Porphyry porphyry: what it looks like, where it grows, photo, is it possible to eat

Porphyry porphyry: description and photo, edibility

Porphyry porphyry, also called as sore purple or redsporous porphyrellus, belongs to the fungi of the genus Porphyrellus, family Boletaceae. Despite its external resemblance to many edible mushrooms that have good taste, it has a rather unpleasant aroma.

Description of porphyry porphyry-spore

Porphyry porphyry is a mediocre mushroom, outwardly similar to boletus and boletus, but at the same time in its color it does not have bright shades. Gloomy and unremarkable, this mushroom seems to indicate that it is better not to collect it.

In fact, outwardly, it really looks like some valuable species. The hat is matte, gray, darkens on the cut, the size varies from 4 to 12 cm. The shape is hemispherical, inflated, with age it opens, becoming cushion-shaped. Dry and smooth to the touch, may crack as it grows closer to the edge.

The spore-bearing layer is tubular, not growing to the pedicle. When pressed on the cap, it changes color from yellow-gray to blue-brown. The spores are ellipsoidal, the color of the powder is red-brown.

The surface of the fruiting body is velvety. The smell and taste are unpleasant, so this mushroom has no culinary value. The leg is cylindrical, often smooth, has a bright brown tint, the length directly depends on the growing conditions and can be from 8 to 10 cm with a thickness of up to 2 cm.

Is it possible to eat porphyry porphyry

Porphyry porphyry is a conditionally edible variety. According to its culinary value, it is assigned to the second category.

Taste qualities of the mushroom porphyry porphyry-spore

Since the mushroom belongs to the second category, it is rarely eaten. And all because of the unpleasant taste and pungent odor, which can persist even after prolonged heat treatment. When fresh, this specimen is not at all suitable for cooking, since it is able to saturate all the ingredients with its bitter taste, which will completely ruin the dish. Some culinary experts still resort to marinating this forest product in a hot way with a lot of spices and spices.

False doubles

Porphyry porphyry-spore among poisonous and inedible mushrooms has no similarities. But, having met him in the forest, an inexperienced mushroom picker may confuse this specimen with:

• common boletus, since it also has a hat with a gray-brown color, belongs to edible mushrooms;
• pain - outwardly similar, but has a thicker and shorter leg, a distinctive feature is that it belongs to the first category;
• goat - much smaller in size and has a thin long leg, is edible;
• moss - has a lighter or brighter cap of a uniform color, depending on the species, grows in moss, is edible.

Unlike all the described specimens, it is very easy to recognize porphyric porphyry, because its pulp, when broken, emits a pungent odor that is absent in other mushrooms.

Collection rules

You can meet this species in coniferous, less often deciduous forests. It grows in grass or dry wood.

If you plan to collect this mushroom, then you should do it in the thicket of the forest. It is highly discouraged to use specimens growing in forest plantations near roads or various industrial enterprises.

Use

Belonging to the second category, porphyry-spore porphyry is practically not used for cooking. Usually it is only pickled for the winter with various herbs and spices.

Conclusion

Porphyry porphyry is conditionally edible. But inexperienced mushroom pickers can be very disappointed when cooking it, since the dish will not be appetizing at all: with an unpleasant aroma and a terrible aftertaste.

Rosso siena

Porphyries are rocks of volcanic origin, with large inclusions of various minerals. They have a microcrystalline structure. Porphyry ("porphеreos") in translation from Greek means "red", "purple". Distinguish between quartz and non-quartz porphyry. Porphyry is a building, finishing and decorative material.

The Egyptians were probably among the first to discover porphyry. Egyptian craftsmen have achieved high art in the manufacture of products from this stone. They used porphyry to make various statues, columns, vases, interior items in palaces, and in the construction of sarcophagi. Antique items made of porphyry are of great artistic value today. Porphyry was a symbol of the power and wealth of the pharaohs of Egypt, and then the emperors of Ancient Rome and Europe. All the monarchs of the world wanted to have porphyry products.

In the 20th century, large deposits of porphyry were discovered in northern Italy - in Trento. At the same time, the stone began to be widely used for paving roads in Europe.

In our country, deposits of porphyry were discovered in the 18th century in Altai, near the Korgon River. Porphyry was used in St. Petersburg in the manufacture of sculptures, bas-reliefs of buildings. Porphyry products were used to decorate palaces and luxurious mansions. Russia was famous for its stone-cutters. The Hermitage contains rare exhibits of porphyry vases and bowls made in factories in Altai, the Urals and Peterhof. Some of the works have won awards at the London World Exhibition, as well as exhibitions in Paris and Vienna. Many works were sold to museums around the world.

The widespread use of the stone is associated with its good physical and chemical properties, which are predetermined by the porphyry structure of the stone. This is a very wear-resistant material, it behaves well even in an aggressive environment, is resistant to chemical agents, has good thermal insulation properties, which allows it to be used in the climatic conditions of Russia, has good resistance to abrasion, scratches, and impacts. It is low maintenance and durable.

Porphyry is a very hard stone, its chemical composition is close to granite, and its strength exceeds it by almost 50%, and red porphyry is considered the most durable. Unlike granite, it never crumbles.

The stone, in spite of its strength, has a relatively low specific gravity and high water absorption, which indicates its porous structure. This explains its so-called "self-cleaning", when any stains gradually disappear from the surface.

Porphyry can be presented in a wide range of colors. There are red, green, yellow, brown, purple, gray stones with many shades, as well as variegated porphyries.

Porphyry is becoming more and more popular today. It is increasingly used in landscape and urban architecture of private houses, commercial and commercial organizations. Porphyry has a good natural texture, interesting natural patterns and rich natural colors, it is widely used for decorative purposes, helping to create original compositions. The extraordinary beauty of natural stone has provided it with many admirers.

Premises finished with porphyry tend to look rich and modern. It is often used in luxury construction, where it is required to emphasize the prestige of the company, the individuality of the owner of a private house.With the help of porphyry, you can create the most whimsical interiors, making them unique and expressive.

In construction, stone is used with treated and untreated surfaces in the form of various shapes: plates, tiles, bars, which can have different thicknesses. Plates with chipped, uneven edges of the wrong size are used as mosaics. Thicker tiles are used for paving traffic roads.

Porphyry can guarantee a high quality finish even in complex architectural projects. He will give the house an individual style and make it stand out from the crowd, and the use of various design solutions with the use of porphyry will make your home and plot a real work of art.

Red Book

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Pseudo-birch porphyry

Family Pine fungus - Strobilomycetaceae Porphyry birch Porphyrellus porphyrosporus (Fr. ye Hok) E.-J. Gilbert

Category and status.... 3b is a rare species with a significant range, within which it occurs sporadically and with a small number of populations.

a brief description of... A mushroom with medium-sized tubular fruiting bodies that develop on the soil. The hat is 5-10 (15) cm in diameter., Cushion-shaped, matte, fine-grained, velvety, olive-brown, walnut-brown. The hymenophore is pink-gray, brown-gray, turns blue from pressure, then turns brown. Leg 8-12.5 x 1-2 (3) cm, fibrous, fine-scaled, longitudinally striped, one-color with a cap. The pulp is white, turns blue or slightly green on the cut, then turns brown. Spores 12-16 x (5) 6-7 μm (1).

Spreading... In Russia: Kaliningrad region. (2, LE); Republic of Adygea (3, 4); Khabarovsk Territory (5); Primorsky Territory (6-10); Sakhalin Region (eleven). General distribution: outside Russia distributed in Europe, Asia and North. America (1). Features of ecology and phytocenology. Mycorrhizal symbiont of beech, oak, birch (?), Cedar (?), Fir (?) And spruce (?). Occurs sporadically in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests with the participation of these tree species.

Number... Not researched. The state of local populations. There is no information.

Limiting factors. Deforestation of Caucasian and Far Eastern forests.

Security measures taken... The species is included in the Red Data Books of the Republic of Adygea (12), Khabarovsk Territory (13) and Sakhalin Region. (fourteen). It is protected in a number of reserves in Russia: Caucasian (3, 4, 12), Bolshekhekhtsirsky (5), Ussuriysky (7), Lazovsky (8), Sikhote-Alinsky (9), "Kedrovaya Pad" (10).

Necessary security measures... It is necessary to control the state of populations and search for new locations of the species.

Cultivation possibility... Since the species is mycorrhizal, its maintenance in a pure culture has not yet been successful.

Sources of information... 1. Nazarova, 1990b; 2. Dedkov et al., 2007; 3. Vasilieva, 1939; 4. Vaasma et al., 1986; 5. Flora and vegetation of the Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve, 1986; 6. Bunkina, Nazarova, 1978; 7. Flora, vegetation and mycobiota of the Ussuriisky reserve, 2006; 8. Flora, mycobiota and vegetation of the Lazovsky reserve, 2002; 9. Vasilieva et al., 1963; 10. Vasilieva, 1973; 11. Vasiliev, Nazarova, 1972; 12. Red Book of the Republic of Adygea, 2000; 13. Red Book of the Khabarovsk Territory, 2000; 14. Red Data Book of the Sakhalin Region, 2000. Compiled by: A.E. Kovalenko.

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01.12.2014 22:40:04

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Fern Eagle

One of the most famous and widespread Ferns on the planet is the Orlyak fern - a beautiful bright plant, it can decorate any corner in the garden, forest or near a pond.

The culture is used in folk medicine - a decoction from the shoots is used to relieve stress, remove radionuclides, eliminate fever, and strengthen the skeleton. The decoction of the roots has an anthelmintic effect, relieves joint aches, and helps with diarrhea.

The main characteristics of the culture:

What does the bracken fern look like? Common bracken is a perennial herb of the Dennstedtiye family. A distinctive feature when describing a fern is frond, shaped like the wings of an eagle with tips curled inward. Usually Orlyak reaches 70 cm in height, but in more favorable climatic conditions (Primorsky Krai) it grows above a meter. The root system is well developed, deeply located, due to which the plant grows quickly, adapts to any climatic features - the roots do not freeze, they are not afraid of drought, rainfall and even fires.

Where does the bracken fern grow? The culture is found in all corners of the globe, except for Antarctica and the desert, and is widespread in Russia: in the middle zone, in Siberia, the Urals, the Far East, and the Primorsky Territory. Habitat - coniferous (pine) and deciduous (birch) forests, as well as edges, hills, water bodies. It grows well on pastures, clearings, abandoned fields. Prefers sandy, light soil, limestone. In some countries, the fern multiplies at such a fast rate that it is fought like a weed.

How to grow Orlyak at home? Fern is a beautiful original plant that can decorate a corner in the house or an alpine slide in the garden. It is unpretentious, adapted to different climatic conditions, undemanding in maintenance. Bracken is able to reproduce by dividing the bush, spores, rhizomes, processes. Spore reproduction is a long and painstaking process, which is rather difficult to implement at home. The best way to grow a crop is to use a dividing bush or plant shoots by the root. In this case, you need to carefully examine what the fern looks like: stem, leaves, root system. They must be resilient, free from stains and damage.

To plant Orlyak in a pot, it is necessary to prepare a sandy substrate, lay out drainage from gravel or bricks on the bottom. The plant is transplanted into the garden in the spring in a shaded place, protected from drafts. Sand, some ash should be added to the soil, small pebbles should be placed on the bottom.

Note! Fern loves moisture, so it needs regular watering and spraying. When pests appear (scale insects, whiteflies, thrips), insecticides are used

It is not worth trimming the crown - the old pagons are replaced with new ones in the spring.

When pests appear (scale insects, whiteflies, thrips), insecticides are used. It is not worth trimming the crown - the old pagons are replaced with new ones in the spring.

Interesting facts about the mushroom

Young specimens of flutter outwardly resemble bird eggs that have fallen out of the nest. Mushroom pickers discover their mistake only when they try to lift such an "egg" and find a small leg in it.

It is not recommended to collect flaps after rain. Like all raincoats, this species absorbs moisture, so instead of a mushroom, you can get a soggy mass.

Porkhovka contains special enzymes, thanks to which the mushroom is used to treat cancer.

Porkhovka is rich in vitamins, macro- and microelements.The mushroom contains vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, D, E, C potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and zinc. This mushroom is advised to be eaten with mental fatigue, severe fatigue, anemia, uremia. It is good for inclusion in the diet of vegetarians and those who do not eat meat, as it contains the proteins the body needs, as well as fats and carbohydrates, so that flap can be a complete substitute for meat and meat products.

Types of mushroom porkhovka

Lead-gray flap (Bovista plumbea)

Also known as Devil's Tobacco and Lead Slicker.

The diameter of the fruit body is 1-3 cm, the shape is round, spherical, the root process is thin. The color is white or off-white in young mushrooms; as it matures, the fruit body becomes gray, steel, matte with a dense skin. After the mushroom ripens, a small hole with a ragged edge appears at the top of the mushroom, which is intended for the spread of spores. The pulp of the mushroom is white at first, later becomes grayish, odorless.

The season for the collection of lead-gray flap lasts from June to September (mass fruiting is observed at the end of July and lasts until mid-September). The fungus grows on sandy soil, in woodlands, on roadsides, forest glades and meadows, singly or in small groups.

Edible mushroom, young specimens with a light fruiting body and white pulp are used for food.

Blackening flap (Bovista nigrescens)

The fruit body is spherical or flattened, without a stem, 3-6 cm in diameter. Young mushrooms are white, gradually acquiring a yellowish tint. After the spores mature and the outer shell breaks open to discard them, the fungus turns almost black. The flesh of young specimens is white, darkens as the fungus grows.

The beginning of growth of this species is observed from the beginning of June and lasts until the second half of September. The fungus grows in various types of forests, as well as in meadows, along roads, on rich soils.

Young mushrooms are edible, of low quality.

(porfirellus)

✎ Affiliation and generic features

Porphyry, or porphyrellus (lat.Porphyrellus) is a genus of mushrooms, consisting of the families: boletus (boletus) (lat.boletaceae) and pineapple mushrooms (lat.strobilomycetaceae) of the order of boletus (lat.boletales).
Porphyry was named for its individual, porphyry ("porphyreos" from Greek means purple, crimson, brown) color of the cap and red-brown color of spore powder.
Among the people, mushrooms of the genus Porphyry are usually called drillers, from the word brown, regardless of their species. All of them belong to such mushrooms that differ in the color change of the tubules of the spore-bearing layer (hymenophore), when pressed on them, from pink-gray-yellow to dark blue-green; a change in the color of the flesh on the cut from white and pale brown to bluish, greenish, reddish, or almost black, while emitting a peculiar unpleasant odor, which is why porphyry mushrooms are usually classified as conditionally edible.
Despite the fact that the porphyry genus is not at all small (it has about 30 species), nevertheless, it has been little studied so far, therefore, only 2 of them are considered the most famous and interesting mushroom pickers, and these are:

• red spore porphyry (chocolate);
• pseudo-birch porphyry (driller).

Red-spore porphyry ("chocolate") (Latin Porphyrellus porphyrosporus) is a very rare species, not everyone can find it in the forest.
Pseudo-birch porphyry ("driller") (lat. Porphyrellus pseudoscaber) is an entirely rare species, listed in the Red Book of Russia and protected by the State, whose discovery in the wild can generally be considered a success.

✎ Similar species and nutritional value

Porphyry mushrooms are quite unique mushrooms, and if you manage to find them, it will be very difficult to confuse them with some other (inedible and poisonous mushrooms).
Porphyry can be confused, perhaps, only with edible boletus, which they look like.But the confusion is absolutely not terrible (if you do not take into account their belonging to nature conservation species, which cannot be collected).
Porphyry mushrooms are excellent mushrooms, according to their taste and consumer value, they all belong to the conditionally edible mushrooms of the second category. Perhaps their only drawback is a very unpleasant smell of raw pulp, which, however, leaves without a trace after boiling or drying.

✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality

Porphyry, as noted, are extremely rare mushrooms and therefore there is no need to talk about the places of their special collection, although occasionally they appear somewhere in the world, delighting some lucky lucky ones with their presence.
Porphyry species are found in the mixed forests of North America and Europe (in the Baltics: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), in the Ukraine and the Russian Far East (in the Primorsky Territory), or even in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, but selectively.
Porphyry species live in the Krasnodar Territory and the Kaliningrad and Sakhalin Regions, in the Caucasian, Ussuriysk and Sikhote-Alin State Reserves, more often in coniferous or mixed forests, less often in deciduous, alone and in small groups, from August to October.

✎ Brief description and application

Porphyry belongs to the category of tubular fungi. The tubular layer is pink-gray-yellow. The hats are matte and pillow-like, velvety to the touch, and sometimes crack. The color of the legs and caps ranges from bright brown to any shade of brown. The legs are often smooth, but sometimes they become scaly-ribbed and their shape directly depends on the growing conditions, from which they can be elongated (in mushrooms growing in low or damp places); short and thick (in mushrooms growing in dry places). The pulp, like that of similar paints, at a young age is dense, elastic, at a mature age, dense in the cap of the fruit, loose in the stem, white or pale yellowish-brownish in color, and changes it in the air (darkens).

Porphyry should be eaten after boiling or drying to remove unpleasant odors. They can be fried, used in soups, salted and pickled.