Myth 13. There is nothing wrong with the use of conditionally edible mushrooms.
Conventionally edible mushrooms include numerous milkers and some russules that have a burning or bitter taste (violin, pepper milk mushrooms, pink volushka, black milk mushrooms and many others) or an unpleasant odor (Valui).
Because of this, they can be used mainly for food. for salting and only after preliminary boiling. Some of the mushrooms (Valui, violin) must be soaked for a long time, changing the water many times.
It is recommended to boil the pig before use. In recent years, there have been many cases of pig poisoning. Therefore, now it should not be eaten, especially since the toxic substances of this fungus accumulate in the body gradually and the symptoms of poisoning appear only after repeated consumption of it.
Grew up in the courtyard at the doorstep: signs
If mushrooms have grown at the doorstep, wait for news. This is the popular omen. Also, mushrooms at the doorstep are associated with wealth or addition to the family. If the mushrooms are edible, the news will be good, if the toadstools are probably bad. In any case, you should not remove these mushrooms, especially if they do not interfere with walking and do not grow. If the mycelium began to grow actively and began to interfere a lot, dig up the ground. But you only need to do this with toadstools. Edible mushrooms that have grown at the doorstep can be safely eaten after heat treatment.
In the mushroom year, mushrooms can grow in the garden and on the doorstep
Myth 6. Mushrooms, unlike other important foods, cannot have a healing effect on the body
For example, the alkaloid hercedine, which is used in the treatment of angina pectoris, is found in a porcini mushroom. For headaches, gout, a tincture of an oil can, containing specific resinous substances, is used.
Aqueous and alcoholic tinctures from Veselka vulgaris are used to treat gastritis and other diseases of the digestive tract. Autumn mushrooms, in addition, are used as a laxative, and winter mushrooms have antiviral effects.
By the way, only one hundred grams of honey agaric is enough to satisfy the human body's need for such chemical elements as zinc and copper, which are actively involved in the process of hematopoiesis.
The autumn mushroom, green tea, contains a substance from the group of anticoagulants, which prevents blood clotting, which is important for the prevention of thrombosis. And milk mushrooms are recommended to be included in the diet for patients with kidney stone disease.
How do mushrooms save the Earth?
The Discover article writes about Paul Stemets, an American mycologist and entrepreneur who sells various mushroom products and promotes the use of medicinal mushrooms in medicine. In her 2005 book, Running Mycelium: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World, Stemets writes, “Mushroom-producing mushrooms can dramatically change the game of play in disparate areas such as medicine, forestry, pesticides and pollution control. Wednesday. " He has spent the last 25 years preaching this to all who are willing to listen.
No matter how poetic or strange the activity of Stemets may look, his idea that mushrooms connect the human immune system and the environment is based on solid biology, because on the evolutionary tree the animal kingdom and the mushroom kingdom grow from one branch. One way or another, mushrooms amazingly bind together the life of plants, animals and the Earth itself. There are about 1.5 million species of fungi, including yeasts and molds, and mushroom-producing macrofungs.All of these organisms - which we talked about above - have basic features in common with animals: they breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, and they are also susceptible to many of the microbes to which humans are susceptible.
Paul Stemets visiting Joe Rogan. Stemets' private campaign, Fungi Perfecti, sells gourmet and medicinal mushrooms (along with growing kits, mushroom supplements, and mushroom-related books and trinkets) by mail order and health food stores.
When fungi colonized the Earth a billion years ago, some of them occupied the niche of the great decomposers of the earth - and this is the real key to creating soil. The fungal mycelium secrete enzymes and acids that convert rock into bioavailable minerals and disentangle long-chain organic matter molecules into an easily digestible form. The fungal mycelium hold the soil together, help it retain water, and make its nutrients available to vegetation. Recall that the mycelium is the vegetative body of fungi, which consists of thin branched filaments called hyphae.
When Staemets was cultivating the mold in his laboratory, a white circle of mycelium spread over the petri dish; it was soon covered in green spores. The researcher transferred pieces of mold to other dishes, where they multiplied for generations. Eventually, white streaks appeared among the green ones on the same plate, where the mycelium (possibly due to a damaged gene) lagged behind in spore production. He then took some of the white material and cultivated it for generations, with the result that the spore cycle was delayed by several days or longer.
Mushrooms are not only a delicious dish
Myth 11. All mushrooms accumulate toxins and radionuclides equally strongly, and therefore their use is questionable
It is well known that mushrooms have a high storage capacity. Therefore, in no case should you pick mushrooms that grow within the city, along highways and next to industrial enterprises.
However, most of the radionuclides are accumulated by accumulating mushrooms: Polish mushroom, bitter, rubella, flywheel yellow-brown, camelina, autumn butterdish (especially late), goat, ringed cap.
In the fruit bodies of these species, even with soil contamination close to permissible values (0.1-0.2 Ci / km2), the content of radionuclides may exceed permissible levels.
Real and black lactose, black podgruzdok, pink volushka, yellow chanterelle, boletus, brilliant green can be attributed to another group of mushrooms that strongly accumulate radionuclides.
Boletus, boletus, russula, autumn honey agaric, podgreen - mushrooms that accumulate radionuclides moderately. The least accumulation of radionuclides are fungi-discriminators of radionuclides: champignon, winter mushroom, oyster mushroom, common line, russula whole and brown, motley umbrella, thorny raincoat.
By the way, more cesium accumulates in the cap of the mushroom than in the stem.
Why are there a lot of mushrooms in the forest, a big harvest: signs
As mentioned earlier in the article, there is a sign that the abundance of mushrooms in the forest promises an early war. Moreover, war is understood not only as battles, weapons and shots. Even the increased internal discontent in the country is associated with mushrooms.
Why with mushrooms, and not with berries or fruits? Because mushrooms still remain a completely unexplored substance. They are not classified as plants or animals. There is a whole form of life, which is called “mushrooms”. There is even a version about the alien origin of this species, but it is hard to believe in it.
Mushrooms grow in families
Here's what else, besides the war, the huge harvest of mushrooms is associated with:
- change of power in the country
- hunger (within a few years after harvest)
- diseases, epidemics, many deaths
Next, we will analyze a few more common signs in more detail.
Myth 3. Mushrooms can be eaten even by children
Mushrooms are "heavy" food, which is better not to give to children and sick people. This is due to the special structure of the fungal fiber, which is bound to indigestible chitin.
Therefore, it is not only difficult to digest, but also makes it difficult for digestive juices to access proteins and other nutrients.
In this regard, it is better not to offer mushrooms to children under 6-7 years old. This is also due to the fact that detoxification mechanisms are not fully formed in the child's body, and the digestive system is still not working at full strength.
For the same reason, almost all therapeutic diets exclude mushrooms from the diet.
If your body does not perceive mushrooms, but you really want a mushroom smell in dishes, then make a powder from dry noble mushrooms on a coffee grinder and add it when cooking meat, vegetables, first courses.
This destroys the indigestible fiber of the fungi and maximizes their digestibility.
What mushrooms are eaten in other countries?
It is a big mistake to think that champignons were brought to us from France. These mushrooms grew in Russia in all places. They were actively used in the daily diet. Although the attitude was towards him as a second-rate product. That which grew in the forest, and not near the house, has always been held in high esteem. The popularization of champignons in our country and in Europe began about 200 years ago. And now decent money is earned on growing champignons in a greenhouse.
An interesting fact: mushrooms appeared on Earth long before dinosaurs, they are considered very tenacious and strong. They are able to move and grow at the speed of a bamboo. Mushrooms have medicinal qualities, but at the same time they are predators. And when studying the chromosome set, scientists have established that there are male and female mushrooms.
The billions of people make the Chinese people grow and consume mushrooms of all kinds. It is an integral part of many dishes. There are dozens of names - shimeji, oyster mushroom, shiitake, enoki. Products are actively exported, including the Russian Federation. Champignons in the total mass do not exceed 10% of the consumption volume. Most of them are produced on home farms, by small entrepreneurs.
They also love mushrooms in the States. The official market is approximately $ 1.1 billion. A country where delicious food is part of the meaning of life cannot exist without this delicacy. But no more than ten names are in use, including porcini mushroom, enoki, maitake. In Germany, the most popular is champignon. Supporters of separate nutrition do not strive for their diversity. Even inveterate mushroom pickers specialize in a particular variety.
The closer the state is to Russia, the more actively its residents are picking mushrooms. Hiking in the forest is a common thing in Romania, Hungary, Slovakia. In Sweden and Poland, the government itself encourages this fishing. But in the Netherlands, it is forbidden by law to collect and bring anything from the forest. In Italy and France, a permit is required for mushroom picking.
A mushroom is not a plant. This is a special biological kingdom that combines elements of plants and animals. It can be compared to a vacuum cleaner that sucks in all the nutrients from the soil, trees and grass. It is very dangerous to eat what grows near highways, industrial enterprises, landfills. It is for this reason that many literate and scrupulous foreigners avoid using mushrooms in their diet.
It is dangerous to acquire this type of delicacy in spontaneous markets, from random persons. From a medical point of view, the mushroom is beneficial if it is grown in a normal environment. Although the body does not require the use of this product for good nutrition. In cooking, it is not so much the calorie content that is appreciated, but the taste and sophistication. It is an excellent raw material for seasonings and spices.
Interesting fact: mushrooms have become part of world culture and everyday life. In ancient times, the product had alternative names - partying, sheep, bruises, elves. They are often mentioned in fairy tales and legends, and many names of cities and streets are associated with them.
When properly prepared and naturally, safe, mushrooms are healthy and delicious. But do not risk it if you are not a connoisseur of this type of delicacy. The risk can be costly. And the reason why Russians love mushrooms is clear and obvious: this is a dish that has become national due to natural, cultural and historical factors. And never miss the opportunity to head out into the woods for an amazing and enjoyable harvesting process.
What is the danger?
The main disadvantage of old mushrooms is that they accumulate chitin, as well as other toxins. Moreover, we note that the legs contain an order of magnitude more of them than the hats. If there is no other food, then you have to eat mushrooms that have been lying for quite a long time. In this case, it is advisable to place them in cold water for several hours. This is done so that harmful substances are maximized from the products.
So why can't you eat old mushrooms? In addition to the fact that they contain toxins, they can be compared to a real sponge, absorbing a variety of substances from the environment. We assume that it is not necessary to dwell too much on existing environmental problems. After all, they are already well known to everyone. As the fungus ages, more and more harmful substances accumulate in it, posing a danger to the human body. It is strongly not recommended to collect them along the track. Because they are guaranteed to have absorbed a lot of exhaust gases. Experts advise using several methods in the process of preparing mushrooms, which will minimize the risks that arise. First of all, it is advisable to pre-soak them in cold, slightly salted water. It is also recommended to cut them as finely as possible. This is done in order to facilitate the etching process. As for the dishes, broth will be the best option.
Why pick mushrooms in a leap year
Can you pick mushrooms in a leap year? All respecting mushroom pickers want to know the answer to this question.
A leap year is considered by astrologers to be the beginning of a four-year cycle. This year, you cannot start any new business, there is a high probability of failure. Elderly people believe that the more mushrooms you collect this year, the more coffins you will take to the churchyard. In other words, picking mushrooms in a leap year means bringing death and misfortune to your family.
Is it dangerous to pick mushrooms in a leap year?
It is known for certain that the mycelium is reborn every few years. And if the last year of mycelium's life fell on a leap year, there is a possibility of poisoning with these same mushrooms. They say even edible mushrooms can become deadly poisonous. But the rebirth of mycelium can occur in any year, and not just in a leap year. Therefore, it is still possible to pick mushrooms in a leap year.
Is it true that many mushrooms are a sign of war?
For a long time, it is believed that the mushroom year promises an early war. The most obvious proof of this sign was considered 1940 and 1941, which fell an unprecedented harvest of mushrooms. And as you know, at this time the war came to the territory of the USSR. For a long time, no one questioned the mushroom omen, because the facts were obvious.
However, even after the Great Patriotic War, there were very fruitful years for mushrooms. But, fortunately, no war followed.
Finding a mycelium with pure mushrooms in the mushroom year is very simple.
Mushrooms are very fond of dampness and warmth, while they simply cannot stand drought. Such years happen several times a decade, usually there are 2-4 mushroom years for 10 years.
As you know, the weather does not portend war in any way, therefore, mushrooms should not be associated with the war.
Why do they eat mushrooms from the forest in Russia and the countries of the former USSR?
The main task of consuming any product is the need to replenish calories. The northern latitudes of Russia have always been characterized by food shortages, especially during times of wars, revolutions, and crop failures.The very abundance of forests gives mushrooms in huge quantities: no need to plant a garden, watering and weeding. You just need to take a knife, a basket and go to the forest thicket. Nature has decreed that this good is in abundance, and there are dozens of edible varieties. If you make an excursion into history 300 years ago, then there were no potatoes or tomatoes in the national diet. So mushrooms made up a significant part of the consumer basket.
An interesting fact: natural scientists are still far from the day when all types and varieties of mushrooms will be described and classified. Now this figure is in the range of 100,000. But in reality, there are about 20 times more varieties!
A special advantage is that they can be dried and harvested for future use. And without modern conservation technologies. They are simply salted, pickled, dried. Prolonged posts added fuel to the fire. So a hard-working person could adequately replenish the supply of calories with mushroom components. They can be fried, baked, boiled. This is an excellent appetizer, an ingredient in many dishes - borscht, soups, baked goods. Mushrooms go with vegetables, porridge, fish, berries, pancakes. Nowadays, many simple old peasant notions are served in expensive restaurants as a specialty.
The collection process also attracts - you need to go to the forest, have a certain skill and intuition. In the absence of modern entertainment, TV and books, searching for butter and brown birch trees is a great way to while away the time.
Witch's circle - mushrooms: signs
Also, mushrooms are associated with legends about witches and witchcraft. There is even an expression "witch's circle". This is a circle formed by mushrooms in a natural way, while the grass inside the circle withers and dries up for some unknown reason. Most likely, the mycelium simply gradually fills this circle, respectively, the grass has nowhere to grow, and it withers.
But the people said: if there are a lot of mushrooms, the unclean force raged, gained unprecedented power. Such mushroom circles were associated with the witches' sabbath and bypassed.
It looks like a witch's circle
Whether or not to cut mushrooms from this circle is a personal matter for everyone. People who do not believe in legends and omens do not disdain such luck - where else can you collect a whole basket of mushrooms in 15 minutes? People who respect beliefs bypass the "witch's circle" by no means enter it and they no longer cut mushrooms so as not to disturb the forest spirits.
Many porcini mushrooms: a sign
Porcini mushrooms - boletus mushrooms, the rarest and so favorite mushroom pickers. You can go for a real porcini mushroom for a long time. It grows in a normal year alone, hiding in foliage and grass. Finding him is real luck.
In a mushroom year, you can often find a whole clearing of porcini mushrooms, and if they are still all clean, not wormy, consider yourself incredibly lucky. Grab a knife, sit back and enjoy a quiet hunt.
a basket of the purest porcini mushrooms pleases the eye
So what do people associate a large harvest of porcini mushrooms with? All with the same war. And also - with bread. "If it is mushroom, then it is grain." This is what the popular belief says. Indeed, mushroom years are famous for a good harvest of rye and wheat, but this is most likely due to the same weather.
