breadwinner". They are dried, pickled, salted, prepared fresh.
However, in recent years, a number of studies have been carried out showing that the use of an earthy-gray ryadovka can cause rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria) - a syndrome that is quite difficult to diagnose and treat, which is an extreme degree of myopathy and is characterized by the destruction of muscle tissue cells, a sharp increase in the level of creatine kinase and myoglobin. , myoglobinuria, development of acute renal failure.

Therefore, we carefully classify the mushroom as conditionally edible: edible, provided that you do not eat more than 46 kg of fresh mushrooms in a short period and provided that you do not have a predisposition to rhabdomyolysis and kidney disease. Notes: Such popularity among the Crimean people is probably connected not so much with the high nutritional qualities of "mice" (the mushroom, according to the old classification, not the first category, but the fourth), but with the fact that "mice" is the most widespread mushroom there. In Bulgaria it is considered very mediocre, in Belarus it is rare and usually not harvested, in Russia it does not have such a resource value, although it is widespread everywhere

Notes: Such popularity among the Crimean people is probably connected not so much with the high nutritional qualities of "mice" (the mushroom, according to the old classification, not the first category, but the fourth), but with the fact that "mice" is the most widespread mushroom there. In Bulgaria, it is considered very mediocre, in Belarus it is rare and usually not harvested, in Russia it does not have such a resource value, although it is widespread everywhere.

Similar species

Row gray (Tricholoma portentosum) - fleshy, in wet weather with an oily cap.
Silver row (Tricholoma scalpturatum) - slightly lighter and smaller, but these signs overlap, especially considering the growth in the same places.
Row sad (Tricholoma triste) - differs in a more pubescent hat.
Tiger row (Tricholoma pardinum) - poisonous - much fleshy, more massive.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Trichoderma (Trichoderma)

The type of cap skin, usually consists of straight, septate elements located more or less perpendicular to the surface and laid both at the same and at different levels; the ends of the hyphae can be morphologically modified and represent dermatocystids. The surface of the cap is velvety to almost felt.

Lat. Trichoderm.

Trichoderma, in turn, is subdivided into intertwined trichoderma and irregular trichoderma.

Intertwined trichoderm (Intricate trichoderm) - trichoderm, consisting of intertwined hyphae, located not parallel to each other and forming a tomentose pubescence.

Irregular trichoderm - Trichoderma, consisting of irregularly branching hyphae.

See Dermatotsistida, Hypha, Septa.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Cooking recipes

They eat both a hat and a huge ryadovka leg. Popular recipes include:

• marinated with carrots in Korean;
• mycelium soup;
• stewed in sour cream sauce;
• ryadovka salted with garlic and pepper.

Primary processing

First, the mushroom is thoroughly washed, its leg is cleaned, as well as the cap with a knife. Then they rinse under running water, separate the elements from each other and soak for several hours. After that, you need to lay out the parts on a cutting board and let them dry. You can fold the mushrooms and freeze for the winter, or immediately proceed with further processing - frying, boiling, pickling.

How to cook a mushroom

The hats and legs are prepared in this way separately. The latter are undesirable to boil, although some experiment with taste. The hats are cleaned, soaked, and then, chopped up, they are boiled in salted water for about 60–90 minutes. They go perfectly into mycelium soup. Consider the recipe.

Calculation for 1 portion:

• rows (hats) - 500 g;
• onion - 1 pc .;
• salt - 2 tablespoons;
• sunflower oil - 2 tablespoons;
• carrots - 1 pc.;
• tomatoes –3 pcs .;
• potatoes - 3 pcs.

How to prepare:

1. Separate the hat from the leg, cut into semicircles, soak in a container for an hour and a half.
2. Finely chop onions and carrots, sauté in a skillet in tomato paste for 30 minutes.
3. Mash tomatoes, add, fry over low heat.
4. Put potatoes in boiling water, boil, salt.
5. Pour mushrooms there, keep on fire for 60 minutes.
6. Then drain the excess tomato moisture from the sautéing, add vegetables to the soup.
7. Season with salt, pepper and a little soy sauce.
8. You can use bay leaves for flavor and black peppercorns.

Pickling

First, let's prepare the marinade.

You will need:

• sugar - 100 g;
• salt - 100 g;
• garlic - 2 pcs.;
• bay leaf and carnation - 3 pcs.

How to cook:

1. Add sugar, salt, finely chopped garlic (you can cut each slice into halves), pepper and laurel into a saucepan with cold water.
2. Put on high heat, wait for a boil, then reduce the flame, cook for 10–20 minutes, add a tablespoon of vegetable oil and vinegar.
3. Finish the process after 10 minutes.

The next option for harvesting mushrooms is the most common. You will need:

• rows - up to 1 kg;
• garlic - 1 pc.;
• salt - 2 tablespoons;
• table vinegar - 1 tablespoon;
• sugar - 1 tablespoon;
• bay leaf - 2-3 pcs.;
• pepper, cloves - 5 pieces each.

1. Mushrooms are pre-cleaned, cut and placed in a saucepan with cold water. Cook them for about 40 minutes.
2. The water is removed, the marinade is poured into the pan. In the solution, the fruits should be boiled for 10–20 minutes.
3. Put the marinade in the refrigerator. After a day, stir with a wooden spoon. Put in a cool place.

Poisoning signs and first aid

But what if you still got into the basket and pointed rows were prepared? You should know that these are mushrooms that cause poisoning, occurring with dysfunction not only of the gastrointestinal tract: other systems and organs are affected.

Signs of poisoning appear soon enough, within 1-8 hours after the trophies from the mushroom hunt have been tasted. It is necessary to act without hesitation and quickly when the following symptoms appear and are rapidly intensifying:

• nausea;
• indomitable vomiting;
• painful abdominal cramps;
• acute diarrhea;
• difficulties in orientation in space;
• sudden drop in blood pressure and heart failure.

The very first, emergency step is to call an ambulance. If the waiting time for the doctor's arrival is delayed, you can do the following yourself:

• gastric lavage with saline solution (1/2 tsp. salt per 1 tbsp. water), potassium permanganate (light pink) or 5-6 glasses of warm boiled water, repeating the procedure 3-4 times;
• if there is no vomiting, cause it mechanically by pressing on the root of the tongue;
• take a loading dose of activated carbon (20-30 g crushed into powder and dissolved in 100-150 ml of water);
• to put the victim in bed, to properly warm the hands and feet by applying a heating pad;
• take a laxative (1 tbsp. l. petroleum jelly or 30 ml of a 33% solution of magnesium sulfate), if there is no diarrhea;
• in case of dizziness, severe weakness, drink black freshly brewed strong tea.

With symptoms of poisoning, you can not eat food and especially alcohol, which accelerates the absorption of toxins, as well as take remedies for diarrhea and vomiting, antipyretic and pain relievers.

Such measures taken and the provision of medical assistance usually provide a favorable prognosis.

And if a beauty on a slender striped leg in an elegant ash-gray dress comes across on the forest paths, you do not need to be tempted by her dense, large hat - these meetings are dangerous.

Varieties

The main types of edible rows:

• The row is earthy. The mushroom is very popular both in Europe and in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The cap of young mushrooms is cone-shaped, with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm. It is silky to the touch, brown or muscular in color. The plates are uneven, rare. The lower part has a pronounced yellowish tint. Legs grow up to 10 cm, usually straight, but also curved with a screw come across, in old ones - hollow. Its pulp has a faint floury odor, almost tasteless, firm, white. The earthy row grows exclusively in the coniferous forest.
• Gray. Outwardly, it is very similar to earthy. She has a fleshy, young mushrooms have a smooth, rounded, later flat and cracked cap. Only a flattened tubercle remains in the center. The size ranges from 4-12 cm. The color is dark gray, sometimes with a purple or greenish tint. The plates are rare, wide. If you break a gray grill, it turns yellow, the taste is mealy. The leg is wider at the base, it can grow up to 15 cm and more.The differences between gray and earthy ryadovka are that the gray has a more slender "body", a noticeable yellow bloom on the plates, a well-expressed pleasant flour smell.

There are many other types:

• matsutake grows in China, Japan, North America, Russia, Finland, Korea, Sweden;
• giant, grows up to 20 cm in diameter, is found in almost all European countries, North Africa, Japan, Russia;
• crowded, grows in a temperate climatic zone, in Asian countries is widely used in pharmacology;
• Mongolian, looks like a porcini mushroom, but the plates give out a row in it, grows in Mongolia, Central Asia, in Western China.

There are many inedible species in this family: white, gray, pointed, brown, leopard.

False doubles

In appearance, the spotted row may look like honey mushrooms, but it has a wider cap and a chunky leg. In appearance, matsutake has a lot in common with a corrugated row, or tied (Tricholoma focale), belonging to the conditionally edible mushrooms of the fourth category. Its cap is also fibrous-scaly, brown in color, there is also a ring on the leg, the flesh is light, fleshy. But unlike the shod ryadovka, it has a short leg that can be easily removed from the ground, and its smell is mealy. The pine mushroom is also very similar to the Sakhalin mushrooms.

All the external features of these types can be seen in the photo.

Comparative table of signs of similar mushrooms

Mushroom umbrella description

The edible umbrella mushrooms live up to their name. In the process of growth, forest gifts open their hats, previously adjacent to the legs, like an umbrella. However, many mushroom pickers do not know special signs confirming the edibility of the mushroom and distinguishing it from the toadstool counterparts and undeservedly bypass the delicious mushrooms.

1. Edible umbrellas smell nice where the cap is broken, resembling a nut. The cut point does not change color upon contact with air.
2. The leg of the non-poisonous mushroom has a three-layer ring framing it in the form of a skirt. Such an accessory can be easily moved up and down, while in inedible representatives it is firmly attached or completely absent.
3. An important criterion by which you can immediately recognize a good umbrella mushroom is size. Edible individuals, when opened, reach 30 cm in height with a cap diameter of 40 cm, while externally identical toadstools have legs no more than 13 cm high and caps no wider than 14 cm in diameter.
4. In the process of growing, the caps of umbrella mushrooms are covered with scales, which are often concentrated at the edges. Above, the cap is darker in color and smoother.
5. The most common types of umbrella mushrooms are white, variegated and reddening.

Umbrellas can grow very large after heavy rains. The head of such a mushroom reaches a diameter of 35 to 45 cm, and the height of the leg grows to 30-40 cm.

On average, the mushroom has a stem length of about 8-10 cm and a diameter of the cap within 10-15 cm. The surface of the cap is dry and finely scaly; at the edges, the skin may crack and hang in the form of a fringe. The pulp and juice are of a light shade with a pleasant mushroom smell and delicate taste. The leg is thickened at the base, it has a characteristic mobile membranous ring.

Description of the pigeon row and differences from the white variety

Latin name:
Tricholoma columbetta.

Family:
Ordinary.

Synonyms:
the row is bluish.

Hat:
hemispherical or bell-shaped, fleshy, in diameter it can reach up to 12 cm. As it grows up, the cap opens and becomes flat, and its edges are bent down. A small bump can often be seen in the center. The surface is sticky, in young specimens it is radial-fibrous with the presence of light scales. The color of the cap is white, sometimes with pinkish or bluish spots.

Leg:
height up to 10 cm, thickness up to 3 cm, round, flat or tapering downward. The surface is silky, smooth, fibrous, dense inside. The color of the stem at the ryadovka is bluish white, and a slight bluish-green tint is noticeable at the base.

Pulp:
elastic, dense, fleshy, white in color. The smell and taste are pleasant, but subtle. Upon contact with air, the pulp of the mushroom becomes pink, and under the influence of high temperature it turns red.

Plates:
free, wide, frequent, at a young age white, and over time acquire a reddish-brown color.

Edibility:
edible mushroom.

Application:
suitable for preparing various dishes and preparations for the winter. The pigeon row is good in soups and sauces. She perfectly decorates the festive table in the form of a pickled or salty snack. The fruiting body is also dried for long-term storage. Many experienced mushroom pickers note that this mushroom gives a unique aroma to meat dishes. However, before cooking, it must be soaked in cold water and then boiled for at least 15 minutes. Both young and adult specimens are used for food. In addition, even those fruit bodies that have survived the first frosts are suitable for processing. Such gustatory qualities induce beginner lovers of "quiet hunting" by all means to study the description and photo of the pigeon ryadovka mushroom, so as not to lose sight of it in the forest.

Similarities and differences:
this species is similar to the white ryadovka (Tricholoma album) - a dangerous poisonous mushroom. However, it is quite easy to notice the differences between the pigeon ryadovka and the white variety. From the latter comes a sharp disgusting smell, which helps to determine the edibility of the mushroom.

Spreading:
the bluish ryadovka is a rather rare species in its family. The mushroom grows mainly in mixed and deciduous forests. Most often it can be seen near birches and oaks. Sometimes it can settle in pastures and meadows. Grows singly or in small groups from August to September.

Systematics:

• Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
• Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
• Family: Tricholomataceae (Tricholomaceae or Ordinary)
• Genus: Tricholoma (Tricholoma or Ryadovka)
• View: Tricholoma columbetta (Pigeon line)
  

Row glaucous

(lat. Tricholoma columbetta
) is a fungus belonging to the Ryadovkov family. The family includes more than one hundred growing mushroom species. The pigeon row is edible and belongs to the genus of hat plate mushrooms. Mushroom pickers rarely come across.

The mushroom is decorated with a large fleshy cap measuring twelve centimeters in diameter. The hemispherical cap of the mushroom opens as it grows, and its ends are bent down. In young mushrooms, the light surface of the cap is covered with scales that match the general color of the mushroom.

The thick, dense pulp of the mushroom becomes pinkish at the fracture. It has a weak taste and smell. The tall, powerful mushroom leg has a dense fibrous structure.

The pigeon row grows singly or in small groups from mid-August to late September in mixed forests. Likes to settle next to oak and birch. Mushroom pickers noticed cases of its growth not only in the forest, but also in meadows and pastures.

This mushroom is used in a wide variety of prepared dishes. A wide variety of soups and sauces are prepared from it. The ryadovka can be grilled and dried for future use, and is also suitable for decorating festive dishes. The ryadovka cooked with meat gives the dish an extraordinary aroma. Among professional culinary experts, it is considered a very tasty mushroom with a peculiar pleasant aroma.

Before cooking, the mushroom is soaked in cold water, after which the skin is removed from its cap. Then a 15-minute thermal treatment is carried out. The row is suitable for harvesting for the winter in salted or pickled form. For cooking, both young and adult mushrooms, as well as the first frosts that have been frozen, are suitable.