White-legged boletus (Leccinum albostipitatum) photo and description

"False boletus"

As mentioned above, redheads have no false poisonous counterparts. However, some of the boletus boletus, the appearance of which is more reminiscent of the boletus, can under certain conditions be confused with the bile fungus.

You can find a gall fungus in forests where there is a birch or pine - it is with these trees that the "false boletus" prefers to enter into symbiosis. It looks very attractive from the point of view of a mushroom picker - a kind of light brown, somewhat reminiscent of boletus. However, a dark pattern on the leg gives out a vicious essence (for the same boletus, the opposite is true - a light mesh on a darker background). Another distinguishing feature is the pores on the underside of the cap... Usually they are quite light, but with age they become reddish-brown, the same is observed on the cut.

The gall fungus is not poisonous (despite the assurances of some amateurish sources), but it is not without reason that it bears the second name - gorchak. It is extremely inedible due to the special substances contained in the pulp. Interestingly, if the mushroom gets into the dish, after cooking, the unpleasant taste does not evaporate, but on the contrary, it only intensifies. The gall fungus is described in more detail in the article about the birch trees.

Another representative of the mushroom kingdom, which theoretically can be confused with some aspen mushrooms, is a pepper mushroom.

Unlike the previous mushroom, it can hardly be called inedible. The fact that it is sharp to the point of impossibility is yes. However, in small quantities it can be used as a seasoning, and it is a fairly high-quality alternative to pepper.

The pepper fungus is usually found under coniferous trees, and is widespread throughout the northern temperate zone. You can also read more about it in the article about birch trees.

The hymenophore is the lower spore-bearing side of the cap, consisting of plates, tubes or needles.
Mycorrhiza is scientifically called the union of a fungus and some higher plant, for example, a tree. The essence of this symbiotic union is that the mycelium entangles the root of the plant and penetrates into it. Further, a mutually beneficial exchange takes place between the fungus and the plant: the former provides water and minerals in excess - much more than the plant could extract from the soil. It does not remain in debt and supplies the mushroom with valuable organic substances - carbohydrates, amino acids, etc.
Mycology is the science that studies mushrooms.

Boletus white (Latin Leccinum percandidum)

Name Boletus is white.Latin name: Leccinum percandidum.Other names: White aspen.Department: Basidiomycota.Class: Agaricomycetes.Order: Boletovye.Family: Boletovye.Genus: Leccinum.
The species is listed in the Red Book.
Edible mushroom.

Leg

51-250 mm high, 14-51 mm thick, cylindrical, without cavities, solid, often thickened at the base, white with uniformly growing scales, usually the same color, which become brownish or grayish as the fungus matures.

Hat

41-152 mm in diameter, in young fruiting bodies hemispherical, later cushion. The skin is whitish in color, slightly hanging over the tubular layer, having pink or greenish light shades, later it becomes light yellow. The surface is slightly velvety or bare.

Hymenophore

Notched, or slightly adherent, whitish or yellowish, gray in old mushrooms. The pores are small, the tubes turn slightly pink when damaged.

Pulp

Dense, white, often blue-green at the base of the peduncle.When damaged, it turns blue, then oxidizes to black. Has a pleasant mushroom smell and taste.

Ocher brown.

Habitat

It grows in forests with a mixed stand, adjacent to both pines and aspens. Prefers moist and shady areas of the forest. According to some reports, it can bear fruit in large groups.

The nutritional value

Suitable for cooking in various ways, as it has good nutritional properties. But do not forget that this species is listed in the "Red Book" and needs to be preserved.

Edible mushroom very similar to boletus

The genus Leccinum includes a considerable number of mushrooms, among which there are not only boletus, but also boletus. It is one of the types of boletus, and specifically harsh birch (Leccinum duriusculum) in many ways is very similar to the boletus. This mushroom forms mycorrhiza with aspens and poplars, has a dense structure of pulp, which darkens on the cut, there are often bluish spots at the base of its legs, and in general its appearance resembles a typical boletus.

Have you noticed how much these mushrooms have in common? Well, now it's worth mentioning the differences. The first thing that catches your eye is the hat, in the harsh boletus it is gray-brown or brown, only spruce or oak aspen boletus can have similar colors. On a cut, the flesh of a boletus does not darken immediately, initially it acquires a reddish tint and only later becomes almost black.

The harsh boletus is rarely wormy. This is associated primarily with its dense pulp. He has the greatest resemblance to the boletus at a young age, when his hat has not yet opened. In terms of nutritional value, this boletus is not inferior to boletus.

Well, my story about the boletus can be considered complete. I tried to reflect in the article the most complete information about these wonderful mushrooms, using personal knowledge, books and the Internet. I hope you found it interesting!

How to distinguish between different types of boletus

Red boletus

The red boletus (Leccinum aurantiacum), which grows mainly under the aspen and birch, is considered to be the classic representative of the boletus. This species has a very expressive appearance. In particular, a noticeable (though not poisonous-bright) red-orange or brick-colored hat. And also a leg covered with white or grayish scales.

Redhead oak

The boletus, or redhead, oak (Leccinum quercinum), which forms mycorrhiza with oak and grows in the corresponding forests, looks no less representative. Its velvety red-brick (closer to brown) cap sits on a leg covered with soft brown scales.

Black-scaly boletus mushroom

A similar appearance, but with darker, almost black, scales on the leg, is also characteristic of the black-scaly boletus (Leccinum atrostipiatum). However, this mushroom is much less common and, as a rule, is mistaken for a similar species of boletus.

Yellow-brown boletus mushroom

Yellow-brown boletus (Leccinum versipelle) differs from the listed species in a brighter cap color (from yellow-gray to light orange). And also those that prefers moist soil of mixed spruce-birch (birch-aspen) forests. There he often grows next to ferns. In damp places, only in the vicinity of spruce and much less often, there is also a boletus, or redhead, spruce (Leccinum piceinum) with an orange-brown cap.

Less common types

Pine redhead (Leccinum vulpinum), white boletus (Leccinum percandidum) and colored-footed boletus (Tylopilus chromapes) are uncharacteristic for other aspen mushrooms. The first has a cap of an “unnatural” dark crimson color, which is especially pronounced in adult mushrooms, and a “velvety” leg densely covered with brown scales.

It grows in coniferous forests, especially on mosses.Pine boletus is considered a rather rare species, but mushroom pickers claim that its fruiting depends largely on suitable weather conditions. The white boletus (Leccinum percandidum) is characterized by a completely "incredible" white color of the cap and leg for the boletus, which does not change with age. This species can be found more often in deciduous and mixed forests in the north, in Siberia and in the tundra. By the way, it usually grows in the neighborhood of dwarf birches.

Typical signs of these mushrooms

Some mushroom pickers, by the way, argue that the surface of the cap of this boletus in wet weather becomes sticky to the touch, and that it has a snow-white color only in the shade. And in more illuminated places it can take on a grayish or pinkish tint. Colored-legged boletus, oddly enough, for its typical appearance is also referred to as boletus. But he is not included in the Obabok genus. A distinctive feature of this mushroom is the color of the leg - a white-pink tint in its upper part smoothly turns into an expressive ocher-yellow at the base. The caps of young colored-legged boletus boletuses have the usual convex shape, but in adult specimens they are slightly flattened, and are colored, albeit dark, but nevertheless closer to pink, in color.

A typical property of most boletus boletus is the color change on the cut. Initially white, it turns slightly pink, then takes on a gray or purple hue. Black spots also appear on the sponge and on the legs from touch. A completely different picture is observed on the cut of colored-legged and pine boletus. The white flesh of the former does not change color at all. But at the base of the leg it has a distinct buffy-yellow spot. And in the second, the color of the cap on the break also does not change, the spongy layer turns red from pressure. In this case, the leg is colored at the base in olive, and closer to the center - in a red tint.

Boletus red

The most elegant boletus. In all senses, the redhead - for it has a bright red cap, the color of which can vary towards gray-red or yellow-red - depending on the forest in which it grows. The hymenophore is white, with age it changes color to brownish-gray with an olive or yellowish tint. The leg is snow-white with a pattern of dark specks. The pulp is white, turns blue on the cut, then turns black.

Quite a large mushroom - it can grow up to 30 cm in diameter, but usually its cap is two times smaller.

Despite the fact that it is called aspen - it is found not only under aspens, but also under other deciduous trees.

It is able to form mycorrhiza with aspen, poplar, birch, oak, beech and even willow. Due to such promiscuity, it is widely distributed throughout the forest zone of the continent. Common, and sometimes very abundant in mixed and deciduous forests. Definitely prefers young trees to old ones, especially in small aspen forests. In large forests he likes to settle on the sides of roads, on the outskirts of meadows, forest edges.

This redhead is found even in the Far North - in the tundra, where it is found among dwarf trees and is often higher than its symbionts.

The fruiting season of the red boletus is usually expressed in three layers. The first layer - from late June to early July, is usually the least abundant. The second - in the middle of July, at this time noticeably more mushrooms appear. The third layer is the richest in yield. And it lasts much longer than the two previous layers - from mid-August to mid-September, and in some years during this period a lot of mushrooms are collected. Fruiting can also be observed between the layers - usually single, but in rainy summers this can be more noticeable. Also, sometimes redheads appear in October - when weather conditions contribute.

It is very interesting that the color of the red cap boletus depends on the trees with which it enters into symbiosis. So - in poplar groves it has a grayish tint, in an aspen forest - the most aesthetic dark red, in other places - orange (see.photo captioning the article) or even yellow, with a slight reddish tint.

Why does the boletus turn blue (darken) at the cut?

The transformation of the white flesh of the boletus into blue-violet on the cut occurs as a result of the oxidation process, which consists in the interaction of oxygen with the substances contained in the mushroom. Similar reactions are also typical for fruits and some vegetables, for example, if you cut an apple, then after a while its pulp will acquire a brownish tint. This answer will be enough if you do not want to go into the details of chemical reactions. Still, I would like to receive more detailed information on this issue.

After reading various literature, you can find out that the boletus contains a certain pigment - variegated acid. The composition of this pigment includes substances of the phenolic group, which, when interacting with oxygen, are oxidized to the quinomethide anion, which has just a blue color, which is the very reason for the appearance of a violet-blue color on the cut of boletus pulp. It is worth noting that in its pure form, variegated acid does not acquire a blue color so quickly, and therefore, in addition to the effect of oxygen, the enzymes contained in the pulp of the mushroom also have an effect, they accelerate the process of its darkening on the cut.

White boletus: in the red book or not, description and photo

But for more interesting mushroom hunting, it will not hurt to know the differences and individual characteristics of the varieties of these mushrooms: The diameter of the cap ranges from 4 to 15 cm, sometimes up to 30 cm.

The leg grows up to cm and has a thickness of 1.5 to 5 cm. The color of the cap of the boletus can be red, red-brown or bright red. The skin is smooth or slightly velvety, tight to the flesh. The surface of the stem consists of gray-white scales that turn brown as the fungus grows.

On the cut, the red boletus turns blue and then turns black. Mushrooms grow in groups or singly in deciduous and mixed forests, especially abundantly in young growth of aspen, as well as along ditches and forest paths. The red boletus is common throughout the Eurasian territory; in the tundra it grows under dwarf birches.

The boletus harvest season is from June to October. Aspen grows in low-lying forest belts with a predominance of birch and aspen, in spruce-birch forests, as well as in pine forests in all areas with a temperate climate. The diameter of the cap is usually cm, but can go up to 25 cm.

White Boletus (Leccinum percandidum)

The leg of the yellow-brown boletus is high, up to cm, about cm thick. The cap is painted in sandy-orange or yellowish-brown color.

The dry skin of young mushrooms often hangs from the edge of the cap. The leg is white or grayish, covered with granular brown scales, which turn black with age. Most often it grows singly.

The cut boletus flesh turns pink, then blue, with a clear purple tint, sometimes turns green in the leg. Boletus gathering time is from June to September.

Components

Sometimes red-brown boletus grows until the end of autumn. The cap of a young mushroom is white, turns grayish-brown with age, often reaches cm in diameter. It acts as a rare mushroom, but very rarely appears in large groups. White boletus is recommended for consumption by those who suffer from inflammatory diseases and anemia. He also takes part in the healing of wounds and the restoration of the body after the transferred infectious diseases.

However, if you have kidney or liver problems, it is best not to eat this mushroom. It is worth noting that old individuals can provoke poisoning. This mushroom should not be given to children, and long-term storage in the refrigerator should also be avoided - in this case, it loses its beneficial properties and ages quickly, which in any case poses a danger to people.

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Taxonomy on Wikisource. Images at Wikimedia Commons.Boletus white lat. Leccinum percandidum is an edible mushroom of the genus Leccinum Obabok lat.

A tubular layer with a finely porous surface, whitish or yellowish, gray or gray-brown in old fungi. The flesh is strong, white, often blue-green at the base of the stem.

Description of white boletus

On the cut, it quickly turns blue, then turns black, turns purple in the leg. Spore powder, ocher brown. It is found in pine forests with an admixture of spruce and other trees, in humid places, in dry weather it grows in shady aspen forests.

According to other sources - in birch, aspen or coniferous forests with an admixture of birch. Rare enough, but sometimes appears very abundantly.

An edible mushroom, used like other aspen mushrooms, freshly boiled and fried, dried and pickled.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The current version of the page has not yet been reviewed by experienced contributors and may differ significantly from the version reviewed on March 15; checks require 2 edits.

Twin mushrooms

Some mushroom lovers are afraid of poisoning with false boletus. Others generally doubt that false boletuses are in reality. Which one is right? Such a species does not really exist. All boletus "twins" are edible and pose no health hazard. Let's see how this mushroom differs from each of them.

Collecting aspen mushrooms is not difficult, because they grow in "families" and, having seen one, you can collect, if you're lucky, a whole "cart" at once. You need to cut off at the base so as not to damage the mycelium. You should not take only old mushrooms, as they will have time to deteriorate before the mushroom picker brings them home.

Some housewives have a question about what to do with blue mushrooms that differ from the boletus they saw in the photographs? After collecting the boletus, you need to immediately process and cook! If the mushrooms have lain for more than two days, even in the refrigerator, such specimens can only be thrown away. If you plan to cook them for salting, pickling or frying, they must be washed first, then cleaned and removed from possible worm damage, and then boiled in two waters. For drying, do not wash, but be sure to clean, best of all with a brush. Small fruiting bodies are well marinated or salted, strongly grown - preferably fried, stewed or dried. Mushrooms have excellent taste, go well with other products, in particular potatoes, buckwheat and rice. Good in soups and salads. You can "roll" mushroom caviar.

Boletus in the forest

Boletus yellow-brown

It is considered the largest of the boletus boletus. In some adult specimens, the size of the cap reaches thirty centimeters in diameter! He has a yellow-brown hemispherical cap and a white leg covered with black-brown scales. This mushroom grows in mixed forests, where birch and spruce prevail in addition to aspens. Stony, sandy or peaty soil is more favorable for it. A distinctive feature of this boletus is that it has a dense, white flesh at the break turns pink, and then becomes purple. The yellow-brown boletus appears in June and grows until October.

Boletus yellow-brown

Boletus red

Most often grows in aspen forests from June to October. It has a red or brownish-red cap with white, dense flesh, which becomes purple at the break, and later almost black. The leg of the mushroom is white with almost the same scales.

Boletus red

Boletus white

It is found in mixed forests where birch, aspen, and pine grow. It appears in late summer and autumn. This mushroom has a white cap and the same white stem. At the break, the flesh turns pink, and later becomes black-brown.

Boletus white

Boletus oak

possesses a velvety red-brick cap. It grows in mixed forests dominated by aspen and oak trees. All boletus boletuses love forest edges, glades, damp places. Aspen mushrooms grow in shady places, hiding under fern leaves. Aspen mushrooms grow very quickly, but just as quickly and deteriorate.Therefore, they collect young mushrooms, which are called brisket. In young boletus boletuses, the cap looks like a thimble, which is put on a finger. Old aspen mushrooms, even if they are not wormy, are bypassed, since they may start to deteriorate while still in the basket.

Boletus oak

Moreover, mushrooms strongly absorb harmful substances, especially radioactive ones, both from the soil and from the air.

Chess Boletus

An alternative name is black boletus. This mushroom can no longer be called a redhead - it looks more like a boletus or even an oil can (at a very young age), but it does not look like boletus at all. But with the inedible bile fungus, it has some, and at times - quite a tangible similarity. The surest distinguishing feature is the taste of the pulp, it should not be bitter. Also, the mature fruiting bodies of the checkerboard birch often have a cracked cap surface.

Mycorrhiza forms with broad-leaved trees, most often with oak and beech, found in southern Europe. Fruiting from June to September.

In some sources, this mushroom is referred to as a chess boletus (it is also described in the corresponding article about boletus). Naturally - a natural question arises - which name is correct? Considering that neither aspen nor birch are on the list of the main preferences of this specimen of forest flora, it should be called a checkerboard. And in the scientific world they adhere to this option.

Pine Boletus (Leccinum vulpinum)

Hat:
The pine boletus has a red-brown cap, a characteristic unnatural "dark crimson" color, which is especially evident in adult mushrooms. In young specimens, the cap is worn flush on the leg; it naturally opens with age, acquiring a hammered cushion shape. As with the base model, the size of the hat can be very large, 8-15 cm in diameter (in a good year, you can find a hat and larger). The skin is velvety, dry. Dense white pulp without a special smell and taste on the cut quickly turns blue, then blackens. A characteristic feature - like the oak variety of the aspen (Leccinum quercinum), the flesh can darken in places without waiting for the cut.

Spore-bearing layer:
In youth, it is white, then grayish-cream, when pressed, it turns red.

Spore powder:
Yellow-brown.

Leg:
Up to 15 cm long, up to 5 cm in diameter, solid, cylindrical, thickened towards the bottom, white, sometimes greenish at the base, deeply sinking into the ground, covered with longitudinal fibrous brown scales, making it velvety to the touch.

Spreading:
Pine boletus occurs from June to early October in coniferous and mixed forests, forming mycorrhiza strictly with pine. It bears fruit especially abundantly (and looks spectacular) in mosses. There are very different information about the prevalence of this type of information: someone claims that Leccinum vulpinum is much less common than red boletus (Leccinum aurantiacum), someone, on the contrary, believes that there are quite a lot of pine boletuses in season too, just when collection is not always distinguished from the basic variety.

Similar species:
There is no consensus on whether it is worth considering Leccinum vulpinum (as well as the oak (Leccinum quercinum) and spruce (Leccinum peccinum), which are inextricably linked with it), a separate species, or are they still subspecies of the red aspen (Leccinum aurantiacum). So, we will consider it as more interesting: we will arrange the pine redhead as a separate species.In fact, the characteristic red-brown (apolitical) color, brown scales on the leg, dark gray spots, than a satisfactory set of characteristics for describing a species, and many fungi do not have this either.

Edible: Yeah, I guess.

Remarks Boletus has become a rare prey in our trampled lands. And to find a rare boletus, such as pine, is a doubly joyful event. Handsome, eh?

And here's what else is interesting.Everyone knows: as soon as you touch the boletus, it immediately changes color. And this no longer surprises anyone. But if, say, a boletus is eaten by some snail or other representative of the forest fauna, a mushroom, nothing will happen. Bitten on the leg, and what? As she was white, she remained. I cannot explain this.