Plutey gold-colored

White clue: photo and description

See what the rogue looks like in the photo:

In the photo, White Plyutey

More recently, research by biologists has shown that some subspecies have a small dose of the glucinogenic component. Therefore, the use of such mushrooms for cooking is highly questionable.

There are several subspecies:

• deer;
• White;
• scaly;
• noble;
• willow.

The mushroom can be used for food. Another name is lashes of kuchkovaty. You can meet him in Europe, Japan, China, Primorye and Siberia. Some specimens have been found in the states of the northern part of the African continent.

Main external characteristics:

1. The lower part is up to 12 cm long, its thickness is within 1-2 cm. It is filled with pulp with fibers, white. The leg is smooth and firm. Volvo and ring are undetectable.
2. The upper part is up to 12 cm in diameter, fragile, finely fleshy. On a young mushroom, the cap resembles a half of a sphere, then it opens up, a low blunt tubercle forms. It is fibrous, silky, white, sometimes with scales closer to the center.
3. The plates are high, loose, white or slightly pinkish. But this shade appears in old mushrooms. The young have white plates.
4. The pulp is white, soft. On the cut, it does not change color, without a pronounced odor. Near the cap, its color becomes close to yellow.

The mushroom itself does not have a distinct smell or taste.

Grows in gardens, forest plantations and vegetable gardens. Appears from May to November. On wood residues, on the lawn in places where there was mulching with sawdust, it often grows in mulched beds.

There are no poisonous mushrooms similar to rods without a ring and without a Volvo. But some mushroom pickers talk about similarities with a subspecies from the same Pluteyev family - orange-powerful.

It requires boiling for 15 minutes, which makes the mushroom suitable for further use. White stick can be used in second courses and for pickling.

It is not used in medical practice.

Practical use

Practical use of the mushroom is limited to a few edible species. Many varieties are rare, therefore, due to the lack of knowledge, they are considered inedible. There are several species with hallucinogenic properties. They are caused by the psilocybin contained in the chemical composition. Among these mushrooms are willow and blue.

Some varieties chemically contain a number of substances with medicinal properties, including:

• reindeer roast contains polysaccharides that inhibit the development of malignant tumors,
• an extract from a dwarf species has an immunostimulating effect.

Edible varieties are rarely eaten due to their mediocre taste.

Golden-veined corkscrew (Pluteus chrysophlebius)

Synonyms:

Agaricus chrysophlebius

Description

Ecology: saprophyte on the remains of deciduous or, less commonly, conifers. Causes white rot. Grows singly or in small groups on stumps, fallen trees, sometimes on rotting wood shallowly submerged in the soil.

Hat: 1-2.5 centimeters in diameter. In youth it is broadly conical; with age it becomes broadly convex to flat, sometimes with a central tubercle. Wet, shiny, smooth. Young specimens look a little wrinkled, especially in the center of the cap; these wrinkles are somewhat reminiscent of a venous pattern. With age, wrinkles are smoothed out. The edge of the cap may be finely ribbed. The color of the cap is bright yellow, golden yellow in youth, dims with age, acquiring brownish-yellow tones, but does not completely go brownish, there is always a yellow tint. The edge of the cap looks darker, brownish due to the very thin, almost translucent flesh at the edge of the cap.

Plates: loose, frequent, with plates (rudimentary plates).In youth, for a very short time - white, whitish, when ripe, the spores acquire a pinkish color characteristic of all spitters.

Leg: 2-5 centimeters long. 1-3 millimeters thick. Smooth, fragile, smooth. Whitish, pale yellow, with white cotton wool of the basal mycelium at the base.

Ring: missing.

Flesh: very thin, soft, fragile, slightly yellowish.

Smell: slightly discernible; when rubbing the pulp, it resembles a bit of bleach. Taste: no particular taste.

Spore powder: Pink. Spores: 5-7 x 4.5-6 microns, smooth, flowing.

Season and distribution

It grows from late spring to early autumn. Found in Europe, Asia, North America. It is possible that Plyutey golden-veined is widespread throughout the globe, but it is so rare that there is no exact distribution map yet.

Edibility

No data on toxicity. P. chrysophlebius is probably edible, like the rest of the Pluteev genus. But its rarity, small size and very small amount of pulp does not dispose of culinary experiments. We also recall that the pulp may have a weak, but rather unappetizing smell of bleach.

Similar species:

• Pluteus chrysophaeus is slightly larger with brownish tints.
• Lion-yellow roach (Pluteus leoninus) - a roach with a bright yellow hat. Differs in much larger sizes. The hat is velvety, there is also a pattern in the center of the hat, but it looks more like a mesh than a pattern of veins, and in the lion-yellow spit, the pattern is preserved in adult specimens.
• Pluteus fenzlii is very rare. Its hat is bright, it is the yellowest of all yellow spitters. Easily distinguished by the presence of a ring or annular zone on the stem.
• Orange-wrinkled roach (Pluteus aurantiorugosus) is also a very rare roach. Differs in the presence of orange shades, especially in the center of the cap. There is a rudimentary ring on the stem.

Notes (edit)

There was some taxonomic confusion with Plyute golden-veined, as well as with Golden Spit (Pluteus chrysophaeus). North American mycologists used the name P. chrysophlebius, European and Eurasian ones - P. chrysophaeus. Research carried out in 2010-2011 confirmed that P. chrysophaeus (Plyutey golden-colored) is a separate species with a darker, more brown cap color.

With synonyms, the situation is also ambiguous. The North American tradition called Pluteus admirabilis synonymous with Pluteus chrysophaeus. Recent research confirms that Pluteus admirabilis, named in New York in the late 19th century, is actually the same species as Pluteus chrysophlebius, named in South Carolina in 1859. Justo's research recommends dropping the name "chrysophaeus" altogether, as the original 18th century illustration of the species shows a mushroom with a brown rather than a yellow cap. However, Michael Kuo writes about finding (very rarely) populations of Pluteus chrysophlebius with brown caps and yellow caps growing together, photo:

and thus the question of "chrysophaeus" for North American mycologists is still open and requires further study.

The noble and scaly rogue

It is considered inedible. You can find it in the forests between July and October. The noble rogue has a white cap. Sometimes it may turn a little yellow or gray. Its edges are even, looking down. The stem is light, some specimens may have a brown coating.

Noble rogue in the photo

This subspecies is not considered edible.

You can meet him from mid-October in the south of Russia, from late summer to October.

The main external features are:

• a gray or brown cap, which, as the mushroom matures, becomes with upward curved edges;
• polished light leg;
• the plates are not located close to each other, gray shade.

Scaly rods in the photo

Double Plutey scaly

A scaly-like plyuch is considered a double, but it is smaller in size, and its scales are more pronounced.

949 Article rating by Kira Stoletova

The plute mushroom belongs to the plute family of the agaric order. It has a different name - pluteus and pluteus.

Fungus mushroom and its varieties

Pluteus lion-yellow (Pluteus leoninus)

Synonyms:

• Plutey golden yellow
• Pluteus sororiatus
• Agaricus leoninus
• Agaricus chrysolithus
• Agaricus sororiatus
• Pluteus luteomarginatus
• Pluteus fayodii
• Pluteus flavobrunneus

Description

Habitat and growth time:
Plutey lion-yellow grows in deciduous, mainly oak and beech forests; in mixed forests, where he prefers birch; and is very rarely found in conifers. Saprophyte, grows on rotting stumps, bark, wood immersed in the soil, dead wood, rarely on living trees. Fruiting from mid-June to mid-September with massive growth in July. Singly or in small groups, quite rarely, annually.
Distributed in Europe, Asia, Western and Eastern Siberia, China, Primorsky Territory, Japan, North Africa and North America.

Hat: 3-5, up to 6 cm in diameter, first bell-shaped or wide-bell-shaped, then convex, flat-convex and prostrate, thin, smooth, matte velvety, longitudinally striped. Yellowish brownish, brownish or honey yellow. In the center of the cap there may be a small tubercle with a velvety mesh pattern. The edge of the cap is ribbed-striped.

Plates: loose, wide, frequent, whitish-yellowish, pink by old age.

Leg: thin and high, 5-9 cm high and about 0.5 cm thick. Cylindrical, slightly widened downwards, even or curved, sometimes twisted, solid, longitudinally striped, fibrous, sometimes with a small nodule base, yellowish, yellowish-brownish or brownish, with a darker base.

Flesh: white, firm, with a pleasant smell and taste, or no special smell and taste

Spore powder: light pink

Edibility

Edible mushroom of poor quality, preliminary boiling is necessary (10-15 minutes), after boiling it can be used to prepare the first and second courses. The lion yellow can also be consumed salted. Suitable for drying.

Similar species:

• Gold-colored plute (Pluteus chrysophaeus) - slightly smaller, with the presence of brownish tints.
• The golden-veined roach (Pluteus chrysophlebius) is much smaller, the cap is not velvety and the pattern is different in the center of the cap.
• Pluteus fenzlii is very rare. Its hat is bright, it is the yellowest of all yellow spitters. Easily distinguished by the presence of a ring or annular zone on the stem.
• Orange-wrinkled roach (Pluteus aurantiorugosus) is also a very rare roach. Differs in the presence of orange shades, especially in the center of the cap. There is a rudimentary ring on the stem.

An inexperienced mushroom picker may confuse the lion-yellow spit with some types of rows, such as a sulfur-yellow row (inedible mushroom) or decorated, but a careful look at the plates will help to correctly identify the mushrooms.

Notes (edit)

Piley pucker (P. sororiatus) is considered a synonym, but a number of authors recognize it as an independent species, noting significant differences both in morphological characteristics and in ecology. Pluteus luteomarginatus, in this case, is considered a synonym for heapy spit, not lion-yellow.

For the heaped spit (Pluteus sororiatus) S.P. Vasser gives a description that differs from the descriptions of the lion-yellow spit:

Morphological characteristics

Plutey belongs to saprotrophs. They destroy the dead remains of living organisms, turning them into the simplest organic and inorganic compounds.

According to the description, the fruiting bodies in the family of plute caps are pebbled. The cap is easily detached from the leg, it can be of different types: from bell-shaped to open. Often there is a tubercle in the center of the cap. The surface is glossy, smooth, often dry, but sometimes slimy, sometimes fibrous, silky or scaly.There are species in which the hat surface is wrinkled or covered with a mesh or veins.

Color - from white to almost black, but more often brown or yellow. The sizes of mushroom caps vary, depending on the species, and can be up to 1 cm in the smallest species and up to 20-24 cm in the largest species.

The mushroom stem is cylindrical, often widened or tuberous at the base, it can be solid or hollow. The surface of the stem is without cover, fibrous or scaly. It has medium or large size, central or slightly asymmetric.

The mushroom pulp is light, from white to yellow, fleshy, without changes in the cut. Has a faint smell and a mild taste. Some species have a bitter taste. The hymenophore is formed by white and pink free plates.

Reindeer ropes: photo and description

Category: inedible.

Reindeer spit hat (Pluteus cervinus) (diameter 4-25 cm): gray, brown or almost black. The edges are usually much lighter than the center, but if the weather is dry and sultry for a long time, it also fades a lot. In young mushrooms, the cap has the shape of a bell, which over time changes to almost completely outstretched with a small tubercle in the center. Silky to the touch, sometimes it can crack.

Leg (height 4-17 cm): usually white or gray, solid, cylindrical, with longitudinal fibers, often with a small reticular or moire pattern. May be severely curved and swollen. Easily detaches from the cap.

Flesh: very brittle, white in color, which does not change at the cut or when exposed to air.

Plates: wide and thick. Young reindeer spitters are white, with time the color changes to pinkish.

The reindeer plyutey got its name from the color of the hat. Has a pungent and tart radish odor.

Twins: the related spines of Posoir (Pluteus pouzarianus) and dark-edge (Pluteus atromarginatus), as well as wide-lamellar colibia (Megacollybia platyphylla). But Pozuar's creeper does not have a distinct smell and grows on soft deciduous trees, the dark-edged crimson is darker and most often found in coniferous forests, and the colibia is distinguished by a creamy shade of the plates.

When it grows: from the beginning of June to the end of August in almost all European countries.

Where to find it: On rotted wood of all types of forests, as well as sawdust. Prefers pine and birch.

Eating: not consumed.

Application in traditional medicine: not applicable.

Other names: brown plyutey, dark fibrous plyutey.

Umber roast (Pluteus umbrosus)

Hat: very thick and fleshy cap reaches ten cm in diameter. The cap is thinner at the edges. At first, the cap has a semicircular, flat-convex or outstretched shape. There is a low tubercle in the central part. The surface of the cap is whitish or dark brown. The surface of the cap is covered with a felt, radial or mesh pattern with granular ribs. At the edges, the cap has a grayish-nut color. The hairs at the edges form a scalloped fringe.

Plates: wide, frequent, not adherent, whitish in color. With age, the plates become pinkish, brown at the edges.

Spores: ellipsoidal, oval, pinkish, smooth. Spore powder: pinkish.

Leg: cylindrical stem, centered on the head. The leg thickens towards the base. Inside, the leg is solid, rather dense. The surface of the leg is brownish or off-white in color. The stem is covered with longitudinal dark fibers with granular brownish small scales.

Flesh: under the skin the flesh is light brown. Has a bitter taste and a pungent radish smell. When cut, the flesh retains its original color.

Edible: Umber, edible, but completely tasteless mushroom. Like all mushrooms of the Spine genus, the umber is a real challenge to the culinary skills of the mushroom lover.

Similarity: The umber robe is quite easy to identify by the characteristic surface of the cap and by the mesh pattern on it. In addition, the place of growth of the fungus allows you to cut off its false analogs.True, this mushroom can also grow in wood immersed in the soil, which slightly complicates its identification. But, a brownish hat with hairs and radial stripes, as well as dense and short, as for Spit, the leg will leave all doubts behind. For example, Spit Deer does not have a mesh pattern on the cap, and the edges of the plates have a different color. Dark-Edge Plyutey (Pluteus atromarginatus), as a rule, grows in coniferous forests.

Distribution: Umber beetle occurs from July to September. At the end of August, it is found more massively. Grows in mixed and deciduous forests. Prefers rotting branches, tree stumps and wood submerged in the soil. Grows in small groups or singly.

Notes: If we consider the mushroom subjectively, then this is the largest and most solid Plyutei of all its varieties. Its main difference from other species is that it does not seem overgrown. At the same time, the Umber Plyutey is much less common than the Reindeer Plyutey, probably for this reason it is considered more significant.

Mushroom photo Umber clown from questions in recognition:

Geography of distribution

The predominant area is forest areas. Most species live on soil containing woody debris, or on decaying wood, including stumps and dead wood. Less commonly, these mushrooms are found in gardens and parklands. Sometimes they grow in greenhouses. In some cases, they are found on living, but rotten trees, leading to the appearance of white rot.

The geography of distribution covers all continental areas with the exception of Antarctica. The greatest species diversity is presented in the deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere, where the substrate preferred by the fungus is sufficient. On the territory of Russia, the varieties found in the Rostov Region, Primorsky Territory, Leningrad and Samara Regions are well studied.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure.The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Trichoderma (Trichoderma)

The type of cap skin, usually consists of straight, septate elements located more or less perpendicular to the surface and laid both at the same and at different levels; the ends of the hyphae can be morphologically modified and represent dermatocystids. The surface of the cap is velvety to almost felt.

Lat. Trichoderm.

Trichoderma, in turn, is subdivided into intertwined trichoderma and irregular trichoderma.

Intertwined trichoderm (Intricate trichoderm) - trichoderm, consisting of intertwined hyphae, located not parallel to each other and forming a tomentose pubescence.

Irregular trichoderm - Trichoderma, consisting of irregularly branching hyphae.

See Dermatotsistida, Hypha, Septa.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Description of scaly spit

The diameter of the cap of the scaly spit ranges from 4 to 9 centimeters. The hat is thick-fleshed. Its shape varies from semicircular to convex, but over time it becomes prostrate, with a tubercle expressed in the center. The surface of the cap is fibrous. Its color is grayish brown. The central part of the cap is covered with small, compressed scales. The caps often crack radially.

The pulp is whitish in color; on the cut, its color remains unchanged. The pulp has an astringent taste, and the smell is not pronounced. Spores are smooth, ellipsoidal or broadly ellipsoidal, sometimes ovoid. The plates are wide, free, often spaced. The color of the plates is pinkish-gray, but with age they become pink, and their edges are whitish.

The length of the leg is 4-10 centimeters, its diameter is small - 0.4-1 centimeters. The leg is attached in the center of the cap, its shape is cylindrical, it is dense in structure. There is a small tuber at the base of the leg. The surface of the leg is grayish or whitish, smooth, shiny. There are fibrous grooves in the lower part of the leg. There are no remnants of the bedspread on the leg.

Places of growth of squamous spit

These are saprotrophic mushrooms, they grow on dead wood residues and on the soil. They prefer deciduous trees. You can find scaly spit in mixed forests, as well as in parks and gardens.

Scaly spines bear fruit from August to October. These mushrooms are rare. In the European part of our country, they grow in the Samara and Rostov regions.

Other mushrooms of this genus

The lion's roach, or lion-yellow, or the heap is found in mixed and deciduous forests. They settle on rotting stumps and wood, often found on birches. Lion spits bear fruit from June to September, and peak growth is observed in July. They grow singly, are rare, fruits appear annually.

The diameter of the lion's spit hat is 2-6 centimeters.At first, its shape is bell-shaped, then it becomes convex, and then prostrate. The hat is thin, with a matte velvety surface. The color of the cap is brownish or honey-yellow. The edges of the cap are ribbed-striped. The length of the leg is 5-6 centimeters, with a thickness of 0.4-0.6 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical, and a slight thickening is observed at the base.

The leg can be either flat or twisted. The color of the leg is yellowish, yellowish brown or brown, and the base is darker. The lion's flock is poorly understood. These are edible mushrooms, of poor quality, they are dried and salted.

The golden yellow roach has a hat with a diameter of 5-7 centimeters. Its shape is bell-shaped at a young age, and then it becomes prostrate. The hat is thin, velvety, bright yellow or dark yellow in color, while the middle is dark, brownish or ocher. The length of the leg is 5-7 centimeters, with a thickness of 0.5 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical, it can be flat or curved, the base is tuberous. The color of the leg is yellow or yellow-brown, and the base is brown.

Spits grow golden yellow from June to September, the peak of fruiting is observed in July. These fungi settle on decaying deciduous wood, most often giving preference to birch, can also be found on conifers. They live alone. They bear fruit annually.