Grifole branched

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Bibliography

1. Wang Linli. Pharmaceutical properties of umbrella tinder fungus and its use in clinical practice // Medical Science of China. 2000.9 (10): 58-59.
2. Wang Sha Yan. The effect of a decoction of the umbrella tinder fungus on mice suffering from kidney stones // Chinese Journal of Eugenics and Genetics. 2005.13 (10): 39-40.
3. Gou Xianjun, Zhang Weili, Huang Yuxia. Successes in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B poliosis of the umbrella tinder fungus // Chinese Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2005.11 (5): 680-681.
4. Liu Bo. Chinese medicinal mushrooms. Shanxi: Science and Technology, 1978.
5. Ma Xiaohong, Hao Guilan. Therapeutic efficacy of polyosis of the umbrella tinder fungus against chronic hepatitis B // Profession and health. 2005.21 (2): 300-301.
6. Xujintang Chinese medicinal mushroom science. Beijing: Soyuz Publishing House of Peking Medical University and Sehe of China Medical University, 1997.
7. Xiao Linrong, Lin Li, Yang Rui Ying and others. Mushrooms and herbs. Beijing: China Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2003.
8. Tian GuanYan, Li Taiyuan. Comparative study of the effect of poliosis, extracted from sclerotium and mycelium of the umbrella tinder fungus, on the mass of immunocompetent organs in mice // Agronomic Bulletin of Yanbian University 2005, 27 (2): 83-86.
9. Qun Shijian, Zeng Qingbo, Xie Guiquan. Experimental studies on the influence of the umbrella tinder fungus on the blood chemorheology of a large mouse affected by nephritis // Chinese Practical Journal of Eastern and Western Medicine. 2004, 4 (17): 1580-1582.%
10. Yao Rennan, Huang Xiaojing, Xu Kailin. The impact of polyosis of the umbrella tinder fungus on cancer cells HL-60 and K562 // Shandun medicament. 2005, 45 (14): 26-27.

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Photos of Umbelliferous Polyporus (Polyporus umbellatus)

Systematics:

• Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Incertae sedis (undefined)
• Order: Polyporales
• Family: Polyporaceae
• Genus: Polyporus (Polyporus)
• View: Polyporus umbellatus (Tinder fungus)

Other names for the mushroom:

Synonyms:

Branched polypore is an original bushy mushroom. The branched polypore belongs to the polyporous family. The fungus is found in the European part of Russia, in Siberia and even in the Polar Urals, it was found in North America, as well as in the forests of Western Europe.

Fruit body - numerous legs, which are connected at the bottom into one base, and caps.

Hat

the mushroom has a slightly wavy surface, in the center there is a small depression. Some specimens have small scales on the surface of the cap. A group of mushrooms forms one settlement, in which there can be up to 200 or more individual specimens.

On the lower part of the cap, there are numerous tubes, the pores of which reach 1-1.5 mm in size.

Pulp

the tinder fungus has an umbrella white color, has a very pleasant smell (you can feel the aroma of dill).

Cylindrical leg

the mushroom is divided into several branches, at the top of each there is a cap. The legs are soft, very thin. Usually, the legs of the mushrooms are combined into a single base.

Controversy

have a white or cream color and a cylinder shape. The hymenophore is tubular, like all polypores, descending far along the leg. The tubes are small, short, and white.

The branched polypore usually grows at the bases of deciduous trees, prefers maple, linden, oaks. It is rare. Season: July-early November. The peak is in August-September. Favorite locations of griffins are tree roots (prefers oak, maple), dead wood, stumps, as well as decaying forest litter.

It is a saprotroph.

Similar to the polypore, the umbrella mushroom is or, as it is also popularly called, the ram mushroom. But the latter has lateral legs, and the cap also has the shape of a fan.

Umbelliferous griffin is a rare species of polyporous fungi. Listed in the Red Book. Protection is required as populations disappear (deforestation, logging).

It is an edible mushroom with good taste. The pulp of the mushroom is very soft, tender, has a pleasant taste (but only in young mushrooms). Old mushrooms (fully ripe) have a pungent and unpleasant odor.

LATIN NAME:

Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr .; Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat; Sderotium giganteum Rostr.

RUSSIAN NAME:

CHINESE NAME:

Wild zhuling, tench on pig feces, tench on chicken feces, pink zhulin

TAXONOMIC POSITION:

1. Class: Basidiomycetes
2. Order: Aphyllophorales
3. Family: Polyporaceae

MEDICINAL RAW MATERIALS: Sclerotia

Apuntes imprescindibles sobre el Polyporus, el hongo del drenaje linfático

Desde hace aproximadamente más de 1,000 años, este hongo se ha aplicado como antibiótico en la medicina tradicional china. El famoso Otzi, el hombre de hielo encontrado momificado en un glaciar del Tirol austríaco, portaba dos tipos de hongos políporos. Se sospecha que los usaba para protegerse de las infecciones.

El Polyporus es un hongo comestible que crece en grandes grupos alrededor de zonas arboladas de Europa y Asia. Aunque sus cualidades medicinales se han constatado en los primeros documentos médicos orientales, no es un alimento muy apreciado. Nutricionalmente, aparte de su contenido proteico, destaca por su relativa abundancia en cobre y zinc.

Referencias

1. Tan XL, Guo L, Wang GH. Polyporus umbellatus inhibited tumor cell proliferation and promoted tumor cell apoptosis by down-regulating AKT in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Oct; 83: 526-535. PubMed PMID: 27447121.
2. Zhang GW, Qin GF, Han B, Li CX, Yang HG, et al. Efficacy of Zhuling polyporus polysaccharide with BCG to inhibit bladder carcinoma. Carbohydr Polym. 2015 Mar 15; 118: 30-5. PubMed PMID: 25542103.
3. Yoon JJ, Lee YJ, Lee SM, Kang DG, Lee HS. Oryeongsan suppressed high glucose-induced mesangial fibrosis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Feb 22; 15:30. PubMed PMID: 25880429; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4354744.
4. Zhao YY. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers) Fries: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Aug 26; 149 (1): 35-48. PubMed PMID: 23811047.
5. Hun Son K, Young Heo M. Inhibitory effects of Korean indigenous plants on tyrosinase and melanogenesis. J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Mar-Apr; 64 (2): 145-58. PubMed PMID: 23578837.
6. Zhao YY, Zhang L, Long FY, Cheng XL, Bai X, et al. UPLC-Q-TOF / HSMS / MS (E) -based metabonomics for adenine-induced changes in metabolic profiles of rat faeces and intervention effects of ergosta-4,6,8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Jan 25; 201 (1-3): 31-8. PubMed PMID: 23246428.
7. Sun Y, Liang X, Zhao Y, Fan J. A sensitive spectrofluorometric method for determination of ergosta-4,6,8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one in rat plasma, feces, and urine for application to pharmacokinetic studies using cerium (III) as a probe. Appl Spectrosc. 2013 Jan; 67 (1): 106-11. PubMed PMID: 23317677.
8. Dai H, Han XQ, Gong FY, Dong H, Tu PF, et al. Structure elucidation and immunological function analysis of a novel β-glucan from the fruit bodies of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers) Fries. Glycobiology. 2012 Dec; 22 (12): 1673-83. PubMed PMID: 22717313.
9. Zhao YY, Zhang L, Mao JR, Cheng XH, Lin RC, et al. Ergosta-4,6,8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one isolated from Polyporus umbellatus prevents early renal injury in aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011 Dec; 63 (12): 1581-6. PubMed PMID: 22060289.
10. Li X, Xu W. TLR4-mediated activation of macrophages by the polysaccharide fraction from Polyporus umbellatus (pers) Fries. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Apr 26; 135 (1): 1-6. PubMed PMID: 20600759.
11. Zhang G, Zeng X, Li C, Li J, Huang Y, et al. Inhibition of urinary bladder carcinogenesis by aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus fries and polyporus polysaccharide. Am J Chin Med. 2011; 39 (1): 135-44. PubMed PMID: 21213404.
12. Zhao YY, Qin XY, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Sun WJ, et al. Quantitative HPLC method and pharmacokinetic studies of ergosta-4,6,8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one, a natural product with diuretic activity from Polyporus umbellatus. Biomed Chromatogr. 2010 Oct; 24 (10): 1120-4. PubMed PMID: 20853466.
13. Li X, Xu W, Chen J. Polysaccharide purified from Polyporus umbellatus (Per) Fr induces the activation and maturation of murine bone-derived dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4. Cell Immunol. 2010; 265 (1): 50-6. PubMed PMID: 20673883.
14. Zhang G, Zeng X, Han L, Wei JA, Huang H. Diuretic activity and kidney medulla AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, V2R expression of the aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus FRIES in normal rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 24; 128 (2): 433-7. PubMed PMID: 20083182.
15. Zhao YY, Xie RM, Chao X, Zhang Y, Lin RC, et al. Bioactivity-directed isolation, identification of diuretic compounds from Polyporus umbellatus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Oct 29; 126 (1): 184-7. PubMed PMID: 19665537.
16. Xiong LL. ... Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1993 Sep; 13 (9): 533-5, 516-7. PubMed PMID: 8111209.

Methods for growing umbrella tinder fungus.

The cultivation of these mushrooms is carried out mainly in two ways:

Method one. Polypores can be grown in rooms in which special conditions are observed: the air humidity must exceed 80%, the temperature must be maintained around 20 degrees, in addition, it is necessary to provide natural light and constant air circulation.

A mixture of various solid residues is used as a substrate, for example, corn cobs, bark, shavings, small branches, sawdust, reeds, and so on. The substrate is poured with boiling water. When the mixture has cooled to room temperature, mycelium is added to it, at the rate of 100 grams per 35 kilograms. The mixture is placed in transparent plastic bags. Several holes are made in the bags to allow air ventilation.

Method two. Also, umbrella tinder fungi can be grown in natural conditions. In this case, the harvest is expected after 4 months. As a substrate, wooden blocks and hemp are used. The substrate is soaked in water for 4 days. The bars are filed and mycelium is poured into them. For 35 kilograms of substrate, there are 100 grams of mycelium. The bars are placed in shaded areas. Disembarkation can be carried out at any time of the year. Under optimal conditions, fruiting begins, which occurs about 5 times a year.

Similar species.

Tinder fungus is a similar species. It is also popularly called the ram mushroom. The ram mushroom is distinguished by a darker color of hats. This tinder fungus looks like a bushy growth. The fruiting body consists of distinct “legs” that turn into “caps”. The color of the fruiting body can be gray-pink or gray-green. The pulp is brittle, white. The pulp has a very pleasant smell and taste - nutty.

Tinder fungus, like its relative, the umbrella tinder fungus, is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. These mushrooms are not found every year. They grow on the stumps of oaks and maples, and are also found at the bases of living trees. Fruiting occurs from August to September.

Growing methods

The umbrella tinder fungus is grown mainly in two ways:

1. To grow tinder fungus in this way, it is necessary to maintain the following conditions: relative humidity in the room more than 80%, air temperature 20 ± 2 ° C, constant air circulation and natural change of lighting. The substrate for the growth of the fungus is a mixture of various solid plant residues (shavings, bark, corn cobs, sawdust, small branches, reeds, etc.), which are filled with boiling water. After the mixture has cooled to room temperature, it is well squeezed out and mixed with mycelium at the rate of 100 g of mycelium per 35 kg of substrate. The resulting mixture is laid out in transparent plastic bags, tied, several small holes are made for ventilation and placed in a specially prepared room. After the first shoots appear, incisions are made in the bag to release the mushrooms. The first wave of seedlings should be expected 30-40 days after planting.
2. Cultivation takes place in natural conditions. The observed effect of this method should be expected no earlier than 4 months after the planting of the mycelium. The substrate is hemp, wooden blocks. For 100 g of mycelium, 35 kg of substrate are taken. The prepared substrate is soaked in water for 3-4 days. In the bars, cuts are made or holes are drilled, which are filled with mycelium (100 g of mycelium per 35 kg of wood), then covered with leaves or pieces of bark. Bars with mushroom are placed in a shady place, sometimes dripping a little. Watering is recommended during dry times. Disembarkation can be carried out at any time of the year. Fruiting begins under optimal environmental conditions and occurs 4-5 times a year.

Tinder fungus (Polyporus pit, Lentinus arcularius) what it looks like, where and how it grows, edible

Polyporus pit (Polyporus pit): photo and description, use

Polyporous polypore, aka polyporus pit, is considered a representative of the Polyporovye family, the genus Sawfoot. In addition to these names, it has others: polyporus or casket-shaped tinder fungus, decorated polyporus, vase-like tinder fungus, vaulted tinder fungus.

Description of pitted tinder fungus

The mushroom has no pronounced taste

This specimen is a small fruiting body in the form of a cap and a leg. The characteristic feature is that the surface is covered with very small hairs and scales. Spore powder of cream color.

The spores are cylindrical, smooth. The flesh is white or cream colored, thin and rather tough. When ripe, the color does not change. It emits a faint mushroom smell. Separate reference books indicate that the aroma is not pronounced.

Description of the hat

there are no toxic twins in the pit tinder fungus

The size of the cap can vary from 1 to 4 cm, not often up to 8 cm. Covered with paint in shades of brown. At the initial stage of development, it is convex, after which it acquires a flat shape or slightly depressed. The surface is dry, covered with very small scales and hairs of a golden brown tone. The hymenophore is descending, porous, white at a young age, after which it gradually turns brown.The pores are radial, angular or hexagonal, with fine finely toothed edges, no more than 2 mm across.

Leg description

The leg can be positioned centrally or slightly shifted

Polyporus casket has an ideal, dry stem up to 6 cm long and up to 4 mm wide. The color may be the same as the hat or slightly different. In the most different cases, its color can vary from yellow to brown. The surface is covered with very small hairs and scales.

Where and how it grows

Pit polyporus is considered a very common variation that can be found literally in every corner of the world. It grows only on hardwoods, causing white rot. Active fruiting occurs in spring and summer. Occurs both one at a time and in groups.

Eat a mushroom or not

The mushroom belongs to the category of conditionally edible mushrooms. Some sources attribute this species to inedible because of its especially thin cap and stiff legs in adulthood. However, the opinions of experts agree that this specimen does not contain toxic substances. The species in question is known to be edible in Hong Kong, Nepal, New Guinea and Peru.

Doubles and their differences

Pit tinder fungus has similarities in appearance with such gifts of the forest:

1. The changeable tinder fungus is an inedible specimen. It is similar to the fungus in question with very small fruiting bodies. So, the size of the double's hat is no more than five centimeters in diameter. However, you can distinguish the changeable tinder fungus from the pitted one by the flat surface of the cap and the leg of a darker color.
2. Cellular polypore - refers to inedible mushrooms. The fruit body has a fan-shaped, oval or semicircular shape. A barely perceptible leg is considered a characteristic feature, because its length is no more than 1 cm.
3. Winter tinder fungus is inedible. Basically, the fruit body of the twin is slightly larger. Also, the color of the fruit is darker.

Using the pit tinder fungus

As everyone knows, many tinder fungi are used in homeopathy and for the production of dietary supplements. This number includes this kind of mushroom.

Conclusion

Tinder fungus is a small mushroom that can be found on trees in deciduous or mixed forests. As for edibility, this question is rather ambiguous: some reference books attribute to it the category of conditionally edible mushrooms, others - inedible. However, judging by the smaller size of the fruit bodies and the unexpressed taste, it should be considered that this species has no nutritional value.

Morphological features

Annual basidiomas, formed from underground sclerotia, reach 50 cm in diameter. They consist of numerous (up to 100) branched, bearing small caps, clearly visible, white legs, connected at the base into a common tuberous stump. The individual caps are fibrous-fleshy, rounded, slightly convex, flat or with a small depression in the center, wavy, small, 10-40 mm in diameter, with a solid or lobed edge that curls inward when dry. The surface of the caps is light ocher or brownish, smooth, naked, less often finely scaly or indistinctly radially streaky, wrinkled when dry. The pulp is white, dense, fleshy, fibrous, with a characteristic dill odor. White tubules, very short, running low on the stem, up to 2 mm in length.

The surface of the hymenophore is white, cream or yellowish. The pores are at first irregularly rounded, then polygonal, in old age with fringed edges, on the cap on average 1-2 (3) per 1 mm. The stump at the base of the basidioma is thick, up to 30 mm in diameter, thinning towards the caps, repeatedly branched into smaller and thinner central legs, white, creamy and yellowish in color. The hyphae system is dimitic. Generative hyphae are hyaline, with thin or slightly thickened walls, varying diameter, numerous buckles, up to 9 (12) µm in diameter. Connecting hyphae are observed only in tubules, thick-walled to solid, densely branching, hyaline, up to 15 µm in diameter. Basidia are clavate, 2- or 4-spore, 25-40 × 5-8 μm.Spores are cylindrical or fusiform, obliquely drawn at the base, hyaline, 7-10x (2.5) 3-4 microns, often with fat droplets.

The sclerotium is underground, truffle-shaped, the dimensions reach 25-40 × 30-100 mm, dense. The surface of the sclerotia is purplish black with numerous sinuous folds, wrinkles and swellings. Internal tissues of sclerotia are white or light brown, cork-like, elastic. When dry, the sclerotia becomes hard, woody.